unit_3_longing_for_a_new_welfare_system

1、Longing for a New Welfare SystemUnit 3Related Information Related Information Related Information1. Social Welfare1. Social Welfare Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare”, provide cash or in-kind(实物的, 非现金的) benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The US welfare sy

2、stem operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for childcare, disability, food stamp and medical assistance. (To be continued)The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both in

3、dividuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance. US welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and qualityof public assistance. Related Information2 2.

4、 Lead-in Questions. Lead-in QuestionsWarming Up1. What services can you enjoy for free on campus?Tips:Tips: library services green space outdoor sports facilities, etc.2. Do you believe that it is responsibility of the young to provide the financial security for the aged? Why or why not?Warming Up3

5、3. Words Related to Welfare. Words Related to WelfareWarming Up弱势群体 disadvantaged people社会保障 social security社会保障制度 social security system社会保险 social insurance社会保险基金 social insurance fund社会救济(社会救助) social assistance社会医疗保险 social insurance for medical最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowance Warming U

6、p福利救助对象 welfare client福利提供者 welfare giver残疾人社会保障 social security for handicapped福利保障 security on welfare福利工作者 welfare caseworker抚恤 comfort and compensation个人账户 individual account现收现付 pay as you go establish the systems of old-age pensions, medical insurance and subsistence allowances in rural areas.

7、 建立农村养老、医疗保险和最低生活保障制度建立农村养老、医疗保险和最低生活保障制度improve the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban residents. 健全城镇居民健全城镇居民 失业保险和最低生活保障失业保险和最低生活保障 制度制度YChina Welfare InstituteY中国福利会中国福利会 YChina Welfare Fund for the HandicappedY中国中国 残疾人残疾人 福利基金会福利基金会 YChina Association for the

8、 Blind and the Deaf-MutesY中国盲人中国盲人 聋哑人协会聋哑人协会 YMinistry of Civil AffairsY民政部民政部 TWO CHARACATERS?YCallahan a welfare clientYSuzanne a welfare caseworkerdisharmonyHow is the text organized? The passage is composed of three parts: 1. how people behave under the present welfare system 2. what the proble

9、ms are with it 3. what solutions should be applied to the problems. The organization of the whole passage follows BackI. Structure AnalysisI. Structure AnalysisPartPara.Main Idea11_General images of welfare clients and welfare caseworkers under the present system.2_Problems with the present welfare

10、system.3_Suggestions to improve the present welfare system.341415 17Introduction + Problems + SuggestionsText StudyStructure AnalysisText analysisText main idea ？ The passage first explores the problems of the present welfare system and then expresses the desire to have a new system. According to th

11、e author, a disabled person, he is forced to account for every penny while enduring lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he longs for a new system under which the disabled like him can earn part

12、 or all of their own livings. Main idea for Part IThis part is about how people concerned behave under the present welfare system: Clients cheat the system for more money Caseworkers, like detectives, expect the clients to bow to them and beg. 1.General images of welfare clients and welfare casework

13、ers under the present system:1)Most welfare clients always _ more money out of _. (para. 1)2)But there are some clients，like the author, who choose to live a life of _, telling welfare caseworkers _. (para. 2)cheatthe present welfare systemhow much they makecomplete honesty3)Welfare case-workers, li

14、ke _, expect every client to _them. (para. 3)bow to and begdetectives1.General images of welfare clients and welfare caseworkers under the present system:Main idea for Part IIThe problems with the present welfare system: Welfare caseworkers, like _, try to find anything_； Welfare clients have diffic

15、ulties in_； The embarrassing situation for welfare clients when trying to _ ；The problem of the welfare system and_.detectivesunreportedobtaining helpmake moneythe legal system1)Clients are forced to _ anything new to caseworkers. (paras 4-8)2)how extremely difficult it is for welfare clients to hav

16、e their _. (paras 9-12)reportwheelchairs repairedThe problems with the present welfare system3)If clients make money, as the authors own experience reveals, they have to _ (para. 13) 4)the law does not encourage clients to make a _away from welfare. (para. 14)account for every pennygradual shiftThe

17、problems with the present welfare systemSuggestions to improve the present welfare systemMain idea for Part III 1)welfare clients should have to act_the rights of welfare clients. (para. 15) 2)the author wishes that the should help those who want to earn part or all of _. (para. 16)as a champion for

18、their own livingsPart III What should be done with the present welfare system:3)A new system is suggested to encourage welfare clients to _ without feeling _, a new system that does not seek to _ welfare clients of _. (para. 17)develop their talentsconvictcheatingguilty or fearfulPart III What shoul

19、d be done with the present welfare system:Text StudyUnderstanding2. Fill in the chart with the information given in the text. The Current Welfare SystemThe New Welfare Systemwelfare clientswelfare caseworkersthe authors opinionearn part or all of their own livings; develop their talent without guilt

20、 or fear.encourage clients to work / live a better life / earn their own livings.People will thrive under it.cheat; bleed the system for extra money.seek to convict the clients of cheating.It can be easily abusedby the welfare givers as well as the clients.Expressions & Patternslong for: have an

21、 intense desire for; want very much eg. The children are longing for the holidays. 孩子们盼望放假。 People longed for peace after many years of war. 经过多年战争后，人们都盼望和平。 Expressions & Patternsbe supposed to: 1) be generally believed or expected to be or do eg. I havent seen it myself, but its supposed to be

22、 a great movie. 我还没有看过这部影片，但据说它挺不错的。我还没有看过这部影片，但据说它挺不错的。Shes supposed to have had five hundred pairs of shoes. 据说她有据说她有500双鞋。双鞋。 2) be expected or required to do or be sth. according to a rule, a custom, an arrangement, etc. eg. Youre supposed to buy a ticket, though not many people do. 尽管没有多少人买票，但你

23、应该买。尽管没有多少人买票，但你应该买。 Youre supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the room. 如果你要离开教室，得跟老师说。如果你要离开教室，得跟老师说。 Expressions & Patterns面临面临, ,面对面对 to be faced with (L. 1) meet (sth. bad or difficult) 面临着严峻的挑战面临着严峻的挑战, 我们决不能气馁。我们决不能气馁。活学活用活学活用Faced with grave challenges，we should never be dis

24、couraged .下一页下一页上一页上一页Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary Enrichment2) being in a natural condition; not processed or refined 未加工的未加工的;处于自然状态的处于自然状态的. raw (L. 2)1) not cooked生的生的,未煮过的未煮过的大部分的水果是生吃的。大部分的水果是生吃的。Most fruits are eaten raw.All the raw materials are imported所有原料全部是进口的。所有原料全部是进口的。Expressions &

25、amp; Patterns raw: a.1) (food) not cooked eg. These fish are often eaten raw. 这些鱼经常是生吃的。这些鱼经常是生吃的。 2) (usu. before noun) (of materials) in its natural state; not yet changed, used or made into sth. else eg. raw cotton / sugar / silk 籽棉籽棉/ 粗糖粗糖/ 生丝生丝 Her childhood provided the raw material for her fi

26、rst novel. 她的童年经历为她的第一本小说提供了原始素材。她的童年经历为她的第一本小说提供了原始素材。 3) (usu. before noun) (of information) not yet organized into a form in which it can be easily used or understood eg. This information is only raw data and will need further analysis. 这些信息只是些原始数据，需要进一步分析。这些信息只是些原始数据，需要进一步分析。 Expressions & P

27、atternsbleed: v.1) (informal) force sb. to pay a lot of money over a period of time eg. My ex-wife is bleeding me for every penny I have. 我的前妻要榨干我身上的每一分钱。The West is bleeding poorer countries dry through interest payments on their debts. 西方正在通过债务利息榨干贫穷国家的财富。2) lose blood, esp. from a wound or an inj

28、ury eg. He was bleeding from a gash on his head. 他头上的刀口正在流血。 Your arm is bleeding. 你的胳膊在流血。 Hed been wounded in the arm and he was bleeding heavily. 他的胳膊受了伤，正大量出血。 YWe are all willing to bleed for our country Y我们都愿意为国家我们都愿意为国家流血流血/牺牲牺牲 YAll hearts bleed for the sufferers. Y大家大家 为为 那些那些 受难者受难者 伤心伤心/悲

29、痛悲痛 Ybleed sb for moneyY诈取诈取某人的金钱某人的金钱.YA tree will bleed if you cut its trunk. Y如果你砍入树干如果你砍入树干,它就会它就会流出汁液流出汁液。bleed (L. 2) 流血流血；悲伤，心疼；悲伤，心疼；榨取勒索榨取勒索Y她她 向无知的农民们向无知的农民们榨取榨取1500美元。美元。YShe bled the ignorant farmers for $1,500.bleed (L. 2) 流血；悲伤，心疼；榨取勒索流血；悲伤，心疼；榨取勒索SentenceSentence StructureStructure An

30、alysisAnalysis Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. (L. 1)我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的窘境，都会向福利机构多分吃生猫食的窘境，都会向福利机构多榨取榨取几美元。几美元。本句型是以本句型是以 分词分词 代替代替状语从句状语从句。主句中的主语。主句中的主语应应 和和 分词短语中的分词短语中的 动作接受

31、者动作接受者 一致。若动词一致。若动词为为be或或have been,变成现在分词变成现在分词being或或 having been后后,可以省略。可以省略。句型分析句型分析现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词., +主句主句SentenceSentence StructureStructure AnalysisAnalysis句型应用句型应用被车子撞倒后被车子撞倒后,她在医院里度过她在医院里度过了一星期。了一星期。 (Having been) Knocked down by a car, she spent a week in the hospital.SentenceSentence Str

32、uctureStructure AnalysisAnalysisCaught in a heavy rain, he was wet all over.句型应用句型应用因因 受到严重损坏受到严重损坏,这座桥不再使用了。这座桥不再使用了。Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use.淋到了一场大雨淋到了一场大雨,他全身都湿了。他全身都湿了。SentenceSentence StructureStructure AnalysisAnalysisCaught in a heavy rain, he was wet all over.句型应用句型应

33、用因因 受到严重损坏受到严重损坏,这座桥不再使用了。这座桥不再使用了。Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use.淋到了一场大雨淋到了一场大雨,他全身都湿了。他全身都湿了。SentenceSentence StructureStructure AnalysisAnalysisExpressions & Patterns pension: n. an amount of money paid regularly by a government or company to sb. who is considered to be too

34、 old or too ill to work eg. His father retired on a pension. 他父亲退休了，靠养老金生活。他父亲退休了，靠养老金生活。 She went to the post office to draw her pension. 她去邮局取退休金。她去邮局取退休金。 He retired on a company pension. 他退休时得到了公司的退他退休时得到了公司的退休金。休金。 v. sb. off: (esp. BrE) (usu. passive) allow or force sb. to retire after paying

35、them a pension eg. He was pensioned off and his job was given to a younger man. 他领了一笔养老金后就退休了，他的职位由一位年轻他领了一笔养老金后就退休了，他的职位由一位年轻人来顶替。人来顶替。 Workers in the company are being pensioned off at 50. 该公司职员该公司职员50岁时领养老金退休。岁时领养老金退休。 option n. 选择选择;选择权选择权;选择自由选择自由Uopt to (L. 6)She had no option but to quit her

36、job in order to take care of her child. 为了照顾孩子为了照顾孩子,她别无选择她别无选择,只好辞职。只好辞职。Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary Enrichmentopt to do sth (L. 6)choose to do sth. 选择去做某事选择去做某事After her graduation, she opted to pursue her doctor degree rather than engage in a job.Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary Enrichment毕业后，

37、她选择攻读博士学位，而不毕业后，她选择攻读博士学位，而不是从事一项工作。是从事一项工作。Yopt for sth.YAfter her graduation, she opted for a doctor degree rather than a job.opt to do sth (L. 6). 招揽招揽/招徕，征集招徕，征集,争取，唤起争取，唤起 drum up (L. 6)offer big discounts to drum up more business提供很大的折扣来提供很大的折扣来 招徕招徕 生意生意drum up enough boys to make a football

38、team.召集召集 足够的男孩足够的男孩 组成足球队。组成足球队。drum up support from foreign countries争取争取 外国人的支持外国人的支持 drum up enthusiasm for the work鼓动鼓动 人们对这项工作的劲头人们对这项工作的劲头 Expressions & Patterns私下，秘密地，背地里私下，秘密地，背地里; under the table (L. 8) in a secret way 一些官员一些官员 常常常常 私下里私下里 和和商人商人 做交易。做交易。活学活用活学活用Some officials often ma

39、ke a deal with some businessmen under the table.下一页下一页上一页上一页BackYAmerican English ：under the tableYBritish expression：under the counter under the table (L. 8)Expressions & Patternsyield to:1) stop resisting (sth.) eg. I yielded to an impulse. 我听凭一时的冲动行事了。 The government refused to yield to the h

40、ostage takers demand. 政府拒绝答应人质挟持者的要求。 2) (formal) be replaced by sth. eg.Old-fashioned methods yielded to new technology. 老式的方法已被新技术所取代。 Radio has long been under pressure to yield to television. 收音机长期处于被电视机取代的压力之中。 backExpressions & Patterns卷入卷入/潜心于潜心于 to get involved in (L. 9)她一旦专心学习，任何事情都无法使她

41、分心。她一旦专心学习，任何事情都无法使她分心。活学活用活学活用Once she gets involved in her study, nothing can distract her mind from it.下一页下一页上一页上一页1)difficult or unpleasant 不愉快的，痛苦的或困难的不愉快的，痛苦的或困难的 sticky (L. 9)The cat put the mouse in a sticky position. 猫猫 将将 老鼠老鼠 置于一个困难的境地。置于一个困难的境地。 2) having the property of adhering or stic

42、king to a surface 粘的粘的;涂有粘胶物质的涂有粘胶物质的His fingers are sticky with paste. 他的手沾了酱糊他的手沾了酱糊, 粘糊糊的。粘糊糊的。 Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary Enrichmentprofile (L. 10)1.侧面(像) 2.态度，姿态 3.轮廓,外形 4. 人物简介活学活用活学活用He drew her in profile.他给她画了一幅他给她画了一幅 侧面侧面 像。像。 a profile of the mountains山峦的山峦的 轮廓轮廓.a television profil

43、e of Ernest Hemingway一段欧内斯特一段欧内斯特海明威的电视海明威的电视 简介简介high-profile (L. 10)高姿态的高姿态的;倍受瞩目的；倍受瞩目的；立场明确的立场明确的YShe has high-profile friends including singers Jay Chou and Andy Lau. Y她有她有 知名度很高的朋友知名度很高的朋友,包括歌星周杰伦和刘德华包括歌星周杰伦和刘德华 Ya high-profile work of art is stolen.Y一幅艺术一幅艺术 珍珍 品被盗品被盗 keep a high profilekeep

44、a low profileThe government is trying to keep a low profile on Taiwan issue.保持低姿态，保持克制态度、保持低调保持低姿态，保持克制态度、保持低调 in sb.s true feeling 在心底在心底In the back of ones mind deep down (L. 11)诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗，但在内心深处却感到诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗，但在内心深处却感到悲伤和孤独。悲伤和孤独。活学活用活学活用Nobel appeared optimistic and cheerful, but, deep down, he f

45、elt sad and lonely.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back(Para.3) YDeep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. (L. 11)社会工作者社会工作者心底心底里知道许多救济里知道许多救济对象在对象在欺骗欺骗他们，因此他们觉得他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿作为补偿，他们，他们有权有权让救济对让救济对

46、象点头哈腰。象点头哈腰。 Expressions & Patterns make a fool of sb.: trick sb. into behaving foolishlyeg. Hed been made a fool of. 他被人骗了。 Your brother is making a fool of you. 你兄弟在愚弄你。 Compare:make a fool of oneself: behave in a way that makes other people think that one is silly or lacking in good judgment

47、eg. He was drinking and making a fool of himself. 他喝酒时，出尽了洋相。 back有权利有权利/资格资格做某事做某事 have the right to have or do sth. to be entitled to (do) sth. (L. 13)It is well-known that the retired workers in our country _.(有权享受免费有权享受免费医疗医疗)活学活用活学活用下一页下一页上一页上一页are entitled to free medical care 给予给予.权利权利/资格资格 e

48、ntitle sb to (do) sth (L. 13)老年人老年人 由于他们的年龄由于他们的年龄和经验和经验 而而 受到年轻人的受到年轻人的尊重。尊重。Old peoples age and experience entitle them to the respect of young people Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary EnrichmentCompensation补偿补偿,弥补弥补;赔偿赔偿(+for） make compensation for sb.s losses 补偿某人的损失补偿某人的损失汤姆给了汤姆给了 我我 一把新刀一把新刀, 作为

49、作为 他他对丢失刀对丢失刀 的赔偿。的赔偿。lTom gave me a new knife as compensation for the one he lost.YIm not being bitter. (Para. 3) YMeaning: I am not feeling angry on purpose. Y“be being +a./n” is used to talk about action and behavior.Yre being stupid.=Youre doing stupid things.I was being very careful.=I was doin

50、g something very carefully.校长校长 对他的对他的 学生学生 应穿什么服装应穿什么服装 这一点这一点 持开持开明的态度。明的态度。liberal (L. 14)The headmaster has a liberal view about what his students should wear. Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary Enrichmentliberal (L. 14)Vocabulary EnrichmentVocabulary Enrichment无偏见的；开明的，气度大的无偏见的；开明的，气度大的 (to) 大方的，慷

51、慨的，不吝啬的大方的，慷慨的，不吝啬的 (+with/of)丰富的，充足的丰富的，充足的a liberal thinker思想无偏见的人思想无偏见的人a liberal donation慷慨的捐助慷慨的捐助liberal arts大学文科大学文科a liberal table一桌丰盛的饭菜一桌丰盛的饭菜固定表达固定表达a liberal mind坦荡的胸怀坦荡的胸怀be liberal to sbbe liberal in givingbe liberal of/with ones money用钱大方用钱大方 对某人无偏见对某人无偏见.慷慨好施慷慨好施.Expressions & Pa

52、tternspractically: ad.1) (esp. spoken) almost; very nearly eg. With that crack in it, the vase is worth practically nothing. 因为有那道裂纹，这花瓶实际上不值多少钱。因为有那道裂纹，这花瓶实际上不值多少钱。 2) in a realistic or sensible way; in real situations eg. Practically speaking, we cant afford it. 说实在的，我们负担不起。说实在的，我们负担不起。 It sounds

53、like a good idea, but I dont think it will work practically. 这主意听上去不错，但未必可行。这主意听上去不错，但未必可行。 backExpressions & Patternsdetective: n. a police officer whose job is to discover information about crimes and find out who is responsible for them eg. Detectives have finally tracked down the killer. 侦探们

54、最终追捕到了杀手。侦探们最终追捕到了杀手。 I enjoy reading detective stories. 我爱读侦探小说。我爱读侦探小说。 She says shes some sort of detective. 她说她有点像侦探。她说她有点像侦探。 back Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals. But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like th

55、e one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. (L. 13)大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。可是在这个实际上，有理想，而且思想开明。可是在这个实际上是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后，他们就变得是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了 一个穿运动短一个穿运动短裤的侦探。裤的侦探。Expressions & PatternsSb. begins as with high ideals/great ambitions/

56、good intentions to. But after a few years in / of doing sth., he/she becomes like the one people often call “”.某人刚开始时是某人刚开始时是 ，有理想，有理想/有远大抱负有远大抱负/有有的美好愿望。可是在这个的美好愿望。可是在这个里里/做做某事做了几年后，他某事做了几年后，他/她就变得与人们所称她就变得与人们所称的的一样了。一样了。句型提炼句型提炼下一页下一页上一页上一页应用应用： 他起初是怀有远大抱负的。可是在这他起初是怀有远大抱负的。可是在这个个 充满不健康信息的充满不健康信息的

57、互联网上互联网上 冲浪了数年之冲浪了数年之后，就变得与人们所称的后，就变得与人们所称的“冷血动物冷血动物”一样了一样了。He was full of ambitions at the beginning. But after a few years of surfing on the Internet full of unhealthy information, he became like the one people called “cold-blooded animal”.上一页上一页下一页下一页Expressions & Patternspaste: v. stick sth.

58、 to sth. else, using glue or paste eg. He pasted the pictures into his scrapbook. 他将照片贴到剪贴本里。 n. a mixture of flour and water used to stick paper to a walleg. You can stick paper with paste made of flour and water. 你可以用面粉和水调制成浆糊把纸粘起来。 backExpressions & Patternsreceipt: n.1) a piece of paper that

59、 shows that goods or services have been paid for eg. Can I have a receipt, please? 给我一张收据好吗？ make out a receipt 开一张收据 2) (formal) the act of receiving sth. Eg. Did you write to acknowledge receipt of their cheque? 你是否已写信通知他们收到了支票？ The goods will be dispatched on receipt of an order form. 收到订单即发货。 ba

60、ckExpressions & Patternsdonation: n. sth. that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving sth. in this way eg. Charities prefer regular donations from the public. 慈善机构更愿意从公众那里得到稳定的捐赠。 donate: v.1) give money, food, clothes, etc. to sb. or some organization, esp. a charity eg. He donated thousands of pounds