完型填空老师用一[1]

1、中考完形填空解题技巧和方法 教师用一、 命题意图：完形填空根据阅读理解的考试原则，在语篇层面上考查学生对常用词汇的准确得体的应用，从而达到对于整篇文章主要内容，特别是对作者通过文章传达的情感、态度、价值观的准确理解和把握的能力。二、选材分析：综观全国各地完形题材，故事类选材仍居首位，占47.4%；其他完形题材还包括青少年生活类（17.5%）、文化类（8.7%）和科普类（8.7%）说明文，说明文呈上升趋势。三、考点分析：从命题分布来看，近几年来，首尾句通常不设空, 设题主要以实词为主，特别侧重考查动词，在词汇分布上也日趋合理 。 完形填空 （共12分，每小题1分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后

2、从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville, Kentucky, where _35_ had grown up. We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother. This was a time when being a single _36_ was still con

3、sidered unusual. When I was small, there was a childrens book called The Happy Family, and it was a real piece of work. Dad worked all day log at the office, Mom cooked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over. The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of

4、the time. It looked _37_ like my family, but luckily that wasnt the way I heard it. The way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really _38_. Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding, who took me to the father-son dinners and

5、who gave me lessons on how to drive. Believing that anything _39_ was probably good for, she _40_ to get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer, which was my most important experience. As a young girl, Aunt Marion always planned to have a large number of children of her own,

6、 but she never got married. This _41_ that she was free to spend all her time taking care of me. Many people say we have a lot in common. She always _42_ me to do my best. She never _43_ to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I wanted, if I only tried hard enough. For more tha

7、n sixty years, Aunt Marion didnt and still dont think of herself. _44_ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made much _45_. I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my _46_ couldnt. so every June for the p

8、ast 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a Fathers Day card. 35. A. I B. she C. he D. we 36. A. man B. family C. parent D. child 37. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something 38. A. surprising B. boring C. sad D. funny 39. A. interesting B. pleasant C. impossible

9、 D. unusual 40. A. decided B. afforded C. offered D. prepared 41. A. said B. meant C. proved D. showed 42. A. allowed B. afforded C. offered D. forced 43. A. hoped B. agreed C. stopped D. tailed 44. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before 45. A. difference B. progress C. trouble D. sense 46. A. Tea

10、chers B. mother C. father D. friends 答案：35.B 3640CADDC 4145BBDAA 46.C完形技巧培养1.考试前：(1)积累词汇：平时要有意识地主动积累新词汇，特别要关注陌生实词的基本含义、使用方法和语言习惯，做到能够在语篇层面上仔细辨析词汇之间的细微差别，养成勤查字典的习惯。例：Believing that anything unusual was probably good for me, she 40 to get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer

11、, which was my most important experience. (09北京中考)40. A. decided B. afforded C. offered D. prepared分析：动词辨析题。A. decide：决定，主观意愿性强，而且暗含为自己贷款；B. afford：能够支付得起，强调支付能力，一般说来贷款是不需要有支付能力的；C. offer：主动提出，在这里暗含为别人而贷款的意思；D. prepare：准备，一般说来，贷款不需要准备太多，所以在此不恰当。 在动词辨析的前提下，我们还需要分析Marion的为人：她是一个像父亲般疼爱我的人，文中是这样叙述她的：Kin

12、d-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding. 从这段文字证明Marion是个善良而且豁达的人，对待作者像自己的孩子，所以会主动提出为作者贷款，以便让他可以去非洲当志愿者。因此C最为合适。由此可见，我们平时必须积蓄一定的词汇量，否则培养良好的语篇能力根本无法实现。(2)良好的语法功底这是我们正确理解复杂长句的一条出路，还能够帮助我们更好地在文章中猜测生词。例： 44 she is forced to come up to the f

13、ront, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made much difference. (09北京中考)44. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before分析:这是一个语法和语境考查的综合题目。Marion很谦虚。她从来不强调自己的作用，只有 “unless(除非)”能够最好地表现出她的高尚人品。即：如果你不把她推到前排，她永远站在全家福照片的后排。我们需要准确了解上下两个单句之间的逻辑关系假设的条件关系，

14、还需要对Marion本人的性格特点有清晰的认识。因此答案为A。我们在准备完形填空的语法知识时，主要参考中考考试说明中的语法要点就基本达到考试要求了。（3）培养上下文语篇能力例：When I was small, there was a childrens book called The Happy Family. The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of the time. It looked 37 like my family, but luckily that wasnt the way I heard it. Th

15、e way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really 38 . (09北京中考)37. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something38. A. surprising B. boring C. sad D. funny分析：37. A。根据上文提示得出答案。首先作者的家庭与故事书中提到的典型美国家庭不同，他们的生活模式也完全不一样。只有不定代词nothing可以表达这两层含义。38. D。 根据上文提示和词义得到答案。较难判断。关键在转折连词but所起的作用上。作者本来对这样的故事

16、不感兴趣，但是姨妈Marion读故事的方式却把故事讲得“funny (非常好玩)”。总之，我们在平时需要积累很多的做题技巧，但是对于上述三方面的基本能力尤其要引起重视。2.考试中：（1）了解大意 通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和结构，确立正确的背景知识。完形填空在出题时有这样一条原则：去掉空格后不会影响考生对文章大意的了解。在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的一两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想，在阅读中一定要仔细研读，为后面的阅读扫清障碍。

17、(2) 初选答案 了解大意后，便可以填空了。在填写每个空格时，可以从出题者的命题思路着手，初步做出每个题的答案。总的来说，有以下六种出题思路。 i.词义与词形的辨析。选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。 ii.逻辑关系。所填空格的句子，与上下文构成指代关系以及列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、 补充、递进等逻辑关系。常见的表示指代关系的词有do, so, one, ones, yours, theirs, this, that, those, he, it, they等，它们既可以用来指代单词，也可以用来指代词组、短语或句子。此外，还会

18、考查句子之间的关系，对于这类试题，第一要掌握过渡语的用法和含义，如because表示因果关系，but表示转折关系等。第二在没有过渡语的情况下，要结合上下文进行推理和判断。iii.结构识别，即固定词组的用法，如not onlybut also,sothat, as well, someothers,eitheror等。 iv.固定搭配。主要是动词与名词之间的搭配。如：“利用” 有不同的搭配：take advantage of sth /make use of sth。 另外还有词组、习语和习惯用法。对于这一类选择题，不能利用语法知识进行判断。因此平时的日积月累就十分重要。v.动词用法。要从动词的时态、语态（主动语态和被动语态）以及非谓语动词 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）几个角度逐一进行考虑。 vi.介词用法。多考查介词与名词、介词与形容词及及介词与动词的搭配和用法。 (3)寻找线索 完形填空必须从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，结合上下文寻找线索。有些题从单纯的句子来考虑，四个选项均可以入选，但从上下文的线索入手，就能迅速排除其它三个。“寻找线索”强调对文章内容的整体把握。 （4）回头补缺 如果有的难题一时做不出来，应立刻跳过此题，继续往下做。不要在某一题上花费大量时间。只要坚持往下做，随着空格的减少，对文章的理解也越来越