Grammar M3 Unit1

1、Quiz 1:1) The proud man said he would rather s_ than beg for food.2) Young people want i_ from their parents.3) We stopped half way up the hill to a_ the view.4) Einstein was a_the Nobel Prize for his work in Quantum physics.5) I dont go along with her r_ belief.admireawardedindependencestarvereligi

2、ous6. He knew he had been t_, but it was too late.7. To her great relief, she g_ high grades in English and Math.8. Id like everyone to g_ round so I can demonstrate how the system works.9. Contrary to popular b_, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight.10. He doesnt like getting involved in a

3、ny New Years c_.trickedgainedgatherbeliefcelebrations情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除不能单独做谓语，除ought 和和have 外，后面只能接外，后面只能接动词原形动词原形。2） 情态动词情态动词没有人称，数的变化没有人称，数的变化，但有些，但有些情态动词，如情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去也有一般式和过去式的变化。式的变化。3） 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，情态动词的时间区别的主要标志，情态动词的现现在式形式和过去式形式在式形式和过去式形

4、式都可用来表示都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是：possibility,prediction, ability, request, blaming, offering help, etc. The girl can dance very well. Can the news be true? Can I sit here? Can I help you? How can you say that? I cant say that he has finished his work. can 和和could：(abili

5、ty)(possibility)(request)(offering help)(blaming)(prediction)2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能有关的能力和推测力和推测: We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor.(prediction)(request)B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语气较但语气较can客客气、委婉气、委婉: Could you lend me your dictionary? Could

6、 I use your bike?3) can和和could接动词的完成时接动词的完成时They could have stayed at my home, but they chose to stay at a hotel.You could have had a better mark.They cant have gone out because the light was still on. (can/could have done) 表示表示对对过去发生的事过去发生的事情情做出的判断做出的判断“本可以，本可能做某事本可以，本可能做某事” 。 Can, could 用在否定和疑问句中用

7、在否定和疑问句中, 表示推测，表示推测，不相信、怀疑等态度。不相信、怀疑等态度。may 和和might ：may 的基本用法有三种的基本用法有三种: A. 表示请求、许可表示请求、许可;比比can较为正式较为正式: May I come in ? You may go now. B. 表示表示 “也许也许” “可能可能”: 通常只用通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。于肯定句和否定句中。 -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑

8、问句中，表示可能性用can, could,不用不用may 在否定句中在否定句中,都可以用都可以用,但意思不同但意思不同. “cannot”: 不不可能可能. “may not”: 可能不可能不. Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？他会在哪呢？He cant be in the classroom.He may not be in the classroom. C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿;但语气较正式但语气较正式: May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有的用法有: She said that he might ta

9、ke her bike. 在间接引语中表示在间接引语中表示 “过去的可能和允许过去的可能和允许” 除了在间接引语以外，除了在间接引语以外，might 一般不表示过去的可一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。能或者许可。 may ,might 都可以表示现在的都可以表示现在的“可能可能性性”,但但might 的可能性要小的可能性要小.Our football team didnt play very well today, but we might do better tomorrow.Might I have a word with you?might表示表示 “现在的许可现在的许可”, 语气语气比比

10、may 较委婉较委婉will和和would：1. will可以作助动词和情态动词可以作助动词和情态动词 I will tell you something important now.He said he would tell meWould you like to have a try ?When she was young，she would read fairy tales. will用于构成将来时是用于构成将来时是助动词助动词. will用于表示用于表示“意志意志”“”“决心决心”“”“请求请求”是情是情态动词态动词. would亦同理亦同理.Would you help us, pl

11、ease?would比比will委婉委婉shall和和should：1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词用于构成将来时是助动词,用于第一人称用于第一人称 shall用于征求对方的意见，表示用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心决心” 是情态动词。是情态动词。 Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. （构成一般将来时（构成一般将来时, 助动词）助动词） Shall we go by train, Mom? （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. （表（表 “决心决心”，情

12、态动词），情态动词） 2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应应该该”。 You should keep your promise. She should have passed the exam. She shouldnt have left without saying a word. “should+ have+过去分词过去分词” 表示本应该已做某事但没有做表示本应该已做某事但没有做,表示责备对方表示责备对方. “shouldnt+ have+过去分词过去分词” 表示责备或批评表示责备或批评,意为意为“本应该本应该但但” must和和 have to1

13、.Must 有两种基本用法有两种基本用法. 一是表示一是表示 “必须必须”. MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must; 否定回答用否定回答用 neednt或或dont have to，“不必不必”; mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许”cf: must表主观表主观 表客观表客观have to1) You mustnt tell George.=Dont tell George.2) You dont have to tell George.= Yo

14、u can tell George If you like. But it isnt necessary.3)You have a high fever. You mustnt go to school.4) Must I study in bed all day? -No, You neednt.否定式否定式:mustnt “不得做某事不得做某事,禁止禁止”否定式否定式: dont have to =neednt doI dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk

15、home.2.表示表示“必须必须”时，时，must 和和have to 的区别：的区别：must着重说明主观看法，着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观强调客观需要。另外，需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 3 .Must 表示推测时，表示推测时， 只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。must do 对对一般时一般时的肯定推测的肯定推测must have done 对对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情作出的肯作出的肯 定判断定判断must be doing 对对现在的动作现在的动作进行肯定推测进行肯定推测 Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejo

16、king.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome. 2. A: _ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he _. 1. A: _ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday? B: Yes, I _Wouldd like to Can/CouldCant/couldnt Exercise 3. A: _ I go with my friend to the harvest festival? B: Yes

17、, you _. 4. A: If I want to be a doctor, _ I study science? B: Yes, you _. shouldMay/Can may/canshould5. A: He is very handsome. _ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he _ _. cant (play the role of theCanPrince) 6. A: The neighbour s children are older this year. _ they stop playing tricks at Hal

18、loween? B: Perhaps, they _ _. _ _.Mightor Shouldmight stopor should stop playing tricksplaying tricks at Halloweenat Halloween 拓展：拓展： 情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式可表示不定式完成式可表示“推测推测”、“责备责备”、“怀疑怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。 must have done 肯定做了肯定做了 may/might have done 可能已做了可能已做了 cant/ couldnt have done 不可能做了不可能做了 should have done 本该做但没做本该做但没做 shouldnt have done 本不该做但做了本不该做但做了 could have done 本可以做但没做本可以做但没做 1. The ground is rather wet,