初三中考英语阅读理解专题之细节题讲义教案(含练习答案)

1、学员编号:课时数:11学员姓名:辅导科目：英语学科教师:教学目标使学生了解阅读理解细节题的考察方式和解题技巧授课类型TC阅读理解细节题星级授课日期及时段教学内容C-专题细节决定成败，让我们先从攻克细节题开始吧!批注：通过两幅小漫画向学生展示重视细节的重要性，其实这也是中考阅读中学生特别需要注意的地方，因为不 细心导致的题目失分是最不该的。培养细心的第一步就从阅读理解细节题目开始吧！只要有耐心，细节题基本全 部可以做对。（建议20分钟）让我们像杰克船长一样乘风破浪去寻宝吧！ ！ ！阅读理解细节题细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对

2、文章所提供信息的理解能力。阅读最基本的要求是能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息对这种获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这 类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好 这类题。岑*二、阅读理解细节题设题方式此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量 等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息, 可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文

3、章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是:1. True or NOT true是非判断类Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following is NOT considered as ?According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons forWhich of the following

4、 statements is right?中2.特殊疑问词提问类How many ?What/who/when/where/how/why $3.表唯一细节概念题类型the most / est4. the only排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?Choose the right order of this passage.95.例证题类型The author gives the example in也V 6. From this passage we knowparagraph in order to、

5、阅读理解细节题技巧点拨仔细阅读文章后的问题， 根据问题中的关键词或词组 ，以此作为线索，返回文章查找相关的句子，用相关的 这个句子对照选项，意思一致的就是答案。田w 1.题干定位法细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词what, when,where, who, whose, how, why 等弓I出。做这样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，然后通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。命题者在出这

6、类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。例题精讲例文1:It ' s 2021. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you thinking these days. When you leave, she gives you some medicine, but also a list of

7、thinking skills that you are supposed to practise daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness. （2011 年长宁区二模第一段） 1. According to the passage, when you leave the hospital, the doctor gives you some medicine and as well.A. checks your feverB. looks at your throatC. tells you

8、the reasons of your illnessD. advises you to practise thinking skills批注：首先进行题干定位，发现出现在第一段，让后可以在文中找寻需要信息，可以确定答案是D。本题的A、B、C是干扰性，原文都有涉及，但却和题干的"when you leave the hospital ”不符合。此外，本题的as well（也） 和原文的but also（而且）属于同义替换，也是解答本题的一条线索。例文2：When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to p

9、roduce a chemical called adrenaline （肾上腺素）. Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heart beat. （2011 年长宁区二模第四段） 2. A chemical called adrenaline can speed up.A. your breathing and heart beatB. your blood runningC. your brain thinkingD. your body relaxing批注：首先定位本题主干在原文的位置，然后把选项和原文信息进行比较，答案是AoTak

10、e Action for a Better World: Volunteers NeededSix months ' preparatin Denmark: Africa studies, team work combined with social work with risk group teenagers.Six months ' community work in Malawi iPeople to People Projects : Child Aid, HIV / AIDS. Fights and Teacher Training.Qualifications（条件

11、）：18 years, hard-working and social engagement.Please contact us by email: takeaction betterworld. ComPart-time Work with Exchange StudentsYOUTH International is a non-profit high school foreign exchange student organization. We welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host fam

12、ilies. The Community Representative is a part-time position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money.Applicants（申请人）best suited for this work should enjoy teenagers, have a strong interest in cross-cultural communication, and feel

13、comfortable networking. Full training and support will be provided through branch offices throughout the U.S. Positions available in most states.If interested, please email staff youth. org or call 888-123-9872.International Summer JobHi, I am an ESL student in China. I' m 20, quiet and polite,

14、and I speak reasonable English. Isummer job in an English-speaking country. I can teach Chinese or do house and garden work, and cook Chinese dishes. Can anybody offer me a job? I don' t need to earn much, just enough in 2Augntsts （oipyiy for myreturn ticket to China. My goal is to improve my En

15、glish and see a bit more of the world.My email is: ram3462hotmail.ComCall for Native Speakers of EnglishI am looking for native speakers of English to join in an experiment. This experiment is carried out over the Internet. You don ' aneedecific knowledge other than understanding and speaking En

16、glish at a native level. The first task will take you around 15 minutes. After this task, you can decide whether you want to continue the experiment. The tasks involve reading texts and designing questions and answers.If you are willing to help me, then please email me: club3864 1. Who is suitable t

17、o work as a Community Representative in YOUTH International?A. One who enjoys working with teenagers from different countries.B. One who hopes to take action in fighting against diseases.C. One who has a strong desire to improve his or her English.D. One who wants to earn some pocket money in the pr

18、ogram.批注：选A。根据题干中的关键题 YOUTH International可知，此题答案一定在第二个表格中。再根据其中的eenagers from over 80 countries 以及should enjoy teenagers 可知答案选 A。2. Where will Jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work in Malawi?A. In some local offices in the US.B. In an ESL organization in China.C. In a pre

19、paration program in Demark.D. In an exchange student center in Africa.批注：选Co根据题干中的关键题volunteer和work in Malawi可知，此题答案一定在第一个表格中。再根据其中的 Six months ' preparation in Denmark可知答案选 C。3. If Mrs Black in the U.S. hopes to learn some Chinese at home, she may contact .A. takeactionB. ram3462C. club3864D. s

20、批注：选B。根据题干中的关键题hopes to learn some Chinese at home可知，此题答案一定在第三个表格中，故答案选BoW 2.跳读捕捉信息法针对这样的题目，同学们只要运用Skimming （略读）的方法，先整体上阅读文章，然后从原文中找到相关语句进行理解分析，就可以确定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。例题精讲例文1:Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain ne

21、ar my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his life. He always told me, "You should have goals like climbing the mountain." Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn't have enough time to s

22、pend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience （ 耐 力）.Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During

23、 the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers, trees, and the birds' singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that moment, but my father said to me, "You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountai

24、n, but you can't see it before you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like in life."At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence . I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which w

25、as as clear as crystal （水晶）.1. The writer as he was climbing the mountain. Which answer is not right?A. was in deep thought B. enjoyed the flowers, trees and the birds' singing C. developed his patience D. made a plan for himself 批注：本题是一道典型的是非判断细节题。是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其

26、主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不 要所答非所问。我们只需把四个选项和原文描述进行对比，和原文信息不符的选项就是本题的答案。A.选项和原文 “ During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers, trees, and the birds' singing ” 同 义,B.、 C.选项和原文 “It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in dee

27、p thought as well as develop my patience （耐力）.”同义。因此本题答案是 D.。2. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The writer had a lot of conversations with his father as he was climbing the mountain.B. The writer had enough time to spend together with his father as he was climbing the mountain.C. It was easy f

28、or the writer to climb to the top of the mountain at the age of ten. D. The writer used to climb the mountain with his father near his house.批注：本题也是一道是非判断题，老师需要引导学生把四个选项带到原文中进行对比，不符合原文信息的选项即 为答案。同时，老师需要提醒学生，如果发现其中一个选项特别明显地不符合原文意思，直接可以确定答比4 口这 C. 项和原Itwas so challenging for me because I wS Stonytenye

29、ars因此本题答C是例攵:You can make a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist totry toWhat can you do about stress? First, yyu teanlhange fthbhgwaso you' strunder so mi youfriendBusometiryosDan ChanastressSUluatiOSgmetimoudonevewartgAbigchangemight be a good change, but it will qOMbets

30、tressfu!最后一段)3. Which of the foHowNOT reducGastPessng to the passage?A. Making a plan about your homework.B. Asking a psychologist for help.C. Going to your family or friends for help.D. Eating some sweet food.批注：本疸是一道细节是非判断题。看到题干中划线部分我们快速浏览全文，可以知 选项带入段落进行验证在发现是没有涉及的，呵答案是陈习The:hildrenonjusplaranycit

31、yThemaandanalyZeO thehousinsgnergyn (transportation requiremonfeeiowndistriOndoreteitsneeds lOCyearWVitttheaidof anarchitect()WhoiovisitsheclassroglTCaweekheynverrtewvaytgme曲eseeedsmuildmodeg theic reat ns. 'Desigrbugdinosthefuturgiveshildrenlotof freedo布aytheteachwihodevelopesipr ogram:Theyeble

32、gus左heiowrTichimaginatigldnventigwS:hoUe aof blambecausiere renowronanswersa futureonte灿 factastheclasenteithefinamodel-builstagof theorogreramanelectedofficiand planngrgupmakellthedesigdecisicfosthemodefityandheteachsteplsacancbecomaniadviser.I.Anarchitecaya weeklyisittotheclassroomA.tofindoulkidSc

33、reativdeas B.todiscussththeteacherC.togivechildrencturesD.tohelpddswiththeiprogram批注：Dfc 卞6据球SWiththeaidofanarchitecthovisitsheclassrocomce weeKheynvent newvayso meetheseeedsndbuildmodelsftheircreatiorW 知答 DfeJ 中 的id 意为帮助与help义。2.Whos thedesignofrtheorogram?A.Anofficial.C.A teacher.B.Anarchitect.D.A

34、 scientist.批注：Cfe 卞g据锻中的theteacherhodevelopedsprogramT知答Cfedevelopdesign在此大致同义。由'3.首尾定位法这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事,牛发匕 这种题时可不席定位法即最先判断第一个找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩力速选出正确答案。例题精讲例文：Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. " Football, tennis, cric keta

35、nything with a round ball, I was useless, he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one alw ays made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England.It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began

36、 to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway ' school of adventure in Scot

37、land, where he learnt about Ridgway ' sold -water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he coul d about North Pole explorers and adventures, the decided that this would be his future.In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards t

38、he Nort h Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the lim it, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he' skied more of th e North Pole b

39、y himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900- kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.1. Which of the following is the correct order of the

40、events that happened to Saunders?a. He ran his first marathon.b. He skied alone in the North Pole.c. He rode his bike in a forest.d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.A. a-c-d-bB. c-d-a-bC. a-c-b-dD. c-a-b-d批注：题目要求我们按事件发生时间来进行排序。根据首尾定位法，第一步是c. He rode his bike in a forest,最后一步是 d. He planned

41、 an adventure to the South Pole,故答案选 D。（建议10分钟）Choose the best answer （根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）AIn the 1500s, South American fishermen said that the sea became warmer every few years. They gave this special event a Spanish name 'El Nino', meaning 'the baby'. It is called 'the baby' b

42、ecause it arrives around Christmas.El Nino is a huge area of warm water in the middle of cold water in the Pacific Ocean. It happens every two to seven years. It moves around the ocean and becomes bigger and smaller at different times. This warm water affects the weather.It is always raining over El

43、 Nino. El Nino contains a lot of energy. Scientists think this energy is formed when wind comes from the northern half of the world. The winds blow across warm sea water in the south. When the strong wind hits the warm water, violent weather happens. Scientists think that El Nino existed for many th

44、ousands of years.El Nino affects every person in the world because it affects the entire world's weather. It can bring the rain that farmers need. It can bring storms that destroy homes. It can mean that fishermen cannot catch fish, and it can bring floods. There is nothing we can do about El Ni

45、no. It is an event of nature. We can help the world's weather by trying to stop the greenhouse effect and air pollution. The most important job for scientists is to learn how to predict when El Nino is going to bring dangerous weather. Then, people can try to prepare for storms, floods and droug

46、hts. New technology like satellite pictures and temperature measuring equipment can help. Still, it is very hard to say when or where El Nino will cause damage.1. El Nino is.A. a storm that hits every two yearsC. a wind from the south2. It happens.A. every yearC. every seven years3. El Nino.A. makes

47、 the weather betterC. gives the weather energy4. It is always over EI Nino.A. sunnyB. cloudy5. El Nino affects.A. everybodyC. only fishermen6. We can help the world's weather byA. finding out more about El NinoC. driving cars7 .helps to predict El Nino.8 . a huge area of warm waterD. some cold w

48、ater in the Pacific OceanB. every monthD. every two to seven yearsB. affects the weatherD. predicts the weatherC. rainyD. windyB. just farmersD. only studentsB. being careful during the floodsD. stopping the greenhouse effectB. Checking the weather each day D. New boatsA. Looking out of the windowC.

49、 Satellite pictures Keys: B D B C A D CBYou may know that more people drink coffee than tea around the world. And that, after oil, it is the second biggest traded commodity （商品）.You may also know that the drink comes from beans which are first roasted and then ground. But what else do you know about

50、 this popular drink?It is said that the story of coffee started with an Ethiopian goatherd named Kaldi. One day Kaldi was surprised to see that his goats were behaving very strangely instead of grazing （吃草）quietly, they were jumping around, almost dancing. He also noticed some red “ cherries "

51、from a plant that the goats were eating. He tried some himself and wasrprised by the feeling of extreme happiness and excitement. He felt like dancing tool.But it wasn 't used as a drink at first it was used as food. The coffee berries, mixed with animal fat, were used by monks to stay awake dur

52、ing long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee was later cultivated in Yemen and the first hot drink was developed there around AD 1000. Three centuries later Muslims were keen coffee drinkers and as Islam spread, so did coffee. Coffee houses appeared in Cairo and Mecca.For hundreds of years the pl

53、ants were protected safely. But some beans were smuggled （偷运）out of Arabia and takento India, in the 17th century, coffee was soon grown in a new continent. From India to Indonesia, a century later the beans were once again smuggled to Brazil. Brazil is now the largest coffee producer in the world.It was the caffeine (咖啡因)that made the goats dance and kept the monks awake. Although it is found in other soft drinks and tea, coffee has the most caffeine. In the shot term, a