复合句知识点讲解及练习

1、宾语从句中考考点宾语从句即在复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。 它属于名词性从句。它既可以作主 句谓语动词宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。 中 考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。考向导航高频考向一 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：We believe (that) he is hon es我 们相信他是诚实的。 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来， 其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下， 二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用 whethero 如：I don't kn o

2、w if/whether she will e here我不知道她是否将来这儿。Sorry， I don't know whether he will e or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：Could you tell me where the post office is?你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？The teacher asked the stude nts what they were doin教问学生他们正在做什么。高频考向二 宾语从句的时态宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：

3、 主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要 根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工 作。 主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：She said she missed us very muc她说她非常想念我们。 从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现 在时。如：He said that the sun is bigger tha n the eart他说太阳比地球大。高频考向三宾语

4、从句的语序1 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即引导词+主语+谓语+其他。如：I wa nt to know whe n the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。2. do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：Who do you think he is talking with ?你认为他正在和谁交谈？【注意】由do，does, did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do,does, did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：“ Does he sing we? &

5、quot; The music teacher asked him.The music teacher asked him if/whetherhe sang well 这个音乐教师想知道他唱得 是否很好。如果是will，be，have, can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词 复原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：“ Will you be free tomorrow " She asked me.She asked me if/whether I would be free tomorro诚也问我明天是否是空闲的。当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词

6、是think, guess, believe等动词且接有否认的that宾语从句时，常将否认词提前到主句中。如：I don't thi nk that Alice is an America n我认为艾丽丝不是美国人。高频考向四宾语从句的转化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一样，且谓语动词是hope, wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：I hope that I can see you aga in.=I hope to see you again我希望能再次见到你。 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一样，且谓语动词是know, remember, forget，lear

7、n等时，从句可转化为 疑问词+不定式"结构。如：I don't know what I should say.=I don't kn ow what to say我不知道该说什么。 当主句的谓语动词是 ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的 间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为 不定式结构或 疑问词+不定式结构。如：Mr. Hu tells us that we should n't draw on the wall.=Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wal I胡教师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。Will

8、you please tell me where I can buy stamps?=Will you please tell me where to buy stamps?你能告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票 吗？中考考点状语从句状语从句即在复合句中作状语的句子。根据其用途可分为九类。中考对状语从句 考查的重点是引导词和时态。考向导航咼频考向一一状语从句的种类从讨"引挣词时间状 语从句表斥右旬动作 发生的时间whili wliiK 11 as uticiL jis scion as * iMforr* aficr*地点状表示士可动 作发生的地 点他£.vn-rr- whi-rcvt

9、-r临罔状 语从句说明主句动件发生的原因because* cr* since» <is糸件状 i?i从旬崔期4旬动 伍的完成所 需耍的条件if, unless结果狀 蔚从句表m主句动 作发生的后 果或带响让步狀 语从句表明主句发生 该动作时的一 种辻步雄(InHixH>ciiallhmihtin thfinrr 亠矗问诃比软狀我明土句比软 的对象和结果t llHtL- HS+1B ilS- I Hit 刊卜方式狀 语从句表明卜何完成该动作钢1方式as il lliongli as目的狀 聒从句表明主谓行为 动作的甘的sc ihnl« in()r<l<

10、T lha(如：I'll let you know as soon as she e她一来，我就会让你知道。（时间状语从句）I won't go with you because I am busy doing my homework now.我不会跟你去，因为现在我正忙着做作业。（原因状语从句）If it rains tomorrow，we'll stay at home如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。（条件状 语从句）Although he is not rich，he lives happily尽管他不富有，但是他生活得很幸福。（让 步状语从句）He got up

11、very early this morning in order that he could catch the first bus.为了能赶 上第一班公交车，他早上起得很早。（目的状语从句）It was such a cold day that n obody wan ted to go out天 气那么冷，没人想出去。（结果状语从句）wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog无 论他哪里，他总是带着他的宠物 狗。（地点状语从句）Carol speaks En glish as well as you do卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。（比拟状语

12、从 句）The child talked to us as if he were a grow n-up .那个孩子和我们谈起话来像个成年 人似的。（方式状语从句）【注意】so与because, though/although与 but不能在句中同时出现。高频考向二状语从句与主句时态的一致性1. 主句为祈使句、一般将来时态或由情态动词表示将来的动作时，if引导的条件状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句与 when, as soon as, until等引导的时间 状语从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：Don't go and play football if you don&

13、#39;t finish your homework. 女口果你不完成家庭作 业，你就不要去踢足球。He won't leave un til you agree with him.直到你同意他，他才会离开。2. si nee引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态，主句如此用现在完成时态（“It hasbee n. sinc3从句结构"）。如：Uncle Wang has worked in the factory si nee it ope ned in 199自从 1995 年那家工厂开办以来，王叔叔便在那里工作了。It is （has bee n） ten years si

14、nee we left that city我 们离开那个城市已经十年了。3. 主句为过去时态时，状语从句也应用过去时态的某一种形式。如： Yesterday Meimei did n't e to school because her mother was i昨天梅梅没来上学 是因为她妈妈病了。 When I was a child, father had told me that story.我还是小孩子的时候爸爸便已给我讲过那个故事了。4. 当主从句的动作均发生在过去时，注意含when, while引导的时间状语从句的主从句时态的一致性： 主从复合句中，主句谓语动词动作在从句谓语动

15、词动作之前发生，且进展的时间较长时，主句用过去进展时，从句用一般过去时。如：Mother was cook ing dinner whe n I got home yesterday昨 天我至 U家时妈妈正在做饭。 从句中谓语动作先于主句中谓语动词动作发生，且进展的时间较长时，从句用过去进展时，主句用一般过去时。如：When the stude nts were hav ing a meeti ng, the teacher came i 学生们正在开会时， 教师进来了。 假如主从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从 句可同时使用过去进展时。如：While Han M

16、eimei was sweep ing the floor, Lucy was carry ing water韩梅梅在扫地, 而露西在挑水。 主句动作和从句动作都已完成，如此先发生的动作可用过去完成时态，后发生的动作用一般过去时态。如：When they got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 他们至U电影院 时，电影已放映了五分钟。定语从句中考考点定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词w

17、hen，where，why等引出。中考对定语从句考查的重点是定语从句 的关系词。考向导航高频考向一定语从句的关系词1. who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、 宾语等。如：Is he the man who/that wants to see yo?他是想见你的那个人吗？He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday他 是昨天我看到的那个人。2. which, that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾 语等。如：Mary likes music that/which is quiet an

18、d gen tie 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。The coat (that/which) I put o n the desk is blue我 放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。3. whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语。如：Please pass me the book whose cover is greet把圭寸面是绿色的那本书递给我。4. 关系副词有when, where, why，它们在句中作状语。如：r II n ever forget the days whe n we studied togethei我 永远忘不了我们一起学习的那 些日子。This is the city where

19、my father worked ten years ago这是我爸十年前工作的城市。高频考向二关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seei这是我所看过的 最激烈的一场足球赛。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first thi ng that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。3. 当先行词为 all, everything, nothing,

20、something, anything, little , much, none 等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class我 们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。rm goi ng to buy everyth ing that I n eed.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。4.当先行词前面有only, just, very, any, no等词修饰时。如：That's the onl

21、y thi ng that we can do now那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。9 / 215 当先行词指代的既含有人又含有物时。如：They are talki ng about things and pers ons that they rememberec他们正在谈论他们 所能回忆起来的人或事。高频考向三关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况1 当先行词为all, any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：Anyone who breaks the law will be puni shed任何某某的人都会受到惩罚。2. 当先行词为that, this, those或the

22、se且指人时。如：Those who had n't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the wait ing hall.那些还 没买着票的人挤在候车厅里。3. 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：The guest (who/whom) I'll first in troduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们 的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few friends of mine, among w

23、hom was my old classmate我遇见几位朋友， 其中一位是我的老同学。活学活用'W時云百雜二更三一、 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。(原创)1. This morning my mother asked me where Julia(go) last weekend.2. Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday?Sorry, I don't know if he(go). But I know he has no in terest in sports.3. I don't know where she(e

24、) from.4. What are you doing un der the desk?rm look ing for the pen that I(buy) yesterday.5. Qian Xuesen passed away on October 31,2009, at the age of 98but he is a manwho still(en courage) Chin ese youth.6. The stories that(write) by Mark Twa in are ofte n humorous.二、用适当的连词填空。7. rd like to knowwe

25、will go camp ing.Maybe in the forest.8. Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell methe Belt and Road means?It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.9. Mr. Gree n, do you knowour summer camp begi ns?July 10th. It will last a mon th.10. he had failed many times, he d

26、id n't give up and succeeded in the end.11. I will be very happyyou e to my party.12. Dad, whe n did you e back from the farmla nd yesterday?Well, I did n't e backthe rain stopped.13. Mike, what were your parents doing at 8 00 last night?My mother was readi ngmy father wasplay ing puter game

27、s.14. The sky is dark and redthe sun is rising behind the cloud.15. They were too late,they got to the fashion show, it had been over.三、用适当的关系代词填空。16. I want to visit a placeis famous for its scenery.17. Please show me the bookcover is red.18. This is the very booktells many English stories.19. Con

28、fucius was a famous philosopher （哲学家）has in flue need the world greatly.20. Every onehas bee n to Sha nghai says it is a moder n city.考点跟踪突破复合句宾语从句一、把如下各句改为宾语从句。1. The teacher asked me “Will you be a volunteer?"The teacher asked me if be a volunteer.2. “ Who is responsible for the food safety p

29、roblem? " asked the reporter.The reporter asked resp on sible for the food safety problem.3. John asked “Can you look after my pet dog?"John asked I look after his pet dog.4. Does the earth go around the sun? Susa n wan ted to know.Sua n wan ted to know the earth around the sun.5. Does her

30、 daughter take an umbrella with her? Mrs. Brow n wan ted to know.Mrs. Brow n wan ted to know her daughter an umbrella with her or not.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。6. He asked if the light (travel) faster than sound.7. Our teacher told us that the sun (rise) in the east and (set) in the west.8. I will take back wh

31、at I (say).9. We did n't know that Lucy (be) an America n girl.10. Anna said that she (make) Chinese friends in China soon.11. Jack wants to know how much the car (cost) him.12. I hope that I (visit) Beijing soon.13. Can you find out that our city (change) a lot in recent years?三、用适当的引导词填空。14. T

32、he police wondered handbag it was.15. I'm thinking ofwe should go to see the film.16. Do you know positive energy means.17. Could you tell me people eatyua nxiao in Chi na?At the Lantern Festival.18. Ms. Petty, can you tell me the baby giraffe es from?Africa.19. I won der I may have a word with

33、you.Yes, of course.20. Can you tell me you plan to do with the problem?21. Could you tell me you'll go to Paris?Next mon th.22. Excuse me, could you tell me bus I should take to get to the zoo?The No. 32 bus can take you there.23. The math problem is so hard. I really don't know to do it.24.

34、 Could you tell me the Win ter Olympic Games are held?Every four years.25. Wang Hai told me he did n't go cycli ng yesterday after noon.四、语法填空。阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正 确形式。Nirmala Toppo, a 14-year-old girl from India, can talk to elephants! And she has saved the city of Rourkela in In d

35、ia with this ability (能力).One day, 12 wild elephants ran into Rourkela from a nearby forest. They were very huge. Local people tried their 26. (good) to drive the elephants into a gym. But they did n't know 27. to drive them back to the forest.“ It was a difficult task. The elephants became viol

36、ent ( 暴力的)and started to destroy the gym area," a local forest official 28.(tell) the BBC.Then they thought of Nirmala Toppo, a tribal (咅E落的)girl 29. lives in the n eighbori ng state of Jharkha nd. She is famous for being able to talk to elepha nts. She has _30. (success) drive n back elepha nt

37、s many times before in her hometow n.When Toppo arrived, she came close to the elepha nts. She was n't afraid at all. told them the gym was not their home. They should return where they belong. They understood 31. I said " said Toppo.The elephants started to leave the gym. Toppo walked many

38、 miles with them32. they arrived back at the forest. Her 33. (foot) were badly hurt because of the long dista nee.How did she lear n to talk to elepha nts ? Toppo said she lear ned that after a few elephants killed her mother. But _34. (other) think that's because tribal people_35.(live) with wi

39、ld animals for so many years, and they know how to deal with them.状语从句一、句型转换。1. Jack is so short that he can't reach the book on the shel改为同义句)Jack is short reach the book on the shelf.2. The teacher began his class. All the students were seate用!(until 合并为一句)The teache_ his class all the stude n

40、ts were seated.3. Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus.改为同义句)you hurry up, you catch the early bus.4. The childre n have to stay in side because of the hot weathe改(为状语从句)The childre n have to stay in side hot.5. Miss Gao wrote a letter to her friend at once after she had got to Shangha改 为同义句)M

41、iss Gao a letter to her friend sheSha nghai.二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。6. I (not go) to bed until the programme ends.7. They (not meet) each other since they left college.8. Tom (argue) with his brother when I went to see him yesterday.9. He (live) in the countryside when he was young.10. The film(begi n) wh

42、e n I got to the cin ema, so I missed the beg inning of the film.11. He won't believe it he sees it with his own eyes.12. Will you e and stay with us for a while when you (finish) doing your homework?13. I met an old friend of mine while I (walk) in the street.14. My parents are always worried a

43、bout what will happen if I (fail).15. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I (arrive) in London.三、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。although, before, until，while，assoonasbecause when, since, whatever，sothat16. He is training very hard he can win a gold medal in the Olympics.17. Whe n shall we begi n our trip?W

44、e'll set out our head teacher arrives.18. he is very tired, he con ti nued work ing in his office.19. Zootopia, the cartoon, is popular there are many lovely animals in it.20. It's a good habit to wash your hands you have meals.21. He always thinks rm wrong, I may say.22. Jenny did n't g

45、o to bed her mother came home last ni ght.23. Mother was worried because her son was ill, especially father was away inFran ce.24. Could you help me with housework you are free today?25. I was about to go to school it began to rain.四、语法填空。（原创）阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求 ，在空白处填 入一个适当的词或填入括号中词语的正确形式填空

46、。每空不多于3个单词。A wise man travelled in the mountains. 26. he was walking, he 27.(find) precious stone in a river.The n ext day, he met ano ther traveler who was 28.(hu nger). The wise man ope ned his bag to share his food 29.the traveler. The traveler saw the stone and asked the wise man 3O.(give) the s

47、tone to him.The wise man did so 31.hesitati on.The traveler left very happy. He knew the stone was very valuable and he could get much money by 32.(sell) it. But a few days later, he came back to return the stone33. the wise man.“rve been thinking all these days " he said. “I know how valuable

48、the stone is, but I give it back to you. 34! hope I can get somethi ng more valuable. Could you tell me what made you give me the stone without hesitation "35 (hear) this, the wise man smiled and said, “ I thi nk you have got what you wa nt."From the story we can leann that sometimes it

49、9;s not the wealth you have but what's in side you is more valuable to other people.定语从句、将如下简单句改为定语从句1. They like those books. Those books have scary monsters.They like those books scary monsters.2. We are looking for the nurse. She looked after my little sister.We are looking for the nurse my l

50、ittle sister.3. Jane is my best friend. She can play the piano.Jane the piano my best friend.4. Please pass me the dicti on ary. Its cover is black.Please pass me the dictio nary black.5. I'll never forget the farm. I visited it in 2012.I'll never forget the farm in 2012.二、用 who, whom, whose, which 或 that 填空。6. The first thingyou must do is to have a meal.7. The woman you met in the shop lives on the second floor of our building.8. This