infiniteusages

1、 Part 1To infinitive & Bare infinitiveUnit 1Getting along with othersDo you believe I can fly like a bird?How can you believe I can fly like a bird?_is to believe. Its impossible for humans _now.To seeto fly like a bird结构结构 : to do;(否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing t

2、o have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎同时几乎同时/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (进行式进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时表示在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作不定式的动作也正在进行也正在进行) )( (完成式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前

3、表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用(1).不定式作不定式作主语主语时时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To see is to belie

4、ve. Its impossible for humans to fly like a bird now. My job to_. Your task to_ .(2).不定式作表语不定式作表语protect the world. He likes to_. I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.(3) 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语play basketball句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agre

5、e, afford, appear, ask, attempt；care, choose, claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect, fail, get, guarantee；hate, hesitate, hope, hurry；intend, learn, manage, offer,plan, prepare, pretend, promise；refuse, seem, tend, threaten；want, wish 等等+ to do。通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词： agree (同意同意)

6、； offer (提出提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求要求)； promise (答应答应)； help (帮忙帮忙)； prepare (准备准备)； decide (决定决定)； refuse (拒绝拒绝)；dare (敢于敢于)； choose (选择选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装假装)； manage (设法设法)； determine （决心）。（决心）。同意提出做计划，同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。

7、要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚设法做成决心坚. The teacher told me to_I expect you to_.(4). 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补hand in my papersThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make h

8、ave 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelWarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth+ sb do sth（省略省略to）I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).变成被动，被省略的变成被动，被省略的to 要还原要还原。不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有如果这些介词前有行为动词行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带t

9、o.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.Note 1Note 2I have a very important meeting to attend.I have a lot of work to do.It is the best way to help him.(5).不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。而且放在其他后置定语之后。3. something, anything, nothing, everyth

10、ing等等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）6. to do as an adverbial不定式不定式可以作状语，表示目的

11、、结果、原可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。因、条件等。I got up early to_. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.(6) 不定式作状语不定式作状语in order to，为了，以便，为了，以便 , so as to , 为了为了.,以便以便enough to ,足以做足以做.only to ,不料结果是不料结果是. too.to.,太太.而不能而不能catch the train so as to (不能放句首不能放句首)，to，in order to作目的状语作目的状语All the

12、se gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 在在soas to，suchas to，only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only _ that the train had

13、gone. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found enough to，tooto结构结构e.g. The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school. e.g. I am glad to meet you. 形容词形容词(glad，happy，lucky，fortunate，surprised，angry，anxious，ready，quick，slow，cruel，clever等等)+ 不定式结构作原因状语不定式结构作原因状语7. 作

14、插入语作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如：看法、对整个句子进行解释，如：to be frank/honest(坦白地说坦白地说)，to be sure(确实确实)，to make the matter worse(更糟糕的是更糟糕的是)等。等。e.g. To tell you the truth, I hate you.To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthHe didnt k

15、now _.(8) . 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用what to say不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.(.(宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important.(.(主语主语) ) My question is when to start. (. (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与w

16、hywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简短开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。表达向。表达向某人提建议。翻译成某人提建议。翻译成“为什么不为什么不.?.?干干 Why not have a rest? Why not take a holiday？ It means the infinitive without to.使役动词使役动词let，make，have，动词不定式，动词不定式不加不加to。如：如：I let her borrow my book.She made me promise

17、to write every day.The teacher often has his students read aloud in class.Bare infinitive感官动词感官动词feel，hear，see，watch，动词，动词不定式不加不定式不加to。如：如：I saw her talk to her new friends.She heard the boy break his glasses. 注意：在被动语态中则注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。不能省掉。e.g. A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wal

18、let was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. would rather，had better，why not，动，动词不定式不加词不定式不加to。如：如：I would rather go swimming.You had better tidy your bedroomWhy not visit your cousin in Japan?为了避免重复，由为了避免重复，由and和和or连接两个不定连接两个不定式时，一般可以省略第二个不定式符号式时，一般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。如：如：Im really puzzled what to

19、 think or say. We want to swim and climb the hills next Saturday. 找出下列各句中的动词不定式，并指出它们在句中充当的成分。找出下列各句中的动词不定式，并指出它们在句中充当的成分。1. Its a shame to laugh at your friend.2.You must learn to be patient.3. Madam Curie was the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.4.Our plan is to finish all the

20、work two days ahead of schedule.5. Hannah promised not to let out my secret.6. They persuaded him to give up smoking.7. Sarah was determined to score good marks in the final exam.把括号中所给动词的适当形式填空把括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1.The play _(produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.2.He told us whet

21、her_(have)a picnic was still under discussion.3.David threatened_(report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.1. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating2. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wo

22、rk extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. bei

23、ng taken D. taking5. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep6. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but h