高考语法复习 动词不定式学案

1、.动词不定式一、不定式的根本形式不定式 主动式 被动式一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done进展式 to be doing 完成进展式 to have been doing1不定式的一般式 表示的动作通常与主要谓语所表示的动作状态同时几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 例如：We rejoiced to see her back.我们看到他回来了很快乐。 They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。2不定式的进展式 假如在主要谓语动词表示的动作发生时，不定式的

2、动作也正在进展，这时不定式就要用进展式。 例如：Her uncle seemed to be acting strangely towards her.她叔父对待她的所作所为看上去很怪。 They pretended to be working very hard.他们假装在努力工作。 We happened to be talking about it 我们恰好正谈到件事。 We did not expect you to be sleeping here.我们没想到你在这睡觉。3不定式的完成式 不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，这个不定式用完成式，即to have done例如

3、：It is not like her to have missed two days of classed.误了两天的课，这不像她的行为。 I am sorry to have done that.我那样做很抱歉。 You are said to have got some tickets for the concert.据说你有几张这场音乐会的票。 She seems to have read the book before.她好似看过这本书。4不定式的完成进展式。 假如不定式的表示不是正在进展的动作，而是在谓语所表示时间前一直进展的动作，就要用完成进展式 。例如：They are sai

4、d to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.=It is said that they have been collecting.据说他们一直在云南搜集民歌。 They suspected us to having been puarreling. 他们还疑心我们刚刚吵过架呢。 We are happy to have been working with you. 我们很快乐这段时间和你们 在一起工作。5不定式的被动式 1假如不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式 to be done例如：These clothes a

5、re to be washed as soon as possible. 这些衣服要尽早洗。 It takes 80 years for Mediteranean Water to be changed with Atlantic water. 地中海的水需要员80年才能同大西洋的水交换一次。 The new play to be put on tonight will be very interesting. 今晚要上演的新剧将非常有趣。 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never to be broken. 早钣前去打

6、水对我来说是永远不能打破的惯例。98年上海高考 2有些构造中不定式虽然表示被动意思，但用的却是主动形式，这是因为在句子中能找到不定式这个动作的发出者。 例如：Give her some books to read. 给她些书看。有时候用不定式的主动式或被子动式表达的意义是不一样的。例如：I have some letters to write. 我有许多信要写。 I have some letters to be writen . 我有许多信要让人写。 Do you have anything to take to the library? 你有什么东西需要拿到图书馆去吗？是由你亲自拿去Do

7、you have anything to be taken to the library? 你有什么东西需要拿到图书馆去吗？是由别人带去3在There be 句型中作定语修饰主语的不定式用主动式和被子动形式都有可以。多用主动形式 例如：There are a lot of letters to write to be written 有许多信要写。 There is no chance to lose to be lost 时机失去不能再有。另外有些词用主动形式表示被子动意义：例如：He is to blame for not driving carefully 他粗心驾驶应受到责备。6不定式

8、的否认式不定式的否认式是在to符号前加 not，有时用never ,即not to do sth , never to do sth.例如：He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon.今天下午不能去游泳他很绝望。 I warn them not to go out alone.我告诫他们不要单独出去。 You must promise never to smoke.你必容许再也不抽烟。 I advised people not to have hamburgers.我劝人们不要吃汉堡包。 动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、

9、状语、补足语、同位语等， 但不能作谓语，不定式可有自己的逻辑主语，即for sb to do sth, of sb to do sth一、 作主语To do that sort of thing is foolish.To learn English well is very important. 注：常用形式主语it 代替不定式置于主语位置，不定式移至句末。 It would be better for you to go there. 二、 作表语To see is to believe.To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die . 注

10、：1、主语是不定式时，表语必须用不定式，而不用Ving形式。 2不定式用表语时常用来表示预定要发生的动作， 或表示将来的可能性或假设。 3当主语部分有do 的某种形式时，to 可省略。 All you have to do is to finish the job quickly.三、 作宾语Fred didnt have any money , so he decided to look for a job .He promised not to tell anyone about it . 注：只跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford ,agree, ask , decide , deman

11、d , expect, fail , help , hope , manage , offer , plan , prepare , pretend , promise , refuse , seem , wish , learn 等。四、 作定语Do you have anything to say ?There are a lot of TV sets to choose from .We found a house to live in .注；1、不定式作定语时， 通常与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词为不及物时， 应当加上适当的介词。 2、当谓语是一些特定的动词时， 如：gi

12、ve , find , have , need, want 等，后面的名词宾语或表语可以用不定式修饰。 He gave us a week to think the problem over . 3、当名词有特定的定语，如：first , last , next , only等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时， 其后用不定式。 He is the only person to know the truth . 4. 一些要求不定式作宾语的动词转化为名词后，仍可带一个不定式作定语。如： agreement , attempt , decision ,promise wish , plan 等。 Sh

13、e has a great wish to travel around the world .五、 作状语 一、目的状语I must leave now to get there on time.注：作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in order 或 so as ，但so as 不能用于句首。 He spoke loudly so as to be heard . 二、结果状语常用构造：1 So +adj./adv. +as to do sth He is not so stupid as to do that .2.Such +adj.+ n +as to do sth Im such a f

14、ool as to believe that .3.Enough + n +to do sth I have enough money to buy it4.N /adj./adv. +enough + to do sth She isnt old enough to go to school.5.Too + adj./adv. + to do sth Im too tired to walk any further tonight .注：不定式表示结果时， 常与only 连用，暗示“意外的结果。 He went to the seaside only to be drowned In 193

15、5, he left home never to return . What have I done to offend you ? He lived to be a very old man . 三、原因状语They jumped with joy to hear the news .The children felt happy to be with their parents.四、方式状语常与as if , as though 连用He raised his hand as if to take off his hat .五、不定式修饰作表语或宾语补足语的形容词Im very glad

16、to see you again .注：有时不定式可与主语构成动宾关系。 She is easy to get on with. English is not so difficult to learn .六、作宾语补足语1 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth 主要动词有：advise, ask , want , beg , order, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect , forbid , force, hire , intend , invite, order permit ,persuade, remind, require, t

17、each, tell, warn等 Allow me to introduce Mr White to you . 2. 表示见解、看法的动词 + 宾语 + to do sth 主要动词有：believe, consider, declare, discover, feel , find, imagine, judge, suppose, think , understand等。I found the news to be true .I consider him to have done wrong .注： 这类动词后作补语的不定式通常是to be 或to have done3. 知觉动词

18、+ 宾语 + 不带着to 的不定式 主要有： see, notice, watch , look at , listen to , observe , hear , feel The policeman observed the thief walk into the shop . 注：在被动句中不定式要带to .4. 役使动词 + 宾语 + 不带to 的不定式 主要动词有：make, have, let Dont make the children do such heavy work . 注：在被动句中不定式要带to . 但是， have一般不用被动；let用于被动，不定式带to 与否均可

19、。5表示好恶的动词 + 宾语 + to do sth 主要动词 有：dislike , like , prefer, hate , love , want 等 I like people to tell the truth .注：此类动词不用被动。6 动词短语 + 宾语+ to do sth 主要动词有： arrange for安排 , ask for , call on , count on依赖 , depend on ,long for 渴望, rely on ,wait for 等 Im waiting for you to reply .七、 插入语式的独立构造。To tell you

20、 the truth , I dont like maths .八、 作同位语Our wish , to build China into powerful socialist country , will surely be realized.He gave me the order to start the attack.He followed the instruction to walk along the street .动词不定式不带to 的用法1、在see , look at , watch , notice , observe , hear, listen to , feel

21、等感觉动词后，不定式作宾语补足语时不带to .e.g Mary saw John cross the street .但在被动语态中，不定式要带to .2、在make , let , have 等役使动词后，不定式不带to .e.g You must make him do that at once .但在被动语态中，make后不定式要带to .而have ,let 没有被动语态用法。3、在had better , had best , had rather , had sooner , would rather 等构造中，动词不定式不带to .e.g I'd rather stop

22、here now . He said that he would rather do it right now .4、连接词rather than ,rather than 之后的不定式不带to ，其常用构造为：1 would rather do sth than do sth = Rather than do sth ,sb would do sth else.2 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 3 insist on doing sth rather than do sth4 would sooner do sth than do sth 5 may

23、/ might as well do sthA as do sth B 与其说B不如说A6 would just as soon do sth as do sth .5、在“Will you please +不定式，“Would you please +不定式一类表示邀请或命令的句型中，动词不定式不带to .6、在"Why " "Why not "一类表示提出忠告或建议的句型中，不定式不带to.7、在do nothing but, do anything but ,cannot but ,cannot choose but 只好,cannot help

24、but 不得不之后动词不定式不带to .但have no choicealternative but to do sth.e.g It is raining hard . I cannot help but stay at home . I have no choice but to do this work .8在介词 but ,except , besides 之后，主要用于否认句。假如这些词前有do 的某种形式，那么不定式不带to .9、在let go 放开，make believe假装,make do 设法应付等固定搭配中，不定式不带to e. g a. He let go the d

25、og . b. Let us make believe we have a million dollars .10.当主语由一个以do 为谓语动词的定语从句修饰时；当主语是主语从句，并且句中有do 时； 当主语是to do 作定语修饰的thing时，作表语的不定式可以带to ，也可以不带to .e.g All that we have to do is topractise speaking English every day .11、两个或两个以上句法功能一样的动词不定式并列使用时，第一个不定式带to ,第二个不定式常不带to .一、 动词不定式精练：1.I think your mothe

26、r has already known all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told2. _ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm . A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job . A. exp

27、ected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Robert is said _abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in . A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying5. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier , _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make

28、C. not making D. do not make6. I would love _ to the party last night , but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation . A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. Paul doesnt

29、 have to be made _ . He always works hard .A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9.We agreed _ here but so far he hasnt turned up yet . 老师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模拟。如领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边放录音，一边幼儿反复倾听，在反复倾听中体验、品味。 A. having met B. meeting C. to me

30、et D. to have met10.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to11.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment .A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing12. Though he had often made his little sister _ , t

31、oday he was made _ by his little sister . A. cry , to cry B. crying , crying C. cry , cry D. to cry , cry13. How foolish the Emperor was _ what the cheats said. A. believing B. believed C. to believe D. to be believed14. She pretended _ me when I passed by . A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see

32、 D. having not seen15. In order to improve her hearing ability , _ .A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes .B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father16. _ his English , he spent much time _ English novels . A. Improve , t

33、o read B. To improve , reading C. To improve, read D. Improved , reading17. I felt it an honor _ to speak here . A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked18. Would you mind_ me ten cents ? I would like _ a telephone call .A. to lend , to make B. lending , making C. to lend, making, D. lendi

34、ng , to make19. Tom happened _ in the room when the stranger came in . A. working B. to be working C. to work D. to be worked 20. _ the little boy , he kicked off his shoes and jumped into the river . A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved21. Since you find it difficult _ a decision , youd be

35、tter _ a discussion with your parents. A. reach , have B. reaching, having C. reach, having D. to reach , have22. The boy pretended _ a book when his father came into his room with his teacher. A. to be reading B. to read C. reading D. read23. -Do you have any clothes _ ,sir ? -No, thanks. I had my

36、son _ them this morning .A. to wash , washed B. to be washed , wash C. washing, wash D. to wash , washing24. Did you notice the little boy _ away ? A. took the candy and ran B. taking the candy and run C. take the candy and run D. taking the candy and ran25. Im sorry I cant help _ the radio . A. fix

37、ing B. you fixing C. in fixing D. you fix26. He loves parties . He is always the first _ and the last _ .A. coming, leaving B. to come , to leave C. come , leave D. comes , leaves27. These are the materials _ to the countryside next week . A. sent B. to send C. to be sent D. sending28.We are very an

38、xious _ the stories _ in English. A. reading , writing B. to read, writing C. reading , written D. to read, written29.I came _ as well as _ the truth about the accident. A. seeing you, to learn of B. seeing you , learning of C. to see you , learn of D. to see you, to learn of30.Mrs Smith warned her

39、daughter _ after drinking . A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive31. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake .2019 A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned32. -Mum , why do you always make me eat egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutritio

40、n as you are growing up . A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting33. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _it more difficult . A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 34. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard . A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning35. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet . A. having met B. meeting C. to meet