企业对库存的认识大致可分为两类

1、Business School, SDJUChapter 6. Warehouse Management 姜 阵 剑Business School, SDJUlPurpose of WarehouselWarehouse ManagementlWarehouse CostslWarehouses and Stores ProcessesBusiness School, SDJUlWarehouses are viewed as a temporary place to store inventoryl At this channel of distribution the warehouse

2、became a support unit for numerous retail outlets . lProgressive warehousing and integrated retailers developed mechanical and computerised systems. lEfficient warehousing now offered a method of reducing storage and handling costs.Business School, SDJUl企业对“库存”的认识大致可分为两类l从成本控制的角度看l从生产作业的角度看l“库存”在英语里

3、也有两种表达方式：1.Inventory指以支持生产、维护、操作和客户服务为目的而存储的各种物料，包括原材料、半成品和成品等；2.Stock即为存货、积压。Business School, SDJUl两者都有库存之意，但STOCK偏向于指采购进来的原材料库存；而INVENTORY指生产出来的半成品或成品的积压库存！ linventory 会计专业用语中的“存货”。Inventory和和Stock的分界点的分界点F保持适当的库存量对任何企业都是必须的，也是区分Inventory和Stock的分水岭。 Business School, SDJUlWarehouses and distributio

4、n centres have a primary aim, which is to facilitate the movement of goods from suppliers to customers, meeting demand in a timely manner. lIn order to achieve this efficiently they may have to hold stock, but this is not their main role. lIt may be that inventory is held for contingencies or to giv

5、e a rapid customer service or in preparation of a new product launch. Business School, SDJUlSome valid reasons for holding stock include the following: As a buffer To cover demand during suppliers lead time To enable savings to be made through bulk purchases or discounts; To cope with seasonal fluct

6、uations; To provide a variety of product.Business School, SDJUlLogistics managers should view a warehouse as a temporary place to tranship goods to customers. lIncreasing customer service levels, combined with pressures to reduce inventory and costs, and time compression.lThe warehouse is a vital li

7、nk in the supply chain.Business School, SDJUlCrucial issues in distribution may involve the following: Number, type and location of warehouses;Types of vehicles used for trucking and delivery; LICT systems, particularly for order capture, warehouse and stock management and transportation control. Bu

8、siness School, SDJUlOracle Order Capture 设计用于提供一个公共的模块，用于创建并更新报价单与订单。Order capture 设计用于轻松地同第三方和原有定购系统集成。它为企业提供了一个持续的、无缝的定购过程。能使客户最终体验到一种一致的超级体验。它的其他功能涉及使用一个产品配制器，计算复杂的运货与定价指令，保存报价和实时处理信息。 Business School, SDJUlEDI, JIT and LICT, management have the flexibility to react to market change, and these sy

9、stems will apply up to the minute information on stock availability, locations, lead time and dispatch. lIn this environment, management should consider carefully whether there is any need to hold stock or to maintain warehouses at all.Business School, SDJUlWarehouse running costs vary widely depend

10、ing on the nature of their operations. lThe Freight Transportation Association (FTA货运联合会/协会 ,UK) publishes guidelines in which it emphasises the variants of costs.Business School, SDJUlThe main costs are as follows: Staffing; Building services, maintenance and facilities management; Warehouse equipm

11、ent, including maintenance of materials handling equipment and of vehicles. Business School, SDJUlThe application of LICT to warehousing :Stock demand and forecasting; Stock pallet location, space utilization; Stock visibility; Vehicle utilization/asset tracking.Business School, SDJUlLICT may reduce

12、 staffing levels, and may enable the consolidation of warehouses with the resultant reduction of overheads. lMaterial handling equipment and order-picking systems, although initially costly, will have long-term cost benefits. Business School, SDJUlThe functions of a warehouse are as follows: Receipt

13、s StoragePackaging DispatchHousekeeping StocktakingBusiness School, SDJUlThe evolution of warehouse management systems (WMS) is very similar to that of many other software solutions. MRP MRPII ERPBusiness School, SDJUWMS，仓储在企业的整个供应链中起着至关重要的作用，如果不能保证正确的进货和库存控制及发货，将会导致管理费用的增加，服务质量难以得到保证，从而影响企业的竞争力。传统简

14、单、静态的仓储管理已无法保证企业各种资源的高效利用。Business School, SDJU用友ERP-U8l用友ERP-U8 是用友软件2001 推出的成熟ERP 产品.Business School, SDJUOracleWarehouseManagementBusiness School, SDJU Purchases Customer Returns Transfers Outside Processing Customer Shipments Vendor Returns Transfers Outside Processing Pick Pack Inspection Count Assembly Storage Move ReplenishInbound / outbound managementBusiness School, SDJUGlobal PromisingIncreased VelocityJust-in-TimeDeliveryOrder FragmentationGlobal DemandVariableDemandInventory ReductionLabor Reductio