第十五章 主谓一致课件

1、语法部分主谓一致概念概念: : 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。保持一致。 主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则语法一致原则语法一致原则 意义一致原则意义一致原则 就近一致原则就近一致原则 （1 1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 The desk _ Toms. Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyes. What he said _ very important for us all

2、. 语法一致原则语法一致原则 （2 2）由）由andand或或both. and.both. and.连接的并列成分作主语时，连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。 Both he and I _ right. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black _(有有)a son called Tom. 注：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念注：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。时，谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer _(have)come. （3)3)由由and and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别有连接的并

3、列单数主语之前如果分别有every, every, each, no, many a (an), more than a (an)each, no, many a (an), more than a (an)等修饰时，等修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。其谓语动词要用单数形式。In our country every boy and every girl _(have) the right to receive education. Each man and each woman_asked to help. 语法一致原则语法一致原则 （4 4）主语是单数，尽管后面跟有）主语是单数，尽管后面跟有

4、with,together with, with,together with, except, but, besides, like, as well as,includingexcept, but, besides, like, as well as,including等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. （5 5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如：）一些只有复数形式的名词，如

5、：people, police, people, police, cattle, clothescattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。A lot of people are/is dancing outside. The police are/is looking for the lost boy. 语法一致原则语法一致原则 （6 6）either, neither, each, every either, neither, each, every 和由和由some, any, some, any, no, every no, every 构

6、成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。单数。 Each of us has/have a new book. Neither of the books is/are very interesting.（7 7）由两部分构成的物体名词，如：）由两部分构成的物体名词，如：glasses, shoes, glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。动词用复数。 Your trousers are/is d

7、irty. My new pair of socks is/are on the bed. 语法一致原则语法一致原则 （8)8)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，从句谓语动词应在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，从句谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。与它所指代的先行词保持一致。 I know the man who is/are talking to my father. Jim is one of the students in his class who is/are praised by their teacher.如果这类名词前用了如果这类名词前用了a pair ofa pair of， p

8、airs of pairs of等量词修饰，谓语动等量词修饰，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于词的单复数形式往往取决于pairpair等量词的单复数形式。等量词的单复数形式。在在“one of +“one of +复数名词复数名词+who/that/which”+who/that/which”引导的定语从句结构中，引导的定语从句结构中，从句谓语动词用复数。但当从句谓语动词用复数。但当one of one of 之前有之前有the only, the firstthe only, the first等词表示特指时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。等词表示特指时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 Jim is th

9、e only one of the students in his class who is/are praised by their teacher.（1 1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。谓语动词通常用单数。Twenty years is/are not a long time. Ten dollars is/are too dear. 意义一致原则意义一致原则 （2 2）有些集体名词，如）有些集体名词，如family, team, class, groupfamily, team, class, group等

10、作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。如指其中每个成员，则用复数。 My family is/are big. My family is/are watching TV.（3 3）不定代词）不定代词all, most, more, some, any, noneall, most, more, some, any, none作作主语时，要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单主语时，要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动

11、词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。All of the work has/have been finished. All of the people has/have gone. 意义一致原则意义一致原则 （4 4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。则谓语动词用单数。 Who is/are your brother? Who is/ar

12、e League members? （5 5）“分数分数/ /百分数百分数+of+of+名词名词”构成的词组作主语时，构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以其谓语动词要以ofof后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。动词用复数；名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。It is said that 35 percent of the doctors is/are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is/are sea. 意义一致原则意义一致原则 （6 6）half, the rest

13、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。义，动词用单数。half of, the rest of half of, the rest of 后面加名词或后面加名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of of 后面的名词的数后面的名词的数保持一致。保持一致。 I have read a large part of the book, and the rest is/are more difficult. O

14、nly ten students attended the class because all the rest was/were off sick.（7 7）由）由what what 引导的从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单引导的从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。数形式。What she said is/are correct. What she left me is/are a few old books. 意义一致原则意义一致原则 （8 8）the +the +形容词形容词/ /分词，表示某一

15、类人，作主语时，谓分词，表示某一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用复数。如果主语指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。语动词用单数形式。 The sick has/have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is/are a famous person.（9 9）a number of +a number of +名词作主语，谓语动词用复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数,the ,the number of +number of +名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

16、A large number of people was/were present. The number of students is/are 2,000. 意义一致原则意义一致原则 （1010） a/an + a/an +名词单数名词单数+or two +or two 作主语，谓语动词用单作主语，谓语动词用单数。数。one and a half +one and a half +名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A day or two is/are not enough for this mission.One and a half days is/are all

17、 I can spare. （1111）the +the +姓氏复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。姓氏复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。 The Smiths are/is watching TV. （1 1）由连词）由连词or, either.or., neither. nor., or, either.or., neither. nor., not only. but also.not only. but also.等连接的并列主语等连接的并列主语, ,谓语动词谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。 Either you or I am/are right

18、. Neither the children nor the teacher knows/know anything about it. （2 2）在）在there bethere be句型中句型中, ,谓语动词的单复数和靠近它的谓语动词的单复数和靠近它的主语一致。主语一致。 There are/is two apples and one egg in it. （3 3）以）以herehere开头的句子，其谓语动词的单复数和靠近它开头的句子，其谓语动词的单复数和靠近它的主语一致。的主语一致。 Here is/are a letter and some books for you.就近一致原则就

19、近一致原则 ( )1. Neither Bill nor his parents _ at home yesterday evening. A. were B. are C. was D. isneither.nor.遵循就近一致原则，即谓语动词与最靠近它的主语一致。本题最靠近的主语是his parents，谓语动词用复数。此外，还须考虑时态，从时间状语yesterday evening可知，时态为一般过去时。故选A。( )2. _Chinese _ Japanese are Asians. A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Neither; or D. Eith

20、er; or( )3. Everyone except Jimmy and Jack _ there when the meeting began. A. was B. is C. are D. were当主语与谓语动词之间插入except短语时，谓语动词不受插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致（舍近求远原则）。故选A。( )4. -How many lessons do you usually have a day? -Six lessons a day. And each of them _ 45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 1：Each

21、of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4：Look! There _ playing with the

22、 tourists on Dahe SquareA. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deersDBDA检测检测5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster.A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to writeC. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6：Everyone except Bill and Jim

23、_there when the meeting began .A. was B. is C. are D. were7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，fiveAABB9. Look, here come some _.A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. It is not J. K. Rowling

24、 but her works that _ us excited.A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made11. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were12. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A. are; is B. is; is C

25、. is; are D. are; are13. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A. is B. was C. are D. were CCBDB14. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also15. _ Helen _ Joan

26、speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B16. The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood.A. are B. is C. has D. have17. _ of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. EachBDBD18. Not only my brother but also I_ go

27、od at painting. Both of us _good painters.A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is19. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted.A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has20. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; isBCB21. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was 22. What hed like _ a digital watch.