考研英语二-图表作文写作方法和模板--非常全-有作用

1、考研英语二 图表作文写作方法和模板图表作文(一)第一节 图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。表作文表格 (Table) 可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题 (Title) 、表头(Boxhead)( 表格的第一行)、侧目 (Stub)( 表格左边的第一列 )和主体 (Body) 部分 (表格的其余部分 )等部分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确， 而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。 阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系， 表格中各个项目的变化规律。 例如， 上面的表格中的数字说明，和 1978 年相比， 1983 年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学

2、人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。(1) 圆形图作文圆形图 (Pie chart) 也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。 有时圆形图还有数值表， 两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、 清楚。 例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain.As can be see from t

3、he chart, the main expenditure of an average British family isspent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next twosignificantexpending itemsare transportand housing, whichare 15% and12%respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,the fouress

4、entialsof life,that is, food,transport, housing,and clothingandfootwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图 (Line graph) 也称为线性图或坐标图。 曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。 一般来说， 曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。 曲线图有横轴和纵轴。 一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等， 然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。 同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表1990 年的不同的月份， 纵

5、轴代表交通事故的数量。 从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点 (39) ，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点 (16) 。可见， 1990 年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。(3) 条形图作文条形图 (Bar graph) 也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示： 1) 同一项目在不同时间的量;2) 同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量， 每一个刻度所代表的值是多少， 最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条

6、间的相互关系。例如：左边的条形图的横轴代表时间， 纵轴代表期望寿命 (Life Expectancy) ， 这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目 (期望寿命 )在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality) ， 这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。 左边的条形图表明 1990 年的人均期望寿命比1960 年的人均期望寿命长20 岁，而 1990 年的婴儿死亡率比1960 年的婴儿死亡率下降了 50% 。第二节 图表作文的出题形式例 1 题目： Changes in People s DietStudy the f

7、ollowing table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in people s diet ( 饮食 ) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as p

8、ossible.例 2 题目： Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of wh

9、at will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例 3 For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicHealth Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120words and you sho

10、uld base your composition on the following instructions (givenin Chinese):1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命 (life expectancy) 和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality) 的变化情况2. 说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见， 图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、 圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1) 用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2) 就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节 图表

11、作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明， 并提出结论或看法。 因此， 图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文， 关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息， 把握各信息间的联系， 用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1) 认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系 ;2) 确定文章的主题思想， 构思出文章的基本框架， 筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3) 编列文章的提纲;4) 根据文章的提纲， 将各段

12、的提纲内容扩展成段落， 然后将各个段落组成文章， 注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5) 检查与修改。图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时， 常采用三段式的谋篇方式。 文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1) 常用的开篇句型( 即概述图表内容时常用的表达法 ) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/ba

13、r graph, we can see/conclude that 根据该表/图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表/ 图表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graphAs is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart如表/图所示，(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still

14、 increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ;then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall

15、/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).下面是根据例 2 的题目要求写的范文。 From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton cityfluctuated during the year of 1990.The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. (3)The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. Fro

16、m June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably , and eventually dropped to the lowest poin t 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, it s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句 /概述表格反映的内容 (5)反映交通事故的

17、变化情况 (6) 小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势 There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force . It providedthat in summer everycar mustbeair-conditioned. (10) As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lea

18、d to car accidents, dropped steadily. (11) Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic.(12) Finally, the city administration made greatefforts to heighten people s awareness of observing traffic rules. 主题句原因 / 措施一解释措施一 /次要辅助采取措施一后的结果(11)原因/措

19、施二(12)原因/措施三(13)With all these new measures, I ' m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year. 总结：展望未来的情况第四节、 图表作文练习及其参考范文下面是写作练习，在写作的过程中注意审题， 考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、 开头 的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。练习 1 ： Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compositi

20、on of no less than 120 words on Changes in People s Diet. Study thefollowing table carefully and your composition must be based on the informationgiven in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. state the changes in people s diet ( 饮食 ) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes

21、;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible. Asis shown in thetable, therehavebeen great changes inpeople'sdietbetween1986 and 1990. From thetable,we can find that grain,formerlythemain food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people'

22、sdiet. (3)And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. (4)On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly. What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句).(6)First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, th

23、ey can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of abalanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally,owing to the economic reform, meatand milk, which were scarce in the past, are p

24、roduced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too muchrich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.

25、图表作文(二)一、图表作文写作常识1 、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表： a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table饼图： pie chart直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram趋势曲线图： line chart / curve diagram表格图：table流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram2 、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows（ that ）According

26、 to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （ is ） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figuresfigures/statistics shows （that）It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is appare

27、nt from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures（that）table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how3 、图表中的数据（ Data ）具体表达法数据（ Data ）在某一个时间段固定不变： fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变： changes over time持续变化的 data 在不同情况下：增力口： increase / raise / rise / go up 减少： decrease / grow down / drop

28、 / fall波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的两种表达法：动词 + 副词形式( Verb+Adverb form )形容词 + 名词形式( Adjective+Noun form )二、相关常用词组1 、主章开头图表类型： table 、 chart 、 diagramgraph 、 column chart 、 pie graph描述： show 、 describe 、 illustrate 、 can be seen from 、 clear 、 ap

29、parent 、 reveal 、 represent内容： figure 、 statistic 、 number 、 percentage 、 proportion2 、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的

30、，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的3 、其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地in the case of adv. 在的情况下in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast 相反，大不相同government policy 政府政策market forces

31、 市场规率measuren.尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节forecastn.先见，预见v.预测三、英语图表写作套句精选1 .the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto该表格描述了在年之年间数量的变化。该柱状图展示了2 .the bar chart illustrates that3 .the graph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。4 .the diagram shows (that) 该图向我们展示了5 .the pi

32、e graph depicts (that) 该圆形图揭示了6 .this is a cure graph which describes the trend of这个曲线图描述了的趋势。7 .the figures/statistics show (that ) 数据(字)表明8 .the tree diagram reveals how 该树型图向我们揭示了如何9 .the data/statistics show (that ) 该数据(字)可以这样理解10 .the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that这些数据资料

33、令我们得出结论11 .as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table 如图所示12 .according to the chart/figures 根据这些表(数字)13 .as is shown in the table 如表格所示14 .as can be seen from the diagram ， great changes have taken place in从图中可以看出，发生了巨大变化。15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure clear/apparen

34、t from the chart that ,we can see clearly that or it is从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到16 .this is a graph which illustrates 这个图表向我们展示了17 .this table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto该表格描述了年到年间a与b的比例关系。18 .the graph ， presented in a pie chart ， shows the general trend in该图以圆形图形式描述了总的趋势。19 .this is a

35、 column chart showing 这是个柱型图，描述了20 .as can be seen from the graph ， the two curves show the fluctuation of如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。21.over the period fromto the remained level. 在, 至期间， 基本不变。1.1 in the year between and 在年至 U期间1.2 in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998 1995 年至 1998 三年里24 .from then o

36、n/from this time onwards 从那时起25 .the number of remained steady/stable from ( month/year ) to( month/year )。月(年)至月(年)的数量基本不变。26 .the number sharply went up to 数字急居 1上升至27 .the percentage of - stayed the same between - and至期间的比率维持不变。28 .the figures peaked at in (month/year ) 的数目在月(年)达到顶点，为29 .the perc

37、entage remained steady at 比率维持在30 .the percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比的比例略高31.there is not a great deal of difference betweenand的区别不大。32 .the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of该图表表明的数目增长了三倍。33 decreased year by year while increased steadily.逐年减少，而逐步上升。34 .the s

38、ituation reached a peak （ a high point at ） of%.的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为百分点。35 .the figures/situation bottomed out in 数字（情况）在达到底部。36 .the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。37 .a is times as much/many as b.a 是 b 的倍。38 .a increased by a增长了39 .a increased to a增长到40 .high/low/gr

39、eat/small/ percentage. 比低高（低）41 .there is an upward trend in the number of数字呈上升趋势。42 .a considerable increase/decrease occurred from to至U发生急居 1上升。43 .from tothe rate of decrease slow down.从至U,下降速率减慢。44 .from this year on , there was a gradual declinel reduction in the ,reachinga figure of 从这年起，逐渐下降至

40、45 .be similar to 与相似46 .be the same as 与相同and47 .there are a lot similarities/differences between与之间有许多相似（不同）之处48 .a has something in common with ba 于 b 有共同之处。49 .the difference between a and b lies in a与 b 之间的差别在于50 (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in 年急居 1 上升开头段转述题目常用句型The line graph describes/

41、illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型It can be seen from后面跟图表的类型thatIt is manifest from后面跟图表的类型that表示上升的动词Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended)其中rise 和 increas

42、e 也经常作名词 , grow-growth表示急剧上升的动词Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared)其中 surge 也可以做名词表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend,其中 decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常 做名词表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/ plunge表示速度快的形容词Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep副词加 -ly表示幅度大的形容词

43、Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加 -ly表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加 -ly表示小幅度的形容词Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加 -ly表示波动的动词Fluctuate, 不及物动词,名词fluctuation表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at表示达到最高的动词Peak at/ reach the highest point at

44、 , peak也可以做名词表示达到最低的动词Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom也可以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/ witness/ see表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at表示占（后面跟百分数或数字）的及物动词或词组Account for/ represent / constitute / make up表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组注意和 include 区A

45、 is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D.别表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/ predict / forecast表示 "分别 " 的副词Respectively in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively.表示 "大约 " 的副词或者词组About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just un

46、der图表作文（作文 1DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these three points:1. effect of the country s growing human population on its wildlife2. possible reason f

47、or the effect3. your suggestion for wildlife protectionl > 1X)11 IAIIO7S<iR<nVTUOEK UMI.岫如5g闻Mk捕加gn 2 2221 ml M J/e二二二 mz=受一【段落类型分析】IA S1VA IKSH)5a ER TIMEJJ*二tJt_M.I1事 下第一段第二段第三段图画/图表描述段原因阐释段建议措施段文档【参考范文一】From these graphs,we can drawa conclusion that, with the growthof humanand somealthou

48、ghpopulation, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, species have even vanished from our planet.There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing num

49、ber of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so.They catch a lot of w

50、ild animals and sell them in order to get more money.Consequently, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed.The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, t

51、he governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed.Second, thegovernmentsshouldeducate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as forourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. (210 words)【参考范文二】The two charts show that the increase i

52、n the U.S. population has been accompaniedby a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many specieshave been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance.As the human population expands, wild animals in mounting numbers are huntedfor food, or because they are

53、thought to present a threat to man. But studies showthat one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution, which isone of the consequences of population growth and economic development. Thismakes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.I

54、n my opinion, it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, men must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he

55、himself will be extinct. (167 words)【参考范文三】As is seen from the two graphs, it is clear that with the rapid growth of U.S. population from 1800 to 1990, the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soaredduring the same period.Naturally, we can drawthe conclusionthatthesharp decline of wildl

56、ife species resulted from the population growth.Severalreasons may accountfor this phenomenon.To begin with,asthepopulation grows, people consume much more natural resources. Second, with the increase of human activities, modern people take up more and more space which exerts a great influence on other species. Finally, the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry. More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or