英语：选修10-Units1-5全册知识点汇总(新人教版)(共25页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上选修10 Units1-5全册知识点汇总（新人教版） 重要词汇讲解Unit 1honoru荣誉，光荣；c光荣的事，引以为豪的事常用词组：on my honor “以我的荣誉担保”have the honor of doing sth. “很荣幸能够做某事”do sb, the honor of doing sth. “做某事使某人感到特别荣幸“be an honor to do sth. “很荣幸能够做某事“in honor of “为了向表示敬意；为纪念”I promise I'll pay you back, on my honor.我以人格担保，一定把钱

2、还给你。May I have the honor of this dance?可以赏光和我跳这个舞吗？Will you do me the honor of dining with me?可否赏光与我一起吃饭?I feel it a great honor be asked to speak here.St Petersburg was renamed Leningrad in honor of Lenin after his death.列宁死后，为了纪念他，圣彼得堡改名为列宁格勒。【拓展】honored adj. “荣幸的”I feel highly honored by your tru

3、st.我得到您的信任, 感到十分荣幸。breathlessa. 喘不过气来的=out of breathI was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain.当我到达山顶上时，我已经上气不接下气了。I met him in a hot and breathless afternoon.我是在一个又闷又热的下午遇到他的b. 屏住呼吸的 The children are breathless as they watch the tightrope act.孩子们在看走绳索表演时呼吸都屏住了。circumstancec n

4、. 环境,状况,事件(通常用复数) Circumstances forced us to change our plans.客观情况迫使我们改变了计划。The circumstances of this case are unusual这件案子的情况很不寻常。 Under the circumstances, he felt unable to accept the job.在这种情况下, 他觉得无法接受这项工作。 Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。重要词组in/under no circums

5、tances “决不;无论如何也不”Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国决不首先使用核武器。She won't give up in any circumstances. 在任何情况下她都不会屈服。inunder the circumstances “在这种情况下；因为这种情况”。It's amazing that they did so well under the circumstances.In exceptional circumstances students

6、may take exams at other times.如遇特殊情况，学生可在其他的时段考试。aliveadj “活着的；活泼的”。形容词作伴随状语，说明状态，而不是方式。As soon as the king died, the queen was buried alive.皇帝一死，皇后就被活埋。Make sure that he is captured alive.一定要捉活他。类例:1).Suddenly he fell on the ground dead.突然，他倒地而死。2).He went to bed, cold and hungry他上床睡觉时觉得又冷又饿。tearc

7、n. 泪滴 My wife burst into tears when she heard the bad news.vt. （在某物上）撕、扯、划、刺（洞或裂口）；强行使某人离开某人；撕开，撕碎，撤掉She tore her skirt on the nail.She tore the child from its fathers arms. Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk.Don't pull the pages so hard or they will tear.别那么使劲扯书页,

8、 那会撕破的。This cloth tears easily. ( 注意：当强调主语的特性时，不用被动)这布料容易撕破。hold on （口）等一下；坚持住；抓住或握住某人（某物）Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. They managed to hold on until help arrived.I dont think I can hold on much longer.He held on (to the rock) to stop himself slipping.These nuts（螺母） and bolts（螺栓） hold

9、 the wheels on. stick:n. 棍, 棒, 条状物；呆头呆脑，不善交际的人v. 插于, 刺入, 粘；忍受；The old man could not walk without a stick.He is a regular stick.他是个十足的木头人The key stuck in the lock.This glue doesnt stick very well. (注意：描述注意特性时不用被动)I cant stick it any more.重要词组：stick to “坚持”be/get stick to “陷入;遭遇了困境”stick ones neck out

10、 to do “做有风险的事”He sticks to his own opinion.The bus was stuck in the mud.He got stuck in traffic for an hour and missed the train. When I was in trouble, Paul was the only one who would stick his neck out to help me.当我遇到麻烦时，只有保罗会冒风险来帮助我。must have+过去分词表示对过去事情的猜测，而且是很有把握的猜测,但只用于肯定句。He looked great. He

11、 must have enjoyed his holiday.他看上去气色很好，他一定是度过了一个开心的假期。My coat isnt there. Someone must have taken it by mistake.我的外套不在那儿，准是有人拿错了。urgenta. 急迫的, 紧要的, 紧急的They've made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需将食物和衣服送

12、给灾民。（注意：It is urgent that后的句子用should +v. should 可以省）vitala. 与生命有关的，维持生命所必须的（作定语）； （对某事的存在、成功或运作）极重要的，必不可少的精力充沛的；有活力的The heart performs a vital bodily function.心脏起著维持生命的重要作用。The government saw the introduction of new technology as vital.政府认为引进新技术至关重要。The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his m

13、en with courage.指挥官朝气蓬勃和欢欣愉悦的神态使士兵们勇气倍增。 注意It is vital that we move quickly.She's a very vital sort of person. 她是个精力旺盛的人give way to“让位，让道；妥协，屈服；转为“ Cloudy mornings give way to clear evenings.【谚】早晨云遮日，晚上星满天。Mrs. Jones didnt give way to fears during the flood.洪水来临时琼斯太太并没有害怕。Dont give way to grief

14、despair. Dilly kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way.If he is given way to, he will only make further demands.要是我们向他妥协，那他就会提出更多的要求。As winter gave way to spring, the days began to lengthen.冬天过去, 春天来到。白天越来越了。set out“清楚而详细地解释或描绘; 认真着手(做某事); 出发；陈列或摆设“ The reasons f

15、or my decision are set out in my report. 逐项列出 He set out his plans for the department in his report详细陈述 When we set out on this project, we knew it would be successful. After a short rest, we set out again.Please set out the chairs for the meeting in rows of ten. 词语联想set about (sth) 着手(某项工作)set back

16、妨碍，阻碍set down把放下来set in(气候，季节等)开始set off 动身，出发；发射set up竖起；创立 rank:n. 等级, 排, 阶级 v. 排列, 归类于, 列于 （不用于进行时）He is above me in rank. 他的级别比我高。a painter of the first /top rank 第一流的画家people of all ranks and classes 各阶层各阶级的人This tennis player ranked third in the world.这位网球运动员排名世界第三。A general ranks a captain.将军

17、的级别比上尉高。I rank her among the country's best writers.我认为她可属于全国最优秀作家行列。I rank her achievement very highly.我对她的成就评价很高。Where/How do you rank Karpov as a chess player?你把卡尔波夫列为哪一级的棋手?Does he rank among/with the failures?他可以算作失败的那一类人吗?contributev. “捐助； 导致；有助于；投稿；贡献; ”（经常和介词to 相连）Each worker contributed

18、 $1 to the Red Cross(红十字会). Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs. She has contributed s

19、everal poems to literary magazines. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?可否冒昧请求你出一份力?boomn. “繁荣; 盛行” v. “ 发出深沉、有回想的声音；用深沉的嗓音说话; 处于经济发展时期”The oil market is enjoying a boom.石油市场欣欣向荣。He made his pile during the property boom.在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财。 We could hear the enemy guns booming away

20、in the distance.我们能听到远处敌人的大炮轰隆声。The headmasters voice boomed out across the playground.校长翁生翁气的声音传遍操场。The computer industry is booming.计算机业繁荣起来。 【拓展】booming adj 景气好的Technology is a booming sector of the economy.技术是一个迅速发展的经济部门。 swear （sworesworn）v. 发誓,宣誓,咒骂swear to do “发誓做某事”swear that +句子 swear to se

21、crecy “(使人)发誓保密”They swore to carry out their duties faithfully.他们发誓要忠实履行自己的职责。I swear by Almighty God that I will tell the truth.我对万能的上帝发誓我要说真话。I swore her to secrecy about what I had told her.我要她起誓对我告诉她的事保守秘密。The President has to be sworn in publicly.总统必须当众宣誓就职。Has the jury been sworn (ie official

22、ly appointed by taking an oath)?陪审团宣誓了吗She bumped her head in the doorway and swore loudly.她的头撞到门框上, 大骂了一声.advocatev. “主张, 提倡” 后面常街名词或动名词。They advocated the use of force.他们提倡要动用武力。I advocate a policy of gradual reform.我拥护逐步改革的政策。He advocated, though he did not practice, the no-drinking policy. 他主张禁酒

23、，虽然他自己并不实行。 He advocates reducing military spending.他主张削减军费开支。Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗?standv. “自己付钱向某人提供；经受住；忍受, 使(液体)保持静止不动；静置，沉淀”Let me stand you a dinner.让我请你一顿饭。This work will hardly stand close examination.这种作品很难经得起认真的检验。He cant stand hot weather. 受不住L

24、et the words stand. 不要改动这些字。Leave the water to stand overnight.让水沉淀Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see what happens.将混合溶液静置20分钟。give off“排出; 散发出; 发出(光,热,气味等)”The gas give off an unpleasant smell.这种气体散发出一种难闻的气味。The engine gives off smoke and steam.发动机发出烟气和水蒸气。When wine is fermented it gives off

25、bubbles of gas.酒发酵时会放出气泡。As motor vehicles burn fuel, they give off carbon monoxide as a waste.在汽车燃烧燃料时, 产生废气一氧化碳。remains复数形式的名词，“剩余物;遗迹;遗体，残骸”。the remains of a meal 残羹剩饭the remains of an army 残兵败将human remains 人的尸体The remains of the supper were taken away.His mortal remains are buried in the church

26、yard.After the wheat crop has been gathered, many farmers burn the remains and plough the ashinto the soil, so as to enrich it.小麦收割完成后，农夫们把剩余物烧掉，然后用犁把灰埋入地里，使土地更肥沃。die down“逐渐减弱、降低、察觉不到” The wind died down风势渐渐弱了下来。The excitement soon died down那股兴奋劲儿渐渐冷了下来。词语联想die away 减弱（以至察觉不到；淡化 （注意：die down和die aw

27、ay有时可以互换）die off (有生命的群体)一个接一个地死去die out (家族,种族,习俗,观念等)完全消失；绝种cautionn. “小心, 慎重, 警示 ” v. “警告”He told us to proceed with caution.他告诉我们要谨慎行事You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog.在雾中开车要极为小心。I must caution you against the danger.We were cautioned not to drive too fast.人家提醒我们车不要开得太快。I w

28、ould caution against undue optimism.我奉劝不要过于乐观。perseverevi “坚持；忍耐”, 后面常接in或with。 He persevered in his studies.他孜孜不倦地学习。She persevered with her piano lessons.她持之以恒地努力学钢琴。The police will persevere with their efforts to investigate the crime.警方会尽全力将这起犯罪案件调查到底。repay“回报, 报答; 偿还” 常用短语repay sb. for sth. rep

29、ay sb. with / by doing sth. When do you think you will be able to repay us?I couldnt find a way of repaying the familys kindness我不知该如何报答这一家人的好意。We'll never be able to repay you for everything you've done for us.我们永远也无法报答你为我们所做的一切。She tried to be a good teacher, and the students repaid her wi

30、th their love and respect.After I have done so much for you, how can you repay me by lying to me?我为你付出这么多，你怎么能用谎话来回报我?commitmentc n “承诺; 责任; 约束” We've made a commitment to help, and we will.我们已经答应帮忙，我们一定说到做到。I cant do this job right now because of other commitments.因为还有别的事要做，目前我不能做这项工作。He couldn

31、t go on holiday with us because of work commitments他公务缠身，不能和我们一起去度假。Unit 2hand over“移交；让与”The pickpocket was handed over to the police.扒手被送交警方。词组联想hand down “传给后代” = hand on, pass downThis pair of bracelets was handed down from my great-grandmother.这副手镯是我曾祖母传下来的。hand on 1)“传递”2)“把传下来” (= hand down)P

32、lease read his and hand it on.请你读后加以传阅。Please read this notice and hand it on.“请把这张通知看一下,并传阅。”riches(n.) “财富，财宝，金钱” 没有单数形式。 如：Riches have wings. 钱财易散。（谚语）She gave away all her riches. 她把自己的全部财产赠送给了别人。even在句中起强调作用，常放在行为动词之前、助动词、情态动词之后。如： In order to watch the World Cup soccer game, they even closed t

33、he sore.为了看世界杯足球赛，他们甚至把店门关了。I didnt even know his name. 我甚至不知道他的名字。Some robots can even talk to . 一些机器人甚至能和你对话。 Its ones turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事”Today it is my turn to clean our classroom.今天轮到我打扫教室。Its your turn to recite the poem. 到你背这首诗了。 turn的词组take turns doing sth. “轮流做某事”。in turn “轮流地; 挨个, 依次;

34、反过来”by turns “轮流地; 时而.时而.”be equal in“在某方面相等” Are men and women equal in physical strength? 男人和女人在体力上相当吗？You and I are equal in strength, but not in intelligence.你我力气相当，但智力有高下之分。 be equal to “与 相等”They receive an income that is equal to the value of the goods they produce.他们所得的收入与他们生产的产品价值相当。“祈使句+or

35、/and +陈述句”句型，陈述句表示结果。Get up earlier, or you will miss the first train.早点起床，否则你会错过第一班火车。Use your head, and you will have a way to solve the problem.动动脑筋，你就会想出解决问题的办法。be a stranger to “对 陌生，对 没有经验，对不习惯”He is a stranger to our country. 他不了解我们国家。He is no stranger to hardship. 他曾历尽沧桑。 When 表示“如果，既然”之意，相当

36、于if, since, now that.How can he get good grades when he doesnt study hard? 他不用功的话Why does she always drive to work when she could easily take the bus? hear sb out“听某人说完”Dont interrupt, just hear me out.别打扰我，听我说完。Sorry, I wish I had time to hear you out, but could you make your story shorter?我真希望我有时间

37、听你说完，你能不能把故事缩短些？on behalf of“代表，为了的利益”I am writing this letter on behalf of my mother, who wants to thank you for your nicegift.我代表我的妈妈写这封信，她要感谢你送的精美礼物。They are collecting on behalf of charity.他们以慈善的名义集资。beyond question= cannot be doubted 不用怀疑的，毋庸置疑的His honesty is beyond question. 他的忠诚是毋庸置疑的。 out of

38、 question “毫无疑问” out of the question “不可能, 不容讨论”would rather than “宁愿 而不 ” I would rather stay at home than go to cinema? 我宁愿待在家里也不去看电影。would rather die than surrender.宁死不投降。have / get done1)“叫别人做某事”(= ask sb to do sth )Weve just had the house decorated.我们刚叫人把房子装修了一下。Doesnt Mike look smart? He has h

39、ad that suit made specially for the wedding.迈克看上去很潇洒，是吧？他那身西装是专为婚礼而定做的。2)“遭受某种不幸”I had my watch stolen last night. 昨晚我的手表被偷了。Mind you. It's easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd.“请注意,在人群中你衣袋内的东西是很容易被人扒窃的。”give sb a trial“试用某人” I did well in the job interview and they decided to give me

40、a trial. 由于我在求职面试中发挥出色，他们决定试用我。He is capable man. It would be a mistake not to give him a trial. 他是精明能干的人。不给他试用机会是不对的。keep sb on= continue to employ someone “继续留用”How many people will be kept on by the company? 有多少人会被公司留用？Youre not fit for the job. We cant keep you on.你不适合这个工作，我们不能继续留用你。Shes a smart

41、 girl. Its a pity that they dont keep her on.她是个挺聪明有女孩子。他们不继续留用她，真可惜。due“应得的，应给的，应支付的，适当的，预定的，到期的”A great deal of money is due to you. 应当付你一大笔钱。After due consideration, they decided to retreat.他们经过适当考虑后决定撤退。When is your baby due? 你的孩子预计什么时候出生。These library books are due next month.这些图书馆的图书下个月到期应还。su

42、spect“怀疑，猜想”，后接名词或从句 I suspect the same, but I keep telling myself it was my imagination. 我曾这样怀疑过，但我不断告诉自己说，这只是我的想象罢了。He seems poor, but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money. 他看上去很穷，可是我怀疑他很有钱。Dont suspect my loyalty. 不要怀疑我的忠诚。Is it any wonder (that)? = It is no/little wonder (that)“不奇怪，不足为奇” W

43、ith such talented players, is it any wonder they won？他们捅有如此优秀的运动员，获胜就不足为奇了。 Is it any wonder that he speaks good English after living in the US for many years.他在美国生活了很多年，英语说得很好，这难道有什么好奇怪的吗？continually 和continuously 的区别两者均可表示“连续的，不间断地”，但前者表示“一段时间内多次发生”、“时断时续”或“中断时间很短而以接连发生”；而后者指“连续不断地，不停歇地”The teleph

44、one has be ringing continually in the office all morning. 整个早上办公室的电话铃声不断。The telephone rang continuously for five minutes.电话铃声连续响了五分钟。 behave(vi) “举动，举止，行为表现”。可以用副词修饰。The boy behaved very well last night.这个男孩昨天晚上的表现挺好。The child behaved badly at the party.那孩子在聚会上的表现很差。vt，但它只能接反身代词，behave oneself.Plea

45、se behave yourself.举止要得体The children behaved themselves at the party. Im proud of them. 孩子们在聚会上举止得体，我为他们而感到骄傲。不定式在句末多作结果状语，表示预料之外的结果，且常与only连用。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起了石头，结果砸了自己的脚。The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told that the film stars had left.当记者赶

46、到机场时，却被告知电影明星已经走了。Unit3boycottvt“抵制”to refuse to buy something, use something, or take part in something as a way of protestingWe boycott all products tested on animals.我们抵制用动物做产品实验。noun an act of boycotting something, or the period of time when it is boycotted常用词组：called for a boycott-号召抵制organize

47、a boycott-组织抵制The group is urging a nationwide boycott of toys manufactured with child labor.这个组织呼吁联合抵制雇佣童工生产的玩具。He called for a boycott of the hibit“禁止, 阻止” Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.厂内严禁吸烟注意：prohibit sb from doing sth “禁止，阻止别人作某事”They are prohibited from reveal

48、ing details about the candidates.他们被禁止透露候选人信息offensen (动词形式：offend) The possession of stolen property is a criminal offence. 占有偷盗赃物是一种犯罪行为Punishment for a first offence is a fine.初犯的惩罚是罚款His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt. The bill makes it an offence to carry

49、 a knife.法令视携带刀具为犯规行为。submit（submitted /submitting） 1).“提交，呈递”All applications must be submitted by Monday.所有的申请周一前必须提交。2). “屈服”常见submit toDerek has agreed to submit to questioning.德里克已经同意接受询问。3.)“认为“ 常见submit (that)I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.我认为陪审团在这个案件

50、中已经受到公众影响。salutev. 1）“敬礼，致意，欢迎“The two soldiers saluted Lieutenant Cecil.那两个士兵向塞西尔中尉致敬短语：in salute “以表示敬意”he officer raised his hand in salute.2）“颂扬“salute sb as sth “把尊称为”James Joyce was saluted as the greatest writer of the 20th century.詹姆斯·乔伊斯被赞颂为20世纪最伟大作家。salute to His first words were a sa

51、lute to the people of South Africa. liberty“自由，随意”individual/personal liberty 个人自由religious/political/economic liberty 宗教，政治，经济自由重要词组：take the liberty of doing somethingI took the liberty of cancelling your reservation.我随意取消预约。be at liberty to do something I am not at liberty to discuss these matter

52、s.我没空讨论这些事情。Unit4up toit is up to somebody “取决于某人；在于；该由负责”如：Shall we go out? 我们可以出去吗？Its up to you. 由你决定。I cant take the decision. Its not up to me. 我不能做决定，这不取决我。【拓展】up to 还有表示“深度、高度、地位等” “直到”；“（数目上）直到，至多”“接近于；达到”“胜任、适宜”等意思。Mary is small and just comes up to Bills chest.Everyone has his part to play, from the office boy up to the president.They wor