专八作文范文赏析及写作思路分析

1、专八作文范文赏析及写作思路分析冲击波英语专八系列：作文之范文赏析-公司高管的多重职责Corporate executives, undoubtedly, play a crucial part in a companys management and operation. Some people argue that the only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies

2、. Do you agree to their opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you

3、should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks .写作思路当今社会，公司的发展越来越正规化，而公司掌舵人的作用也显得尤为重要，这也是众多公 司不惜重金竞相聘用得力高管的重要原因。那么，公司高管究竟

4、要起到哪些作用呢？是不是只要想方设法为公司盈利就可以了呢？我们认为不是这样的，公司高管还应担负起许多其他责任，包括为全球环境和人民造福、塑造良好公司形象、保障公司长足发展等。 Multiple Responsibilities of Corporate ExecutivesCorporate executives do have a responsibility to make money for their companies. For publicly owned companies, this means that they must nd a way to maximize share

5、holder value. But it would be wrong to say that, without quali cation, making as much money as possible is an executives only responsibility.First of all, corporate executives have a duty to protect our natural environment and to not exploit human resources, particularly in lesser-developed countrie

6、s. These poorer countries sometimes have poorly developed legal systems and laws that can be used unfairly by companies, even though the companies are actually operating within the limits of the law in that country. As an example, a pharmaceutical company should not be allowed to test new drugs on p

7、eople in a poor country even though it is perfectly legal under that countrys laws. Corporate executives must take it upon themselves to ensure that it operates ethically in all countries and that the corporation does not exploit lax operating laws in underdeveloped parts of the world.Secondly, a re

8、lated responsibility of corporate executives is to make sure that the company reects a positive image to the rest of the world, thus giving stockholders and owners a sense of pride in being a part of that company. Most people do not want to be associated with a company that is seen as greedy or expl

9、oitive. If corporate executives focus solely on making as much money as possible, there can be a backlash against that company for appearing too materialistic and uncaring. Executives at multinational companies such as McDonalds and Wal-Mart have recognized this problem in the past and have now beco

10、me heavily involved in the communities in which their stores are located through charitable programs. A third and also related responsibility of corporate executives is to ensure the long-term viability of their companies. Employees, as well as other stakeholders, need to know that the company execu

11、tives are interested in building an enduring institution. A good example of this responsibility not being honored is that of the Enron Energy Company and Arthur Andersen bankruptcy and accounting scandal. In this case, corporate executives abdicated their responsibilities to both companies in order

12、to maximize short-term prot and possibly their own bonuses and stock options. Corporate executives do have a responsibility to make as much money as possible. But they also have the responsibility to do so in a manner that helps to protect the worlds environment and people, that reects a positive co

13、rporate image, and that will guarantee the long-term survival of the company.亮点回放用词亮点lesser-developed ：欠发达的，同下文 中的underdeveloped。take something upon somebody ：承担起 职责。exploitive ：剥削的。backlash ：后坐力 ，强烈反对 。viability ：生存能力 ，可行性 。abdicate ：正式放弃 ，退出。 句式亮点Corporate executives must take it upon themselves t

14、o ensure that it operates ethically in all countries and that the corporation does not exploit lax operating laws in underdeveloped parts of the world.lax operating laws意为“现行法律中的漏洞”；两个that均作为ensure一词 的宾语从句 。全句句意为：“公司高管必须承担起责任，确保公司在任何国家的运作都不会有违道德规范，同时在世界欠发达地区，也不钻现行法律的空子”。A good example of this respon

15、sibility not being honored is that of the Enron Energy Company and Arthur Andersen bankruptcy and accounting scandal.a good example of this responsibility not being honored在此处表示 “一个不那么光彩的例子 ，反面教材”。此处作者以安然公司（Enron ）和安达信会计师事务所（Arthur Andersen）为例，充分证明了只图眼前利益而忽略公司长足发展的下场 。篇章亮点文章采用的是开门见山的开头方式，直接提出作者观点为公司

16、多赚钱不应是公司高管的惟一职责。紧接着，作者采用了分总的行文结构，在主体部分层次分明地论述了公司高管应当承担的其他责任 。逻辑信号词first of all ，secondly ，a third清晰地对文章做出了划分，使读者一目了然 。结尾部分概括全文，同时采用了与正文不一样 的表达方式 ，显示出作者扎实的文字功底 。冲击波英语专八系列：作文范文赏析之水资源问题写作题目In many cities and all over the world, there is a serious shortage of water supplies. What are the causes of and s

17、olutions to the scarcity of water resource? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the las

18、t part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks .写作思路本题属于“问题解决型”，需要按照问题、原因/后果、解决方法三步骤来进行结构安排 。水资源缺乏是人类面临的一大挑战，本

19、题要求先分析原因，再提出解决方法，其中原因和解决办法必须是两点或两点以上。在第一段，我们可以先大体介绍一下水资源缺乏的现状及带来的可怕后果；随后用一到两段来具体分析水资源缺乏的原因，如人口爆炸、环境污染、或是地球本身淡水资源的匮乏等等；接下来再用一段提出解决方法，如海水淡化、节约用水、保护环境等；最后做出总结。On Water ScarcityWater, as one of the most important natural resources, is facing serious scarcity. A recent survey conducted by Greenpeace reve

20、aled that over two thirds of the nations in the world were aficted with severe water shortage. Hence, it is essential that we ascertain the causes of this phenomenon and identify the effective solutions.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones.

21、First of all, it is generally arguable that the population explosion is the root cause of the crisis. To illustrate, over the past half a century, the world population has more than doubled and this growth rate shows no sign of slowing down. Therefore, household and industrial use of water has been

22、shooting up since the end of World War II. Further, water resource is polluted by the industrial wastes produced by factories and companies. For instance, currently, a vast number of factories dump their wastes into rivers and lakes, which seriously undermines the worlds eco-system. Finally, the sho

23、rtage of fresh water can also be attributed to the lower ef ciency in water utilization. Some developing countries still use the primitive irrigation system, which is believed to waste at least 70% fresh water. In most cities in China, fresh water is used to ush lavatories. Moreover, most citizens u

24、se a wash-machine, which consumes a larger volume of fresh water. In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. Firstly, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resource. Secondly, national infrastru

25、cture has to be improved. For example, new dams should be built and new technology should be invented to save water scienti cally. Thirdly, man must do his utmost to nd alternative sources of fresh water. Research has proved that we can transform seawater into drinking water with the help of modern

26、technology. Last but not the least, governments in all countries should give priority to6 the controlling of the staggering increase of thepopulation. It is necessary that other nations learn from Chinas success in curbing its population surge over the past three decades. Above all, we should not fo

27、rget the importance of water or waste it unnecessarily. Any kind of drought is always a reminder that we should never take our water for granted and that every drop counts. Therefore, we should take effective steps, including birth control, promotion of sustainable development, and research about ne

28、w water resource, to alleviate this modern-day scourge . 用词亮点be afflicted with ：受 的折磨ascertain ：查 明，弄清root cause ：根本原 因shoot up ：猛增do one s utmost ：尽某人最大的力量 give priority to ：把放在首位curb its population surge ：抑制它的人 口暴增趋势scourge ：灾祸句式亮点To illustrate, over the past half a century, the world population h

29、as more than doubled and this growth rate shows no sign of slowing down.本句最大的特色在于一些短语的使用，如to illustrate、more than doubled、no sign of slowing down，这些表达既有新意又相当准确。本句句意为：例如，在过去的半个世纪中，全世界的人口翻了一倍多，而且这种增长速度并没有任何减缓的迹象。Any kind of drought is always a reminder that we should never take our water for granted a

30、nd that every drop counts.Any kind of drought is always a reminder.的意思是Any kind of drought always reminds us. ，即“任何形式的干旱都是在提醒我们 ”。本句句意为 ：任何形式的干旱都是在提醒我们不应该再把水看作是理所当然的东西，每一滴水都是重要的。篇章亮点语言是本文的一大亮点，作者用词准确、语言表达地道、句式丰富多变。在结构安排上，作者严格遵循了问题解决型文章的基本结构 ，主题句 “Hence, it is essential that we ascertain the causes o

31、f this phenomenon and identify the effective solutions.”既统领全文 ，又暗含了主体部分的主要内容：即先分析原因，再提出有效方法 。在两段主体段落中，作者主要采用了分类论证和举例论证的方法，尤其在分析原因部分，作者将缺水的原因大致分为三类 ，即人口爆炸、水污染、水资源浪费，并辅以恰当的例证，逻辑性强。此外，作者大量使用连词，如 ：first of all, further, finally等等，这些连词很好地将全文的内容连接在了一起。在结尾部分，作者向大家发起节水的号召 ，并总结了上文提出的解决方法 。全文结构完整、论述方式多样、很有说服力

32、 。冲击波英语专八系列：作文范文赏析之人口爆炸写作题目The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries, but also for industrialized and developing countries. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible

33、 solution. Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you

34、have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks .写作思路本题属于“问题解决型”，这类文章一般由三部分构成：问题、原因、解决方法或是问题、后果、解决方法。根据审题可知，本题要求的是先分析人口过多造成的问题，再提出建议。人口爆炸问题已经引起了

35、世界各国的关注，相关内容相信大家都非常熟悉，一般不会有严重的偏题情况出现，但这里要提醒大家注意题目中以下两个词组：some of the problems以及at least one possible solution，也就是说，人口过多造成的问题一定要两个及两个以上，解决方法也至少要提出一条。On Population ExplosionThe human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history. Too many people are added

36、annually to the population of the world. Famine and diseases have done little to offset this steady increase. In this essay, both the results of having more people and solutions to the critical population problem will be studied carefully.In poor countries, it is difcult to provide enough food to fe

37、ed even the present number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is not always successful. Poorer countries usually have a lot of unemployment too, and an increase in population simply makes the situation worse. In rich, industrialized and developing countries,

38、 it is very difcult for governments to provide effective public services in overcrowded cities. Moreover, there is usually a great deal of crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment. Further large increase in population only causes more overcrowding, unemployment and crime. Besides, ove

39、rpopulation is the major reason for water, soil and air pollution. It is also often the cause of starvation and even wars. In my opinion, there are two main weapons to fight against the population problem. The most important weapon we have to ght population growth is education. This should start at

40、a very early age, i.e. before children even go to school. TV cartoons and childrens programs can be used to educate the very young. At high school level, students can be taught about the problem more directly. At university level, scholarships should be made available to students who wish to study f

41、urther in this field. International exchange groups may also help to increase awareness. The second weapon is birth control, every woman who is pregnant, but who does not want to give birth, should be allowed by law to have an abortion.In China, couples are penalized financially if they have more th

42、an one child. This may seem cruel, but the “one-child policy” is beginning to have an effect in the worlds most populous nation. Eventually, similar policies might also be necessary in other crowded nations such as India, for example. The worlds population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033. If the popul

43、ation explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in afuent nations, will become increasingly dif cult. Facing such a serious situation, we must make every effort to nd a way out so as to save the mankind and save the world. 用词亮点offset

44、：补偿，抵消abortion：堕胎penalize：判罚populous：人口稠密的affluent：富裕的句式亮点Moreover, there is usually a great deal of crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment.本句包含which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中which指代的是整个主句，即there is usually a great deal of crime。本句句意为：此外，（那些发达国家）有很多的犯罪活动，这通常都是 由高失业率造成的。If the population explosi

45、on continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations, will become increasingly difficult.本句为条件状语从句。在主句中，作者使用and连接的并列句，介绍了如果人口爆炸持续下去的话，在贫穷国家和富裕国家会造成的不同后果，这样的分类集中于一个句子中，不仅可以使得论述完整，而且结构上也更为紧凑。本句句意为：如果人口爆炸继续下去的话，那么在贫穷的国家，更多人都将饿死，而在城市中人

46、们的生活也将愈加困难 ，即使是在富裕的国家也是如此。 篇章亮点本文结构清晰，语言言简意赅。第一段提出人口爆炸这一社会现状 ，由此引出主题句 ：Therefore, both the causes of population increase and the results of having more people are worth careful study. 在接下来的两段中，作者详细分析了人口爆炸所带来的问题，值得注意的是，作者按照地域将这部分内容分为两类：贫穷国家和富裕国家，并分别展开讨论，这显然是考虑到人口爆炸这一问题在贫穷国家和富裕国家所产生的后果是不同的，这一分类使得全文的论述

47、更为细致有序。从篇幅可以看出，作者将重点放在了提出建议这部分。作者一共提出两条建议：教育和控制出生人口。在教育方面，作者又将其细分为小学阶段、高中阶段、大学阶段以及国际交流层面；在控制出生人口方面，作者主要举了在中国实行计划生育的例子。可见，分类论证和举例论证是本文所采用的两大论证方式，尤其是分类论证，在考生的作文 中并不多见，是本文的一大特色。冲击波英语专八系列：作文范文赏析之核能的利用与开发写作题目We have been living in the nuclear age for over half a century. Since the rst atomic bombs were d

48、eveloped, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet technology has been put into positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine. Is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are benets and risks associated with its use

49、? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have writ

50、ten to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks .写作思路核能的利用与开发是当下的一个热门话题。本题在一开始就介绍了有关核能的众所周知的危险和益处，这些观点都有道理，也都是有据可查的。因此，对于这样的一个题目，我们的态度可以是如下两种：一种是认为核能的优点很

51、多，虽然有危险，但可以控制；另一种是认为虽然核能有优点，但会给人类造成巨大的威胁，因此最好不再利用。不管采取哪种观点，我们都最好加入让步段，这样会使观点看起来更为全面，毕竟，谈核能的优点而对危险避而不谈，或是谈危险而忽视它的优点都是不可取的。范文Nuclear Technology: Benecial or Disastrous?One question that has caused a great deal of controversy over the years is nuclear technology. Although it offers a number of advantag

52、es in world peace and green power, it is also a dangerous technology. Nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life. Even the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes also carries some serious risks. In this essay, however, I intend to show how the benets of such technology counterbalance

53、its disadvantages.The opponents of nuclear power generally base their arguments on the danger it presents to the world. There are two main dangers: the risk of nuclear warfare and the nuclear disasters. The danger of nuclear war is obvious and if one thinks about Chernobyl, it is easy to understand

54、why people are worried about nuclear power, as it can cause major suffering.There are, however, good reasons for believing that nuclear technology is generally advantageous. The first of these is that there has not been a major world conflict since the invention of nuclear weapons. Although nuclear

55、weapons have enlarged the mechanism of war by threatening to kill more people more secretly and more horribly than those of the past, it is generally agreed that such weapons should be the last thing to be thought of as a means to win a war because there would be no winner in any nuclear conflict. I

56、f anything goes wrong, the scale of destruction on human lives and civilization is beyond imagination. The nightmare of Hiroshima is a vivid memory, so nuclear weapons hidden in stock somewhere serve to maintain world peace by theory of counter-attack .The other most significant benefit relates to t

57、he environment. Perhaps the greatest danger facing our world today is a combination of global warming and the greenhouse effect. This danger is caused partly by burning fossil fuel, which leads to our polluted atmosphere. Nuclear power, however, is a much greener alternative which does not have such

58、 negative effects.Already power plants have been in operation in a number of countries. These are successful examples to be followed. All in all, although it is true that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life, the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes is really bene cial. In all appearances, the fear of war is overcome by the need for economic development.用词亮点controversy ：争议counterbalance ：抵消 ，使