（精心整理）高三语法专练动词时态、语态

1、 高三语法专练动词时态、语态1.定义 动词时态是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。2.种类 英语动词有十六种时态，常用的有八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。 以动词write为例，时态的构成形式如下：式时 一 般进 行完 成完成进行现在writewrites 过去 将来过去将来3.特点1）一般现在时 1. He often _to see his grandfather.A. going B. to go C. has gone D. goes2. China _ a great country.A. is B.

2、was C. are D. had been3. I _ a teacher while you _ students. A. am; were B. was ; are C. am ; are D. has been; have been表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与often, usually, sometimes, every day表频率的时间状语连用。1. Light energy _ from the sun.A. is coming B. came C. has come D. comes2. The geography

3、teacher told us the earth _around the sun.A. moved B. moves C. has moved D. is being moved3. It never _ here in winter.A. snow B. snows C. has snows D. has snowed表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）1. All the students here _ No.4 Middle School. A. is belonging to B. belonged to C. belong to D. to belong to2. The sur

4、face of the table _ smooth enough.A. isnt felt B. doesnt feel C. isnt feeling D. hasnt felt3. A mother who _ her son will do everything for his happiness.A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belo

5、ng to、 seem等。1. He will come to call on you the moment he _ his work.A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. finished2. Once you _ used to the weather here, you _ this place.A. had got; probably liked B. will get; probably like C. get; probably D. get; will probably like3. I will go to see you

6、 if I _ my work.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. had finished4. Even though we _, we _ stop trying.A. fail; wont B. will fail; wont C. fail; dont D. will fail; dont在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。注意：1) If you _ here a minute, the manager will be in a moment.A. are waiting B. are going to wait

7、C. wait D. will wait2) 如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态1. The train _ at 4 p.m.A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. has left2. The shop _at 11:00 p.m. every day.A. closes B. closed C. is

8、 closing D. has closed3. Tomorrow _ Wednesday.A. will be B. is going to C. are D. is少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。2）现在进行时1. Now he _ a book about a hero. I dont suppose he will finish it soo

9、n.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing2. Look, how fast he _!A. running B. is running C. ran D. runs表示正在进行的动作。1. I_ a lot more time on English than before.A. has been spending B. am spending C. spent D. had spent2. - _ Mr. Brown _ this week?- No. He is on holiday. A. Has; worked B. Does;

10、work C. Did; work D. Is working 表示现在一段时间正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。1. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken2. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down3.

11、My uncle_ this evening. Ill meet him at the airport.A. is coming B. comes C. has come D. came表示按计划安排就要发生的动作，go, come , leave, arrive, start, begin, return, fly等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时1. He _ of how he can do more for others.A. is always thinking B. always thinks C. is always thought D. always was thinking2.

12、I cant stand him. He _ his mind.A. was constantly changing B. is constantly changing C. constantly change D. constantly changing表示一种经常的习惯行为。常和副词如：always，constantly，continually等连用，往往带有讨厌、赞叹等感情色彩。1. He _ to understand that he did wrong to his sister.A. begin B. has been begun C. will begin D. is begin

13、ning2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not easy because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. The weather _warmer and warmer when spring comesA. was getting B. is getting C. got D. has got表示发展中或正在改变的情况。 改错：1I am loving my hometown. I

14、t is getting more and more beautiful.2He is hearing that there will be a party in the hall.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。 （B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。 （C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept,

15、permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。3）现在完成时1. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written2. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all dir

16、ections in the past five years.A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread3. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A. had been B. was C. will be D. has been4. I _ the bad cold for a week and still cant get rid of it.A. have had B. had caught C. have caught D. caught 现在完成时表

17、示过去已开始，持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示“现在”在内的时间状语连用。这些状语有： recently(lately),up to (till) now, so far ,in (for) the past（last) few years, for three years.1)-Are any of the guests here?- Yes, two people _.A. arrived already B. already arrive C. have already arrived D. are already arrived2. The evening pa

18、rty _. You are a little late.A. just begun B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now现在完成时所表达的事情虽然发生在过去，但着重说明这件事在目前的结果及对现在的影响。往往和already, yet, just , never, ever等时间状语连用，1. Since liberation great changes _ in my hometown.A. took place B. have been taken place C. have taken place D. are

19、 taken place2. He _ in this company since he graduated from Hunan University in 1998.A. worked B. has been worked C. is working D. has worked3. His grandfather _ for two years.A. was dead B. died C. has been dead D. has died由since，for引导的时间状语，通常和现在完成时连用。1. Once you _ a promise, you must carry it out.

20、A. have made B. made C. is making D. had made2. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stopped B. will stop C. had stopped D. has stopped 现在完成时用于时间或条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。1._ six years since we began studying English.A. There are B. It was C. It have D. It has been2. Its the third time you _ late for school thi

21、s week.A. have been B. had been C. are D. were3. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into4. Thats the only book that he _ .A. had written B. has written C. was writing D. write5.What do you think of this film?-This is the best one I _ .A.

22、 saw B. had ever seen C. will see D. have ever seen下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 (过去时)This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 现在完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 现在完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 现在完成时例如：我入团已经5年了。1） I have been a Leag

23、ue member for 5 years.2） It's / have been five years since I joined the League.3） I joined the League 5 years ago.4） I have been a League member since 5 years ago.4）一般过去时1. Once upon a time there _ an old man called John in the small village.A. lives B. lived C. living D. to live 2. I _ an old f

24、riend of mine in the street the other day.A. meet B. has met C. met D. had met一般过去时所表示的行为或状态都已成为过去，即现在已不复存在。常常和表示过去具体的时间状语连用：yesterday，just now，last night，a few days(months)ago，in 1990，the other day等等。1. He _ go to work on footA. was B. is C. is used to D. used to2. When evening came，we_ sit on the

25、grass，chatting happilyA. are B. would C. were D. have been一般过去时在表达过去习惯性动作时，可以用情态动词used to，would等表示。1The man went to town, _ some fruit and visited his old friends.A. bought B. had bought C. buys D. buying2. He bought a watch but_ it.A. lose B. had lost C. has lost D. lost表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时

26、。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。1.- You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda, Do you like it?-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。1Oh! Its you. I

27、_ you were here.A. dont know B. hadnt known C. didnt know D. havent known2. - Youve agreed to go. So why arent you getting ready? - But I _ that you would have me start at once.A. dont realize B. didnt realize C. hadnt realized D. havent realized3. I _the film would be interesting, but it isnt.A. th

28、ought B. think C. have thought D. would think5）过去进行时1. What _ you _ this time yesterday? A. were, doing B. are, doing C. have, done D. had, done2. - Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3. - Sorry to have interrupted y

29、ou. Please go on. - Where was I ? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying4. - Bob, you are so absent-minded. - Oh, Im sorry. I _attention to you, Miss Green.A. havent paid B. wasnt paying C. am not paying D. couldnt have paid过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生

30、或频繁发生。与这个时态连用的时间状语常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。 1. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel2. - You were out when I dropped in at your house. - Oh, I _ for a friend fr

31、om England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited3. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C.had fallen; rode D.had fallen; was riding某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中6）过去完成时1. By the end of last year,

32、we_ 20,000 cars. A. have produced B. had produced C. produced D. would produce2. The train _when we reached the station. A. had left B. is leaving C. have left D. leaves to you.3. He was very sorry for what he _A. has said B. had said C. was saying D. would say4. She did not go to the cinema because

33、 she _ the film before.A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. was going to see5. She said that she _ in that country since 1988.A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。常有by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since等时间状语。1. I _ to come, but I was too busy.A. have meant B. mean

34、C. would mean D. had meant表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/thought / wanted /wished/ expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。1. No sooner _ we _ than the bus started.A. have; been seated B. had; been seated C. was; seated D. will; be seated2. He _ hardl

35、y _ the station when the train _.A. had; entered; had left B. /; entered; left C. have; entered; left D. had; entered; left表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。 注意：在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。1）After he (had) left the room, the boss came

36、in.2）We arrived home before it snowed.7）一般将来时一般将来时表示现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其表达方式有如下几种：1He_ to meet you at the stationA. to come B. had come C. will come D. coming 2. We_ without air or water.A. will die B. die C. died D. have died3. Dont get that ink on your shirt, for it _.A. wont wash out B. wasnt wash

37、ed out C. wont be washing out D. hasnt washed out4. - Sorry , I forgot to post the letter for you. - Never mind. I _ it myself.A. post B. will post C. am going to post D. is posting(1)will(shall)+动词原形表示未来的动作或状态 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。1. What _you _ do after the class?A. are; going to B. sh

38、all; / C. will; to D. do; to2. Look at these clouds. _.A. Itll rain B. Its going to rain. C. Itll be raining D. Its to rain(2)be going to+动词原形打算、准备在最近或将来进行某事。 现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生的某种情况1. You _ back by nine oclock.A. are B. are to be C. will D. shall2. These books _taken out of the roomA. will not B. ar

39、e not going to C. arent been D. arent to be(3) be to+动词原形表示按计划、安排要发生的事。 用于正式的指示、命令或禁止。1. Look! The race_ startA. is about to B. is about C. is D. was2. We _ leave.A. are going B. are C. are about to D. will be(4)be about to+动词原形 be about to结构与be to结构的区别在于前者是表示即将发生的动作，即说话时与动作发生相隔的时间更短。它不可带表示将来的时间状语。8

40、）过去将来时1. He said he _ help me if I was in trouble.A. will B. would C. is D. was 2. When we _ leave for the church, it began to rain.A. were to B. were about to C. would go to D. could be able to过去将来时表示过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其表达方式一般为在一般将来时的表达方式的基础上，将时态改为过去式参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.;

41、come、go、leave等过去进行时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。 补充：1.现在完成进行时We _for the bus half an hour, but it hasnt come yet.A. have been waiting B. have waited C. are waiting D. have been waited表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，且有可能继续延续下去。与现在完成时相比更强调“一直在进行”2. 将来完成时We _ our work by 8 oclock tomorr

42、ow.A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. had finished表示从现在看来，到将来某时已经完成的动作。常与by连用。语 态主动语态（ active voice ）主语是动作的执行者Peter cleans the room every day. 被动语态（ passive voice ）主语是动作的承受者（只有 Vt才有被动）The room is cleaned every day （by Peter）被动语态谓语动词：be及物动词的过去分词 (口语中也用get / become + 过去分词表示。)以do为

43、例，被动语态的时态构成如下：式时 一 般进 行完 成现在amis doneare amis being doneare has have been done过去waswere done waswere being donehad been done将来 shall be done will过去将来shouldwould be done (1)主动变被动：1My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I wa

44、s given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时双宾语的变化,可将其中一个宾语变成被动语态的主语，另一个宾语保留不动。2The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。3You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling.Your pronunciation and sp

45、elling should be paid attention to.4. She took good care of the children.The children were taken good care of (by her).短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。5. You had better not do the job again. The job had better not be done again.6. The worker used not to clean the garden. The garden used not to be cleaned./ didnt

46、 use to be cleaned.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。7. People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.8. People know paper was made in China first.Paper is known to have been made in China first.I

47、t is known that paper was made in China first.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that (2）不能用被动语态的几种情况1. The story _ in the city.A. took place B. was taken place C. was happened D. had been taken place2. The meeting _ two hours.A. was lasted B. has been lasted C. lasted D. is lasting3. This car _ my brother.A. is belonged to B. belong to C. is belong to D. belongs to4. He _ English.A.