初中中考英语知识点考点总结(全)

1、初中中考英语知识点考点总结一.修饰比拟级时常见的错误1 . more不可修饰比拟级,但much可以用来增强比拟级,意为的多,更He looks more younger than I. xHe looks much younger than I. 力2 .比拟的对象或范围出现错误.1） The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. x比拟的对象应该是上海的天气,而不是上海The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. V2） China is larger than any cou

2、ntry in Asia.出现了逻辑上的错误：中国就是亚洲国家,应当排除在外.China is larger than any country in Africa.,中国比非洲的任何国家都大.China is larger than any other country in Asia.,中国比亚洲的任何其他的 国家都大.特别提示Than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中也可使用宾格.如果 than后 是一个句子,那么不可使用宾格.He works harder than me.He works harder than I do.二.形容词的比拟级用于两者比拟,表本比,更A+ 系动词 + 形

3、容词比拟级 +than+ B , e.g. I am two years older than my little sister.A+ 谓语动词 + 副词比拟级 +than+ B : e.g. She gets to school earlier than the other students.比拟级+and+比拟级,这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为 越来 越 .eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer.the+比拟级the+比拟级表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的增长而增长, 表不越,越.eg. The mort you

4、practice using English , the better youll learn it 你英语 练得越多,就会学得越好.A十动词十the+比拟级+of短语比拟范围,这种结构表示两者中更的那一个.当比拟双方只出现一方没有than及其后面的局部,且句中含 有of the two时,比拟级前要加the.eg. Penny is the taller of the two girls.The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black.表示两者程度不同的其他方式可用 more than 多于, not more than 不多于,less

5、than 少于,not less than 不少于,less+形容词 + than不如等.We havent got more than one hour left right now.It is less cold today than it was yesterday.not+比拟级+than与no+比拟级+than这两个结构表达的意思完全不同： 前者往往表示“一方不比另一方U ,后者往往表示前者和后者一样都不 口 ；修饰说明数量时,前者表示“最多,不比多,后者表示“仅仅,带有感情色彩.I am not taller than you.我不比你高.I am no taller than y

6、ou. 我和你样高.My French is not better than yours.My French is no better than yours.She is not more than seven years old.She is no more than seven years old.三.形容词的最高级最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比拟方式the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句Jack is the tallest student in his class.He is the fastest runner of the three boys.This is

7、the most boring book Ive ever read.one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+表示范围的短语或从句China is one of the largest countries in the world.用法比拟：介词in和of引导的短语说明比拟的范围如果在一定的地域空间内进行比拟用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比拟用of.China is the largest country in Asia.China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.运用比拟级表达最高级的概念：比拟级+than any oth

8、er+名词单数,比拟级+than the other+ 名词复数或比拟级+than the rest of +the+ 名词复数Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.=Julia is taller than the other girls in her class. = Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.四.表水移动方向的介词(1)to表示向,往到如：He will drive to Nanjing. 他将开车去南京.from表示自,从,来自如：Where

9、 are you from 你是哪儿人I am from Jiangsu Province.我是江苏人.(3)up 表示 向上,往上.如：Mr. Smith used a lift to go up and down.史密斯先生乘电梯上下.(4)down表示 向下,沿着往下如：Go down the street then you find the shop.沿着这条街走,你就会发现那个 商店.round表示环绕,围绕如：The students are running round the playground.学生们正绕着操场跑步.(6)across表示 横过,穿过,跨过如：A boy wa

10、lked across the park just now.一个男孩冈U才穿过公园.7through表示 通过,穿过空间如：The river ran through the city.那条河从城中流过.8over表示越过,从上边过去如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥.五.相似介词组辨析1貌似相同的 in front of 与 in the front ofin front of在的前面,指从外部看来一物在另一物的前面.如：There a big tree in front of the building.in the front of在的前面,

11、指从内部看来一物在另一物的前部.如：The driver sits in the front of the car.2貌似相同的in time与on timein time意思是及时,指在时间上有提前、刚好的意思,表示正赶上时候或恰在 需要的时候,作表语时常与for sth.或to do sth.连用.如：We rejust in time to catch the bus.on time意思是 按时、准时,通常指有时间限制,以规定的时间为界,在规定 时间内即为按时.如： We should get to school on time.The train arrived on time.3貌似

12、相同的beside与besidesbeside表示位置,意思是在的旁边,与by, at同意.如：There is a big tree beside the house.besides意思是除了 以外,还与except, but同义.如:The girl is studying Japanese besides English.六.but :但是,可是,而He is old , but he looks very young.他老了,但他看起来很年轻.Li Li likes violin but doesnt like piano.李莉喜欢小提琴,但是不喜欢钢琴.but后面省略了主语Li Li

13、,由于与前面的主语成分相同Mary likes violin , but Tom doesnt.玛丽喜欢小提琴,而汤姆不喜欢.doesnt后面省略了 like violin,由于与前面的成分相同He isnt a teacher but a doctor.他不是一个老师,而是医生.They came here not for money but for the life.他们到这儿来,不是要钱,而是要命.注意：but所连接的句子,句中如果某些成分与前面相同,那么可以省略.七.or ：或,或者,否那么Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.李明是北京人还

14、是上海人呢？1 .根本用法or表示 或的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候.Would you like coffee or tea ?你喜欢咖啡还是茶？Tom or I am right.我或者汤姆是对的.Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.李明或者是他的同班同学在清扫房间.注意：“Aor B作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词B而定,因此例子中的谓语动词 服从I,用am.2 .特别用法句型：祈使句,or =If you dont,youll同and一样,or在祈使句中的用法,译成 请,否那么,有转折的意思.Hurry up , or

15、youll miss the bus.快点吧,否那么你就会误了公共汽车.=If you dont hurry up , youll miss the bus.如果你不快点,你就会误了这班车.Study hard , or youll fail in the exam.好好学吧,否那么你测试就会不及格.=If you dont study hard , youll fail in the exam.如果你不努力学习,你测试就会不及格.注意：or疑问句的读法or前面的局部用升调,后面的局部用降调.八.副词和动词如果主要动词前有两个助动词,修饰整个句子的副词特别是频度及肯定副词要放在两个助动词之间,

16、而修饰主要动词的副词特别是方式副词应放在这个动词的前面：a） Tigers have often been discovered in this area .You can never have seen such a beautiful place .He will probably be made President of the Company .He has surely been punished for his offence .He may , unfortunately , be killed by robbers .b） This decision will be publi

17、cly announced .I would have carefully done it , if it had been useful .He must have seriously considered this matter .要使副词短语尽可能靠近它修饰的动词：We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capitalyesterday . 不好We went yesterday to - capital. 较好Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant coun

18、try called on me .不好A guest - me yesterday . 较好Immediately , he told me to leave his house . 不好He told me to leave his house immediately . 较好九.冠词应用考点在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别：1 .有些个体名词 “schooj college , prison , hospital , bed等词与动词或介词连 用时,有无冠词表示不同含义例：go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital去医院并不是去看病,而是有

19、其他目的in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在医院里at table 进餐at the table 在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea 在海边in front of 在前面in the front of 在范围内的前部2 .两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西.例：He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫.3 .如后一个形容词无冠词,那么指一物.例：He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫.a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家一个人a teac

20、her and a writer 一位教师和一位作家两个人十.辨析基数词序数词运用对数词的考查不在单纯地停留在基数词或序数词的构成与用法上了,更多地将 基数词与序数词同时用于一道题中,考查我们如何正确地判定句子中什么地方 用基数词,什么地方用序数词.这就要求我们熟练地掌握对基数词与序数词的 构成与用法.下面就2021年的考题来说明怎样做好这类考题.【典型考例1J2021 四川凉山州There are people in Dale family. They live on the floor.A. five; nineB. fifth; nineC. five; ninthD. fifth; n

21、inth【析】正确答案：Co句意：在戴尔家里有5 口人,他们一家居住在九楼.第一句指的是名词的数量, 故用基数词；而第二句 居住在九楼,表示的是楼层的顺序,故用序数词.所以, 此题的正确答案为Co【典型考例2】2021 湖北鄂州 Our country is nearlyyears old. Well celebrate itsbirthday on October 1,2021 around the country.A. seventy, seventyB. seventy, seventiethC. seventieth, seventyD. seventieth, seventieth【

22、析】正确答案：B.句意：我们的国家快70周岁了.我们将在2021年10月1日在全国庆祝她的生日.第一句表示数量,在结合被修饰的名词为复数形式 years可知,故70使 用基数词seventy o第二句由于被修饰的名词birthday为单数形式,因此这里的 70表示顺序,故用序数词seventieth o所以,此题的正确答案为 B.十一 .There be 句型的用法1根本结构：肯定句式：be +done 及物动词的过去分词如果是不及物动词+相应的介词或副词否认句式： be +not +done疑问句式：be动词情态动词放句首被动语态中的be为助动词,无意义.be可能是am , is , are

23、也可能是was ,were 或原形be.注：被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be后面的过去分词不变.eg：1. The song is liked by young people. 肯定句2. The song isn liked by young people. 否认句3. Is the song liked by young people?一般疑问句4. Who is the song liked by? = By whom is the song liked?特殊疑问句十二.各种时态的构成动词以do为例：一般现在时动词的被动形式：am/is /are

24、 done例句:He is asked to do this.一般过去时动词的被动形式：was/were done例句：The story was told by her mother.一般将来时动词的被动形式：will /shall be doneIs/are going to例句：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.过去将来时动词的被动形式：should/would be doneWas/were are going to例句： He said the trees would be planted soon.现在进行时动词的被动形式：am/is/a

25、re being done例句：The novel is being written.过去进行时动词的被动形式： was/were being done例句： At that time the desk was being made.现在完成时动词的被动形式：has/have been done例句：The house has been built.过去完成时动词的被动形式：had been done例句：They said that their work had been finished.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+ done Your homework must be han

26、ded in today.其它几种特殊句型：It is said that It is well known that It is reported that 例：History is made by the people. 一般现在时The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. 一般过去时The tree will be cut down next year. 般将来时The room must be kept clean.含有情态动词的被动语态The door is being opened.现在进行时The film has been seen by me

27、.现在完成时注：不同时态的被动语态的差异主要表达在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致.2应用情况行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来.eg: A stranger was killed last night.用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者.eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.3被动语态的用法1 . 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2 . 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A

28、 new shop was built last year.3 .现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.4 . 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词Many more trees will be planted next year.5 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.6 .现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / a

29、re + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tomnow.7 .不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees tobe planted.十三.状语从句时间状语从句最常考的是until,常常和非延续性动词组合.其次是结合进行时考察 when/while/as ,再次是结合主将从现考察 as soon as/whenever.原因状语从句,主要考

30、察since作为既然的意思.目的状语从句,考察较少.结果状语从句常常考察so.that与such.that的辨析,so+many/few/much/little+名词结构用用的是so而不是such是一个重要考点.条件状语从句最常考的是unless ,相当于if not意为除非,如果不.其次结合 主将从现考察if的用法让步状语从句,主要考察句子的让步关系引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although,while, as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+ 疑问词,疑问词-ever,般译为 尽管或即使无论用法如下:1

31、though, although表示虽然,纵然之意.这两个连词意思大致相同,在一 般情况下可以互换使用.在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正 式,二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用.例如：Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他虽然年名己大了,身体还很健壮.值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though 引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后.2、as, though表示 虽然但是,纵使之意.as引

32、导的让步状语从句 必须以局部倒装的形式出现,被倒装的局部可以是表语、状语或动词原形, though也可用于这样白结构中,但 although不可以这样用.例如：Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步.3、even if, even though 表示 即使,纵使之意,含有一种假设.这两个复合连词的意思根本相同.它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差异.even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用

33、来表示与事实相反的假设,但 不能用来描述已经发生的事实.而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事.例如：We ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad,即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行.4、whether.or.表示 不管是否,不管是还是之意.由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的 意向或结果.例如：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你

34、忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼.5、 “nonatter+疑问词或 疑问词-ever的含义为都；不管都它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换.例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, hewould not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的.但“nonatter+疑问词结构只能引导让步状语从句,而 疑问词-ever还可以引导 名词性从句.例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say, Iwon believe you. (Whatever 弓I导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我

35、都不会相信你.Ill eat whatever (丰 nonatter what) you give me. (whatever弓 I 导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么.十四.根本句型结构简单句：只存在一个主谓关系的句子,即一个主语局部和一个谓语局部组成.并列句：当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时,可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几 个简单句连接成一个并列句.它们之间的关系是同等的.复合句：当一个句子由一个主句和一个从句构成时,这就是复合句.复合句的主语往往 可以独立存在,从句那么只作一个句子成分.句型结构举例S+V1) The student works very hard.2) She apologized to me again.3) The accident happened yesterday evening.SVP4) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.5) T