电力专业英语第六讲

1、山东交通学院电气系张建军 词汇 extract kstrktv. 抽汽;提取; （费力地） 拔出; 选取; 获得;hybrid habrd a. 混合式;杂种; 杂交生成的生物体; 混合物; 混合词;slag slg n. 渣auxiliary :gzlirin. （常用PL）辅机，辅助设备;补充的; 附加的; 副的; exhauster n. 抽气（风）机bunker bk(r) n. 煤仓;沙坑; 地堡; 燃料库; hammer mill 锤磨机boiler drum 锅炉气包economizer knmazn. 省煤器，节能器;节约者，节约装置，经济家; blower n. 吹风机dea

2、erator di:eretn. 除氧机，空气（油气）分离机 ;脱气器; generator n. 发电机schematic a. 图解的, 示意的refuse rfju:zn. 残渣;拒绝; 回绝; 推却; saturated stretda. 饱和的;浸透的; ( saturate的过去式和过去分词) 使饱和; 使充满; circulate s:kjletv. 循环（；使） 流通; （使） 流传; 散布; winding n. 线圈，绕组 exciting a. 励磁的； 使人兴奋的，令人激动的; stator stet n. 定子 固定片 e.m.f. 电动势switch-gear n.

3、 开关correlatedkrlet a. 相互有关的；相关物; 相关联的人; specification spesfkenn. 技术规范说明；规格; 详述; 课文内容There are two types of steam turbine power plants: condensing and heat-electric generating plants (thermoelectric plants). Condensing power plants (CPP) are based on condensing turbines. They mainly produce electric

4、power. steam turbine power plants汽轮机发电站Condensing凝气式heat-electric generating plants热电站are based on condensing turbines.基于凝气式汽轮机Large-scale CPP intended for supplying a power system are called district power plants. Thermoelectric plants employ extraction turbines and produce electric and thermal ene

5、rgy.district power plants地区发电站Extraction turbines 抽气式汽轮机 For district heat supply (of industrial plants), steam extracted from turbines (T,II, and IIT turbines) or from back-pressure (backpressure turbines P) is utilized. The production of electric and thermal energy is of hybrid nature. (of industr

6、ial plants)用于工业生产的back-pressure背压式is of hybrid nature混合的形式按照汽轮机的热力特征分类(1)、凝汽式汽轮机:蒸汽在汽轮机内膨胀做功以后,除小部分轴封漏气外,全部进入凝汽器凝结成水的汽轮机.实际上为了提高汽轮机的热效率,减少汽轮机排汽缸的直径尺寸,将做过功的蒸汽从汽轮机内抽出来,送入回热加热器,用以加热锅炉给水,这种不调整抽汽式汽轮机,也统称为凝汽式汽轮机.(2)、抽汽凝汽式汽轮机:蒸汽进入汽轮机内部做过功以后,从中间某一级抽出来一部分,用于工业生产或民用采暖,其余排入凝汽器凝结成水的汽轮机,称为一次抽汽式或单抽式汽轮机.从不同的级间抽出两种

7、不同压力的蒸汽,分别供给不同的用户或生产过程的汽轮机称为双抽式(二次抽汽式)汽轮机.(3)、背压式汽轮机:蒸汽进入汽轮机内部做功以后,以高于大气压力排除汽轮机,用于工业生产或民用采暖的汽轮机.(4)、抽汽背压式汽轮机:为了满足不同用户和生产过程的需要,从背压式汽轮机内部抽出部分压力较高的蒸汽用于工业生产,其余蒸汽继续做功后以较低的压力排除,供工业生产和居民采暖的汽轮机.(5)、中间再热式汽轮机:对于高参数、大功率的汽轮机,主蒸汽的除温、初压都比较高,蒸汽在汽轮机内部膨胀到末几级,其湿度不断增大,对汽轮机的安全运行很不利,为了减少排气湿度,将做过部分功的蒸汽从高压缸中排出,在返回锅炉重新加热,使

8、温度接近初始状态,然后进入汽轮机的的低压缸继续做功,这种汽轮机称为中间再热式汽轮机.Thermoelectric plants are usually built in cities and towns at the center of heat loads, while district power stations are located in the regions of fuel production if water supply sources are available. If a district is supplied from a power system, heat is

9、 produced by industrial and heating boiler units. at the center of heat loads在热负荷中心in the regions of fuel production在燃料（煤）的产区heating boiler units加热用的锅炉The main parts of a thermoelectric plant are fuel handling and transportation facilities, boiler unit (department), engine department, chemical water

10、 treatment department, industrial water supply system, slag-and-ash removal system, electrical engineering equipment (generators, main distributing unit and distributing unit for local requirements), auxiliary departments (maintenance repair shop, heat-control department, motor transport repair shop

11、. etc.). fuel handling and transportation facilities燃料处理和传输设备 boiler unit锅炉部分engine department引擎部分（汽轮机）chemical water treatment department水化学处理部分slag-and-ash removal system灰渣移除系统Fig.3.1 represents the schematic diagram of a condensing power plant utilizing a solid fuel. Freight cars deliver fuel to

12、receiving -unloading track 26 where it is unloaded to service bunkers 4 or to the fuel store-house. the schematic diagram流程图Freight cars厢式货车receiving -unloading track传送带it is unloaded to service bunkers煤被卸到服务煤仓Before being delivered to service bunkers, fuel is crushed in a crusher. From the service

13、bunkers, the fuel is sent to hammer mills 5 where it is ground, then dried and blown into boiler furnace 6 in the form of air-dust moisture. fuel is crushed in a crusher煤被粉碎机粉碎hammer mills锤磨车间Ground研磨air-dust moisture空气和煤粉的混合物The combustion products of the fuel pass through the gas ducts of the boil

14、er, steam superheater 8, economizer 9, air preheater 10 and are then discharged into the atmosphere through chimney stack 1. The combustion products of the fuel煤燃烧的产物gas ducts of the boiler锅炉的气道(烟道）steam superheater蒸汽过热器Economizer省煤器 discharged into the atmosphere through chimney stack 通过烟囱排到大气层Furn

15、ace refuses are discharged from ash-and-slag bunkers to slag-and-ash-removal system 25 and transported outside the power plant boundary. The boiler is fed with water from feed water tank 16 by feed pump 17.Furnace refuses炉膛的灰烬ash-and-slag bunkers灰渣仓transported outside the power plant boundary运出电厂fee

16、d water tank给水箱feed pump给水泵On its way to the boiler drum, water passes through high-pressure heater 13and the economizer. Saturated steam is sent from boiler drum 7 to steam superheater 8. After that steam flows to turbine 19. On its way to the boiler drum在它（水）到达锅炉汽包的过程中high-pressure heater高压过热器Satu

17、rated steam饱和蒸汽Waste steam is discharged into condenser 21, where it condenses and with the help of condensate pump 22 is delivered through low-pressure heater 18 to deaerator 15 and then to the feed water tank.Waste steam乏汽condensate pump冷凝泵low-pressure heater低压过热器Deaerator除氧器The heat liberated dur

18、ing the condensation of waste steam is transferred to cooling water which circulates in the circuit consisting of the condenser 21, cooler 23, and circulation pump 24. In addition to the condensate from the turbine condenser, the condensate from steam users and feed water after chemical treatment 14

19、 enter the feed tank through the deaerator.The heat liberated释然出的热cooling water冷却水circulates in the circuit consisting of the condenser在凝汽器的管路中循环condensate from steam users蒸汽用户的冷凝水Thus, in a thermoelectric steam turbine power station, the energy of fuel is transformed into thermal energy in the stea

20、m generator furnace. Heat is transferred from hot gases through heating surfaces to water. Water is heated and converted into steam. Superheated steam enters the turbine and sets the rotor in motion. in a thermoelectric steam turbine power station 在热电的汽轮机电站in the steam generator furnace在锅炉的炉膛heating

21、 surfaces加热（金属）壁；水冷壁Superheated steam过热蒸汽In the turbine, thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy. From the turbine rotor, rotation is transmitted to the rotor of a generator to whose windings an exciting current is supplied. thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy热能被转化成机械能From

22、the turbine rotor, rotation is transmitted to the rotor of a generator通过汽轮机的转子，使得发电机的转子旋转to whose windings an exciting current is supplied对发电机的绕组已经提供了励磁电流The magnetic field lines of the rotor cross the winding of the generator stator in which an e.m.f. is induced. Electric energy is transmitted by t

23、he power system to the user through a switch-gear.The magnetic field lines of the rotor cross the winding of the generator stator转子的磁力线切割发电机的定子绕组in which an e.m.f. is induced在定子绕组中产生出电动势switch-gear n. 开关A distinctive feature of electric power production is the continuous link between the processes o

24、f energy production and consumption (at each instant of time, the amount of produced power should be correlated with the users demand). The voltage and current frequency, the pressure and temperature of heat-transfer agents should be in accord with specifications over the entire period of power supp

25、ly. A distinctive feature一个独特之处the continuous link持续的关联the pressure and temperature of heat-transfer agents热传导机构的压力和温度 The scale and regime of power consumption determine technical-and-economic indices of thermo-electric power station. Consequently, before choosing the power and the type of equipmen

26、t for an electric power station, heat and electric power demand should be determined for a given district as well as the type of fuel and the block diagram of power supply system. technical-and-economic indices技术经济指标before choosing the power and the type of equipment for an electric power station在选择发电站的设备和生产的能量（电、热）类型之前for a given district给定的地区as well as= and