大物上册复习课件4.气体动理论

1、10910102310 15.273)K()C(Tt（p1,V1,T1）pV（p2,V2,T2）1131. 8KmolJRRTMMVPmolmNM TNRVNPAANRkVNnANRk AmolmNMVNn )/1038. 1(23KJknkTP nkTP kTnP11kTnP22kTnP3316n3211111326PPPkTnkTnkTnkTnPCBA、A1n1P12n2PBC13n3PRTMMVPmolRdTMMpdVVdpVd(Pmol)00dpVdp00dVpdV0dTRdTMMpdVmol)/(RdTMMVdpmol)/(0 pdVVdpmolmolMVMMRTPRTMMVPmol

2、241092. 3241096. 1nkTP 241096. 12222nkTPkTPnPP2 0rr0rrmrmr910010,10O0rrf1f2fNniixx122222231zyx321,lllNm1AStIStIStFtSFP1:P1Aam1xxxmmm2xaa1Axm21A2Ayxz1l2l3lx11321221lllmStIPxx1A2Ayxz1l2l3lx11xlt1221, AAa121ltx1Aa122lmxx1Aa122lmxx1A2223213212321231nmmnNmll lNllNlNmll lmPxxxx221mkknmnnmP32)21(323122knP3

3、2nkTP kTk23kTkkTTkkTmk23212PmPVMRTmNkTNmkTmolAA333332RTMmpVmolnkTp 22132vmnpk32np kT23kHeNkTTkTm223212RTMPRTMMVPmolmol22NHeNHePP 4:2:1:222CBACBAppp:16:4:1:32CBATTTmkTnkTP CBA、4:2:116:4:18:4:11:2:4smsmP/495/1024. 1)10013. 1100 . 1 (332522sm/495KT273atmP2100 . 132/1024. 1mkgPaatm510013. 11zyxzyxzxzyxz

4、yzyxCCOOO(a)(b)(c)yxzyxzyxzxzyxzyzyxCCOOO(a)(b)(c)yxzyxzyxzxzyxzyzyxCCOOO(a)(b)(c)yxkTmk23212kTmmmzyx21212121222kT21zyx,kTk21统计平均统计平均频繁碰撞频繁碰撞平衡态平衡态。动能动能势能势能 能量能量 kTsrt)(21kTs2Tsrt)2(21trskT23kT25kT263i5i6iRTNkTA2323kTi21molRTMMmol23RTMMmol25： RTMMmol26molm热运动动能热运动动能振动势能振动势能、相互作用势能相互作用势能分子做不规则运动的动能分子

5、做不规则运动的动能):(2)(2rtiRTiTkNiNEAkAmol其中物质的质量给定，种类给定，物质的质量给定，种类给定，E只与温度有关，因此理想气体只与温度有关，因此理想气体内能是温度的单值函数。内能是温度的单值函数。1molMmolMRTiMMEmol26535212325:2221RTMMRTMMEEmolHeHemolOO2:1/21VV21:EE2:13:56:510:3RTiMMEmol2RTN25:2VPPPVPVE)(2525)(2512PViRTiMMEmol22)(2512PPVmol1),(1VPA),(2VPB年龄段年龄段0-1010-2020-3030-4040-5

6、050-6060-7070-人数300200040008001400300400200所占比例3.2%21%42.5%8.5%14.9%3.2%4.3%2.4%年龄段年龄段0-2020-4040-6060-人数230048001700600所占比例24.2%51.0%18.1%6.7%/ )(dN)(NdxxfNdN)(: )(xf:dxNddNf)(NdNNddNdfNdN)(NddNf)()(f: )(f:)(dfdd)(f)(fddf)(NdN)(f021)(dfdfNdN)(01)(dfmolpMRTmkTf220)( dd)(f012pkTmekTmf2/22/32)2(4)(dek

7、TmNdNkTm2/22/32)2(4dd)(f0pO2O2pNdNNdNNNnnnn012121n1dN2dNndNdf0)(molmolMRTMRT88molmolMRTMRT88molmolpMRTMRT22molmolMRTMRT332p2df)()(f21)(df0)(dfdNf)(NddNNdNdNNNdd210omolpMRT22O2H)(f2PO2PH2O2Hp2pA2)(2)(pB2)(pC2)(pDmolmolMRTMRT60. 18molmolpMRTMRT41. 12molmolMRTMRT73. 1322pNm)(f2Am00mA)0(m102dAm33mAmmAdAdfmm434)(4030RTMMPVmoln