定语从句用法(含例句及解析)

1、定语从句关系代词的用法一、定语从句概述1 .定义:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。它所修 饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2 .构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词作用:连接主句和从句；指代先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。3 .分类:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。4 .关系词 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why关系代词的具体用法见下表：关系代词先行词在从句中所做的成分that人、物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语as人、物主语、宾语、表语二、

2、关系代词的用法1 . that指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语 时可省略。The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来游览这座城市的人的数量达到了 100万。（指人，作主语）This is the suitcase （that） she is looking for.这就是他在找的那个手提箱。（指物，作宾语）2 . which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。They ignored the details which might ac

3、count for the accident.他们忽略了那些或许可以解释事故发生原因的细节。（作主语）3 .who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。We are concerned about people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。（作主语）Danny was the man （who） we rescued from the ruins.丹尼正是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。（作宾语）4 .whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person

4、 （who/ whom） you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。（作宾语）5 .whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。（作定语）误区警示关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语， 因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。The film (that/ which) we saw it last ni

5、ght was very frightening.(x)The film (that /wliich) we saw last night was veiy fiiglitening.()关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Is that the girl (whom /who /that) you spoke of the other day?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩儿吗？三、宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况1 .当先行词指物且被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first thing that you should do is call the polic

6、e right away.你应该做的第一件事就是马上报警。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。2 .当先行词是 all, any , little, few , much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都己经做了。Tell me everything that you know.把你知道的一切都告诉我吧。Please send us any information

7、that you have about the subject.请把有关这个主题的任何资料都寄给我们。3 .当先行词指物且被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。This is the very book that I want to buy.这就是我想买的那本书。学法点拨以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往 往带有“唯一“或者”全部”概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代

8、词 which也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”含有选择意味，所以用that引导 万无一失。4 .当先行词既包括人又包括物时Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.有时，我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事。5 .当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句，为避免与who, which 重复时。Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing.你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？四、宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况。

9、1 .引导非限制性定语从句时。Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。2 .当关系代词前有介词时。This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。3 .当先行词本身就是that时。That which you told him is what we want to know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。4 .在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是 th

10、at,那么另一句的关系词宜用whichoLet me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。五、宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况。1 .当先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one, ones, anyone, no one, nobody, anybody, none, all 等。Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing?你们班有人擅长唱歌吗？2 .在there be结构中先行词

11、指人时。There is a young lady who is in the state of shock.有位年轻女士休克了。3 .当先行词是people或those时。People who want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照。The students you should learn from those who graduated from famous universities.你应该向那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习。4 .一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语

12、从 句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。The boy that you met last night is a group leader who studies very hard.昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的族长。六、定语从句中的主谓一致。1 .关系代词在从句中做主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据 先行词的形式确定。The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。I'm fond of the pi

13、ece of music which is popular with the teenagers.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。2 . one of+复数名词+定语从句（复数谓语）the only one of+复数名词+定语从句（单数谓语）He is one of the students who have a good command of French.他是精通法语的学生之一。（the students为先行词）He is the only one of the students who has a good command of French.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。（the on

14、ly one为先行词）七、关系代词as引导的定语从句。Las既可指，人也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语、宾语或表语。它 常用在the same. as., suchas等结构中as不能省略。I will buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你一样的词典。Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划。误区警示当先行词被the same修饰时，也可以用that引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。This is the

15、 same bike that I lost two months ago.这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.这辆自行车跟两个月前我丢失的那辆一样。（同类的自行车，但不是 同一辆）2.as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句 前、主句后或主句中间。As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I can't persuade her to change her mind.你知道，她是一个倔强的女孩儿，我不能说服她改变主意。My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, as is often the case with old people.我爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光，这种情况在老年人中很常见。归纳梳