情态动词 改动

1、情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征 情态动词有词义吗？情态动词有词义吗？ 情态动词有人称和数的变化吗？情态动词有人称和数的变化吗？3.情态动词有时态吗？情态动词有时态吗？4.情态动词能单独做谓语吗？情态动词能单独做谓语吗？ 情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征 情态动词情态动词有一定的词义有一定的词义，表示某种情绪或，表示某种情绪或 态度，表示可能、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。态度，表示可能、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。 2. 情态动词情态动词没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不，即不随主语的不同而变化。同而变化。 3.must, need没有时态，但没有时态，但有些情态动词如有

2、些情态动词如cancan、may,will,have tomay,will,have to有一般式和过去式有一般式和过去式的变化。的变化。4. 情态动词情态动词不能单独做谓语不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词原形，必须和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。一起构成谓语。情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区形式并不是时间区别的别的 主要标志主要标志, 不少情况下不少情况下, 情态动词的情态动词的现在式现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时示现在时 间、过去时间和将来时间。间、过去时间和将来时间。can / could1) 表示能力。意思为表示能力。意思为“能够、会能够、

3、会”，could表示过去的能力，表示过去的能力，can表示现在的能表示现在的能力。力。He could play the piano at the age of 6.A computer cant think for itself. 表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able to 1)时态上：时态上：2)意义上：意义上： be able to 能用于能用于各种时态各种时态。can / could 只能表示只能表示现在现在或或过过去去的能力。的能力。can / could表示个人有某种能力表示个人有某种能力was / were able to : 表示某人通过努力表示某人通过努

4、力克服困难做成某事克服困难做成某事“设法做成某事设法做成某事”相当于：相当于： managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。如：如：_ you understand the meaning of this sentence?In the fire, he _ escape from the burning building.2 2）表示表示请求和允许请求和允许。 You can go with them if you like.- Could/Can I have a look at your new design? - Yes, of course

5、you can.(注意此处答语不能用注意此处答语不能用could)表示请求，口语中常用表示请求，口语中常用could代替代替can，使语气更委婉。使语气更委婉。3）用在用在肯定句肯定句中，表示中，表示_Anybody can make mistakes.Driving on the snowy roads can be very dangerous.客观上有可能客观上有可能4）表示主观的表示主观的_，主要用在，主要用在否定句和疑否定句和疑问句中。问句中。 It cant be Mary. She is in Shanghai now. 猜测猜测表示推测时，表示推测时，could不是过去式不是过

6、去式，只是语气更委，只是语气更委婉婉 It couldnt be Dad. He wont be back this time of evening. 1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to3. -

7、Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_ A. might B. will C. can D. could 4. Mary _ speak three languages. 5. Children _ dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.6. Traffic accidents _ happen in such snowy weather.7. It _ be Mary. She has fallen ill.能力能力许可许可客观上的可能性客观上的

8、可能性推测推测2. may / might1)表示表示允许，许可允许，许可，might用于过去时用于过去时May I come in?He said I might use his pen.- May I borrow your bike?肯定答语肯定答语否定答语否定答语-Yes, you may./You can./Certainly./Sure.- No, you mustnt./No, you cant./Youd better not.表许可时，等同表许可时，等同于于can/could 2)表示表示主观的可能性主观的可能性，might比比may可能性更小。可能性更小。It may be

9、 true.He might not come today. May the new year bring you peace, joy and happiness. (3) 表示愿望表示愿望May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 祝你旅行开心！祝你旅行开心！ 祝你成功！祝你成功！ Some festivals are held to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.推测推测- Excuse me. Is this the right w

10、ay to the Summer Palace?- Sorry, I am not sure, but it _be. A. might B will C. must D. can - Are you coming to Jeffs party?- Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight 翻译 -我能在这个房间抽烟吗？我能在这个房间抽烟吗？ .- 可以。可以。 - 不行，不行， -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - Yes, you can. - No, you

11、 mustnt1. 表示意愿，表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。表示过去的意愿。I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it. I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen.3. will/would2.用于用于第二人称表示请求、建议第二人称表示请求、建议等，等，would比比will语气委婉、客气。语气委婉、客气。 Will you type this, please? Would you please open the wi

12、ndow?肯定答语肯定答语-Yes, you will./No problem./3. 表示习惯和倾向性表示习惯和倾向性will表示现在的习惯，表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习表示过去的习惯惯(=used to do)。 Fish will die without water. When he was a child, he would often go skiing. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3. During the vacation, he would visit me

13、every four days.4. Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?5. Birds will fly to the south in the winter.意愿意愿意愿意愿习惯，倾向习惯，倾向请求请求过去的习惯过去的习惯4. shall1）shall用于用于第一、第三人称疑问句第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示中，表示说话人说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shall we put off the sports meet until next week?Shall we go by train?Henry is wai

14、ting outside. Shall he come in, sir?2）shall用于用于第二、第三人称的陈述句第二、第三人称的陈述句，表示，表示说话人给对方的说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。等。Tell Jack he shall get a gift if he performed well.(许诺许诺)(警告警告)You shall be punished if you break the rule.(威胁威胁) You shall fail if you dont work hard.Shall When the chairman turns up,

15、nobody shall say a word.Students shall remain in their seats until the papers have been collected.There is a rule that students shall wear uniform.I tell you that you shall regret some day.He shall fall behind if he is always so lazy.He shall be punished if he insists on doing thatYou shall have a n

16、ice present for your birthday if you make progress in study.They shall get what they want if they keep their word.Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 决心、承诺、警告、命令决心、承诺、警告、命令 you heshethey shall.(二三人称陈述）二三人称陈述） 命令命令 警告警告承诺承诺决心决心3）shall用于用于第三人称第三人称，用于叙述，用于叙述条约、规定、条约、规定、法律法律等文件等文件.Those be

17、longing to our club shall wear uniforms.我们俱乐部的成员都应该穿制服。我们俱乐部的成员都应该穿制服。- What does the sign over there read?- “No person _ smoke in this area.” Awill Bmay Cshall D. must5. should 1. should表示表示义务、职责、劝告，意义务、职责、劝告，意为为 “应该应该”。 eg: You should keep your promise.Students should respect teachers. 2）表示说话人）表示说

18、话人_等特殊情感。等特殊情感。Its surprising that Mary should not know Lei Feng.It is a wonder that rice should grow in the desert.You should make friends with such a selfless person.How should I know who he likes？惊讶惊讶3）表示推测，译作）表示推测，译作“应该应该”“”“理应理应”。Its already 10. She promised to come by 10. She should turn up at

19、 any moment.- Shall I go and buy more fruits for the party?- No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _ be enough. A. can B. should C. may D. might Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could dare “敢敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中多用在否定或疑问句中。 The little girl dare not spea

20、k in public. 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗你敢抓小猫吗? dare 当实义动词要考虑人称单复数，时态当实义动词要考虑人称单复数，时态,后跟后跟动词不定式动词不定式to do,但但to可以省略。可以省略。 Do you dare（ to ）walk in the dark? He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one.

21、There was no bus. They had to walk home.1.表表“必须必须” 时，时，must 和和have to 的区别的区别must着重说明着重说明主观意愿，主观意愿，have to 强调客观强调客观不得不。另外，不得不。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 6.must2.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用_否定式用否定式用 _，做，做 “不不必必”, mustnt表示表示_ Must I finish all homework at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. mustn

22、eednt或或dont have to“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许”3. .表示表示_，意思是，意思是_,_,抱怨抱怨偏要，非得偏要，非得Must you make so much noise?If you must smoke, please go out.Must you shout so loudly?Must you copy my homework?My aunt must give lucky money to me. must表示表示“偏要偏要, 硬要硬要”, 指做令人不指做令人不快的事情快的事情4.must 表示表示推测推测时，只能用于时，只能用于肯定句肯定句，表示表示“准准是是

23、”, “一定一定” must have done 对对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断作出的肯定判断must be doing/be+adj/n 对对正在进行正在进行的动作的动作进行肯定推测进行肯定推测 他现在一定在看小说。他现在一定在看小说。He must be reading novels now.路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.情态动词考题情态动词考题:1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only

24、 a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt注意注意： 1. 情态动词情态动词否定形式否定形式的用法的用法: mustnt 不准不准, 禁止禁止 neednt 没必要没必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能may not 不可以不可以; 可能不可能不shouldnt 不应该

25、不应该 ( = ought not to ) 推测推测注意注意： 2. 表示表示推测推测的情态动词的情态动词:May/ mightmustshouldCant/ couldnt表示主观推测，表示主观推测，might的可能性的可能性比比may小小用于肯定句，表示肯定，一定用于肯定句，表示肯定，一定表示理应表示理应表示不可能表示不可能不同的不同的“推测推测”程度可按下列层次排列：程度可按下列层次排列： He is at home. (事实事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）（非常肯定的推断） He should be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may

26、be at home.（仅仅可能而已）（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许（或许, 非常不确定）非常不确定） He might not be at home.（也许不在家）（也许不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事实）（事实） +do:表示对表示对现在或将来现在或将来的情况的推测的情况的推测;+be doing: 表示对表示对正在进行正在进行的情况的推测；的情况的推测；+have done：表示对表示对过去所发生过去

27、所发生事情的推测事情的推测 +be doing+ do+ have done对正在发生的事，情态动词对正在发生的事，情态动词be doingbe doing的形的形式。如：式。如： 1) He isnt in the classroomHe mustmay might be playing football on the playground 他不在教室里。他一定可能在操场上踢足球。 2) Its 12 pmShe can could not be typing now. 已经是夜里十二点了，她不可能现在还在打字。 At this moment, our teacher must be cor

28、recting our exam papers. 情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1). 汤姆可能去上海了汤姆可能去上海了, 但我不是很肯定但我不是很肯定. Tom _ to Shanghai, but Im still not sure about it. 2). 地板很干地板很干, 昨晚不可能下雨了。昨晚不可能下雨了。 The ground is very dry, so it _ last night . 3). 一定有人闯入了我们的卧室一定有人闯入了我们的卧室, 谁会这样做呢谁会这样做呢? Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who _ i

29、t?may have gonecant have rainedcould have done 12 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have r

30、ainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐 公共汽车来上班的。公共汽车来上班的。may (mig

31、ht) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found高考考题高考考题:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _a

32、sleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any

33、 moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D C 1The thief _ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed. A. may climb B. must have climbed C. could have climbed D. should have climbed- Do you know where David is ? I couldnt find him anywhere.- Well. He _have gone far his coat is still here. A

34、. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt may, might, can, could1. They (can/might) _be away for the weekend but Im not sure.2. You (may/might) _leave now if you wish.3. (could/may) _you open the window a bit, please?4. (may/can) _you swim?5. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _ speak during this

35、 exam.might表示猜测表示猜测may表示许可表示许可could表示请求表示请求can 表示能力表示能力may not表示不允许表示不允许may, might, can, could6. They (can not/may not) _ still be out, the light is on in the house.7. You (can/might) _ be right, but Im going back to check it.can not表示猜测表示猜测(不可能不可能)might表示猜测表示猜测 1. We _ smoke here, because the worke

36、r is carrying some petrol. 2. It is dangerous. You _ leave the room immediately. 3. He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young. 4. Write to me when you get home.-I _. 5. -Need I hand in my exercise book at once?-Yes, you_. 6. You have been working all day. You _ be very tired.will, would, sh

37、all, should, must:mustntshouldwouldwillmustmust表示禁止表示禁止,不许可不许可表示建议表示建议,命令命令表示过去习惯表示过去习惯表示意愿表示意愿表示必须表示必须表示肯定猜测表示肯定猜测2. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt1. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. m

38、ust B. need C. should D. can3. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. Shall C. Will D. Would I think Ill give Bob a ring later in the week. You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should练习坊练习坊I. Choose the correct

39、 answer.2. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Should3. There _ any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt be B. shant have C. shouldnt be D. neednt have4. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. Should B. must C. will D. can5. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can6. Someone is knocking at the door. _ it be Venis? No, it _ b