初中宾语从句讲解练习及答案

1、(1) .宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1 .由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2 .由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代

2、词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?fHeaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?fIdon'tknowwhythetnaislate.3 .由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是是否"。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.fHeaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.(2) .宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为

3、陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.(3) .宾语从何的时态1 .如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon'tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2 .如果主句的时态是一

4、般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3 .如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsa

5、roundthesun.(4) .直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say,tell,ask,beg等）如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第

6、二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?"HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.Hesaid,“Youaretooclever.”HesaidtomeIwastooclever.Hesaidhewastooclever.Heasked,“IsyourfatherolderthanyourmotherHeaskedmeifmyfatherisolderthanmymother.如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的

7、人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jack(he)isagoodstudeMlr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，一般将来时变为过去将来时现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时变为过去完成时，过去完成时仍为过去完成时过去进行时仍为过去进行时某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下直接引语todaynowyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytomorrowthedayafterto

8、morrownextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetcherethisthesecomebring间接引语thatdaythen,atthatmomentthedaybeforetwodaysbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaytwodaysafter,/intwodaysthenextweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforetherethatthosegotake以下情况时态不变主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.Hesayshecleanedtheroom.直接

9、引语是客观真理Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesunr»The'teachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2daysThedoctorsaidIshouldbetterstayinbedfor2days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.fJacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语如果

10、是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。Hesaid,“IgetupatsixeverymorningsHesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now变为then；yesterday变为thedaybefore;today变为thatday.Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.»Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here变为thereHesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.Hesaidshouldgot

11、hereat7:00.指示代词变化：this变为thatHesaid,“Thisbookismine.Hesaidthatbookwashis.4、变句型陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,"I'mveryglaH.esaidthathewasveryglad.一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafternoon.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Whe

12、reisMr.Wang?HesaidwhereMr.Wangwas.直接引语是祈使句变为tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth.句型“Openthedoor,please,“saidshe.(MarSheid)skedhim(me)toopenthedoor.直接引语是let'开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句Hesaid,"Let'sgotoseethemovies.”fHesuggestedgoingtoseethemovies.fHesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethe

13、movies.练习一、单想选择1. Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2. Iwanttoknow.A.whatishisnameB.what'hisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis3. DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4. Jimdoesn'tunderstand.A.whichisthewaytothemuse

14、umB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5. -Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6. Mr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7. Couldyoutellmethebikethi

15、smorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8. -1'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9. -Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?-Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettotheposto

16、fficeC.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice10. -CanIhelpyou?-Yes.I'dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11. Hewantedtoknow.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathesgoingtodoatthemeetin

17、gD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12. -CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit13. Wouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat14. Youcan'timaginewhentheyrec

18、eivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15. Iwanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether16. -Couldyoutellme?-Sorry,Idon'tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeeting

19、C.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting17. -Couldyoutellmelastnight?-Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing18. Theteacheraskedthestudents.A. iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB. whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC. whattheywilldowiththecompu

20、tersD. howmanytreestheyhaveplanted19. Everymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad20.It'suptoyoutodecideyou'llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1 .李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。LiMingsaysinterestedinplayingcomputergame

21、s.2 .我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon'tthinkMary.3 .山姆给我说他准备去上海。SamtoldmethatheforShanghai.4 .请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？CouldyoutellmeIcangettotheBellTower?5 .父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Fathersaidthatheanewcomputer.6 .我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。IwanttoknowthereisatraintoBeijing.7 .你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Doyouknowadoubleroom?8 .请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Couldyoutellmew

22、e'regoingtobeaway?9 .叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthatheanewnovel.10 .杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhesomethingimportanttodo.直接引语与间接引语练习请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语：1. “Inevereatmeat.d.hesaiHesaidthatnevermeat.2. “Ihavefoundmywallet."hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.3. Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.4. “Youmustcomeherebeforefive."hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.5. Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthat