四六级翻译——中国传统节日翻译练习与词汇

1、Vocabulary二十四节气 the 24 seasonal division points民族 ethnic group重阳节 Double Ninth Festival腊八粥 laba porridge春联 New years scrolls庙会 Temple Fairs猜灯谜 guessing lantern riddles端午节 Dragon Boat Festival七夕节 the Double Seven Festival元宵节 Lantern Festival踩高跷 stilts扫墓 sweep tombs香囊 perfume pouch登高 ascending a heigh

2、t冬至 Winter SolsticeThe formal expressions of Chinese traditional festivals:春节 the Sprlng Festival （ New Yearls Day of the Chinese lunar calendar） 农历正月初一 元宵节（灯节) the Lantern Festival 农历正月十五 清明节 the Qing Ming Festival 四月五日前后 端午节 the Dragon-Boat Festiva 农历五月初五 中秋节 the MidAutumn Festival （the Moon Festi

3、val） 农历八月十五 七夕节 the Double-Seventh Day农历七月初七重阳节 the Double Ninth Festival 农历九月初九The expressions of customs:春游 spring outing 荡秋千 playing on a swing 过年 celebrate the spring festival 春联 spring festival couplets剪纸 paper-cuts年画 new year paintings买年货 do shopping for the spring festival ; do spring festiva

4、l shopping敬酒 propose a toast灯笼 lantern 烟花 fireworks爆竹 firecrackers (people scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.) 舞狮 lion dance (the lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good

5、 luck.)舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲 traditional opera杂耍 variety show 灯谜 riddles written on lanterns灯会 exhibit of lanterns守岁 staying-up拜年 pay new years call; give new years greetings; pay new years visit禁忌 taboo去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one

6、s ancestors压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar new year gift 辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning年糕 nian-gao; rise cake; new year cake 团圆饭 family reunion dinner 年夜饭 the dinner on new years eve 饺子 jiao-zi; chinese meat ravioliTranslation1. 中国的传统节日拥

7、有丰富的文化意义和悠久的历史，组成了中华文化重要辉煌的一部分。 节日的形成是一个国家历史文化积累起来的漫长过程。一些历史人物被赋予永恒的纪念渗入节日，所有这些，都融合凝聚节日的内容里，使中国的节日有了深沉的历史感。中国土地广袤有许多民族，不同民族在不同的地方有不同的节日。甚至在同一个节日，他们也遵习不同的风俗。在这里我们介绍一些重要普遍的节日。事实上，这些传统节日吸收了不同地域许多民族的营养，是整个中国的珍贵文化遗产。Boasting rich cultural meaning and a long history, traditional Chinese festivals compose

8、an important and brilliant part of Chinese culture. The formation of traditional festivals is a long process of historical and cultural accumulation in a nation. Sometimes historical figures become the focus of a festival, showing peoples commemoration for them and endowing some historical sense to

9、it. As China is a vast land and has many ethnic groups, different ethnic groups have different festivals in different places. Even on the same festival, they follow different customs. Here we introduce some important and commonly celebrated festivals. In fact, these traditional festivals have absorb

10、ed nourishment from different regions and various ethnic cultures and are a precious cultural heritage for the whole Chinese nation.2. 传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物。大多数传统节日都源自于人们在农业生产生活中对丰收的期盼、对天地神灵和自然的崇拜、以及对历史人物的祭奠等等。中国传统节日深深植根于农耕文化之中，在演变过程中深受儒家思想的影响。透过传统节日可以反映一个民族的文化特色和民族精神。从某种程度而言，中国传统节日已经渐渐摆脱原始禁忌和崇拜，演化成为体现儒家

11、和谐思想的欢庆祥和的节日。传统节日定型于汉代，在盛唐时被发扬光大,成为具有丰富内容和多样形式的弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化和传承中华传统美德的重要载体。历代的文人雅士、诗人墨客，为一个个节日谱写了许多千古名篇，使中国的传统节日包含着深厚的文化底蕴。Traditional festivals are the historical products of a nations development. Most traditional festivals originated from peoples expectation for harvest in the agricultural product

12、ion, the worship towards the gods and the nature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc. Chinese traditional festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization and greatly influenced by Confucianism in the term of evolution.Through traditional festivals, the distinct cultural cha

13、racteristics of a people and the national spirits can be observed. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from the primitive taboos and tended to be happy festivals which reflect the concept of harmony in Confucianism.Traditionl festivals are shaped in Han dynasty and booming in

14、 Tang dynasty,and it was at that time that traditional festivals became a important carrier of the great traditional Chinese culture and the noble traditional virtues with various forms and rich contents.Litterateurs and poets in centuries have wrriten massive amount of masterpieces for these festiv

15、als,letting traditional festivals full of deep inside cultural information.3. 中国传统节日作为一种行为层面的传统文化，根植于中国古代农耕文化，在长期的流传过程中形成了自身独特的文化内涵，体现了强大的文化凝聚力与生命力，有时甚至于文化精神，民族精神相联系，在社会发展过程中具有非常重要的作用。Chinese traditional festivals which belong to a traditional customary culture rooted in the farming culture in ancie

16、nt China.All the festivals contain their unique cultural connotations ,reflect the strong cohesion and vitality of the culture in the long historical development.They are sometimes even related to the cultural spirit and national spirit,and should play important roles in the development of society.4

17、农历九月九日，为传统的重阳节。因为古老的易经中把“六”定为阴数，为阴性，把“九”定为阳数，为阳性。九月九日，日月并阳，两九相重，故而叫重阳，也叫重九。也因为“九”与“久”谐音，古人认为是个值得庆贺的吉利日子.在古代，民间在重阳节有登高祛病的风俗，故重阳节又叫“登高节”。 登高所到之处，一般是登高山、登高塔。唐代文人写了许多重阳节的习俗；因此古人从很早就开始过此节日。The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. In an ancient bo

18、ok Yi Jing (or The Book of Changes), number 6 was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number 9 was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive. So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival. Also, as double nint

19、h was pronounced the same as the word to signify forever, the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called Height Ascending Festival. Th

20、e height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower. Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity，consequently ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.单词：菊花：chrysanthemum长寿：longevity茱萸：dogwood登高：ascend a height菊花酒：Chrysanthemum Wine重阳糕：Double Ni

21、nth Cake清 明 节（Tomb-Sweeping Day） Qing Ming Jie（All Souls Day） Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to ones deceased ancestors and family members. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a m

22、ajor Chinese festival. Literally meaning clear (Qing) and bright (Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice. It is a spring festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinese

23、being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day. Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated. 清明节是一个纪念祖先的节日。主要的纪念仪式是扫墓，扫墓是慎终追远、郭亲睦邻及行孝的具体表现；基于上述意义，清明节因此成为华人的重要节日。 清明节是在仲春和暮春之交，也就是冬至后的106天。扫墓活动通常是在清明节的前十天或后十天。有些地

24、域的人士的扫墓活动长达一个月。Solstice 至，至点 forebear 祖先 dialect 方言 legend 传奇 consternation 惊愕 commemorate 庆祝，纪念5. The Spring Festival 春节The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the very first day of the Chinese Lunar year. The celebration of the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the

25、 first day of the first lunar month and ends on the Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. The Spring Festival to the Chinese is what Christmas to the Westerners (中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节). The Spring Festival Eve 除夕The Spring Festival Eve, or the Chinese New Years Eve, is call the Danian Sa

26、nshi （大年三十）in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud firecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry back home for their family reunion on the eve. The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜饭The

27、Spring Festival Eve Dinner is known as the Dinner of Reunion. On the Eve, children away from home will all come back to enjoy a tableful of delicacies together with their parents. People in the north prefer jiaozi, the southerners like tangyuan, sweet round dumplings to indicate family reunion, and

28、niangao, which means “going higher and higher in the coming year”.Spring Festival Couples 贴春联It has been a tradition for the Chinese to paste Spring Festival couples on the doors during the Festival. Words of auspiciousness are written in the couples, which are called duilian对联, or the Pair Couplets

29、, because the words on both couplets should be equal in number, parallel in form, and attuned in meaning. Sometimes people also paste a hengpi横批, a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, above the couples. Gift Money 压岁钱On the festive occasion, young children will pay New Year calls on and expres

30、s their best wishes to their elders who, in return, will offer them yasuiqian 压岁钱, money given to children as a Spring Festival gift. The money is usually wrapped up in red paper a symbol of good fortune. Setting off firecrackers 放鞭炮Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to set off firecracker,

31、which is meant to add joy to the festivity. People wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming year. Paying New Year Calls 拜年The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among relatives, friends and neighbours. Vis

32、ing Temple Fairs赶庙会During the Festival, people visit temple fairs, where an assortment of entertaining performances takes place, including Yandko 秧歌 (a rirual folk dance popular in north China), acrobatics（杂技） and folk art shows. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易）are also the integra

33、l parts of the fair. The Lantern Festival 元宵节The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival, which coincides with the first full-moon night of the year (这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜). The major activities of the day include watching painted lanterns, solving riddles, setting off fireworks

34、, and eating yuanxiao元宵(sweet dumplings) made of glutinous glu:tins(粘的，胶装的) rice flour （糯米面，糯米粉）.Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵Eating yuanxiao 元宵on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes family reunion and happiness. Yuanxiao are made with glutinous rice flour dough, stuffed with a variety of food such as

35、red bean paste, sesame, mixed nutlets with sugar. Minced meat is another favored flavor (元宵用糯米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等). In southern China, people also eat tangyuan汤圆(like yuanxiao元宵).Watching Painted Lanterns 赏花灯On the night of the Lantern Festival, lines of painted lanterns are hung around th

36、e courtyard and along both sides of the street. The colorful lights against the full moon create quite a visual feast for people to enjoy (人们观灯赏月，其乐融融).Solving Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.The Dragon Boat Festi

37、val 端午节The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese Lunar Calendar. The story goes that the day is kept in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan 屈原who died more than 2000 years ago. Its also a day to pray for agricultural harvests as well as to drive pesti

38、lences pestilns away (同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日).Qu Yuan (339BC? 278BC?) 屈原Qu Yuan 屈原, a patriotic poet of the Chu State 楚国in ancient China, is greatly respected by people of all times, for both his fine poetry and noble character. It was on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year 278 BC after

39、 the falling of the Chu State （楚国） that Qu Yuan （屈原）gave his life to his beloved motherland by drowning himself in the river (因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲愤地投江而死).Dragon Boat Racing 赛龙舟The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. Dragon boat racing originally showed pe

40、oples wish to rescue Qu Yuan（屈原）from drowning, and gradually became a popular competitive mass sport (赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).Eating Zongzi 吃粽子Legend has it that in order to keep the fish away from eating Qu Yuans body, people would throw rice wrapped in bamboo or reed ri:d（

41、芦苇） leaves into the water to feed the fish. Thats how the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. A zongzi （粽子）is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (粽子外形为三角形或四角形), wrapped in large bamboo leaves. The ingredients

42、are mostly glutinous rice, beans, Chinese dates, or pork.Hanging Moxa 挂艾蒿Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festival in order to expelkspl（驱逐） evil spirits and to relieve peoples internal heat or fever (驱邪解毒). The sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel

43、flies and mosquitoes, and purify the air around the house. The Moon Festival 中秋节The Moon Festival or the Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of the Chinese Lunar year. It is also called the Festival of Family Reunion 团圆节, as the full moon around that time very well symbolizes h

44、arvests and reunion. It is a time for family members to get together and savourseiv尽情享受moon cakes as they admire the full moon.The Moon Cake 月饼The Cake of Reunion 团圆饼 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty, moon cakes are both the must-eat food and major gift items around the Moon Fes