Unit-1-Great-scientists-单元学案

1、 Unit 1 Great scientists 自学能力单元学案（人教实验版必修5）单元整体认识（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇重点单词1. characteristic n.特征；特性2. conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出3. attend vt 照顾；护理；出席；参加4. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光5. cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗6.challenge n.挑战 vt. 向.挑战7. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心8. suspect vt. 怀疑 n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯9.blame vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备10

2、.link vt& n 连接；联系11announce vt. 宣布；通告12.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导13.contribute vt&vi 捐献；贡献；捐助重点词组1. put forward 提出2.make sense 讲得通；有意义词语辨析1. defeat/win/beat/gain/hit2.cure/treat 3.apart from/aside from/except/besides/except for4. reject/refuse 词形变化1. scientific adj 科学的Science n 科学Scientist n. 科学家

3、2.conclude vt&vi 结束；推断出 Conclusion n 结论Conclusive adj 决定性的；最后的；确定性的3. absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心Absorption n.吸收；全神贯注；专心致志Absorptive adj 吸收性的；有吸引力的 重点句式1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.一想到要帮助那些受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。2. So many thousands of terrified

4、 people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死.3. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。4. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰 斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。语法The past participle as the Attribute

5、 and Predicative 重点词汇 1. characteristic n. 特征；特性；特色adj 特有的，独特的；典型的；表示特性的；显示的特征的；有特色的，与众不同的【经典范例】 This quality is characteristic of all metals.质量是所有金属的特性In fact, this is the single most common distinguishing characteristic of an American prisoner illiteracy.事实上，这是美国囚犯最普遍的典型的特征无知【知识巩固】单项填空 Our athlete

6、s will some games, such as running and wrestling. They have the hope to get some gold medals. A. compete B. compete in C. join D. attend 【答案及解析】 (1) 选B。compete的意思是“竞技；比赛”，后面跟宾语时，用compete in表示“参加”；attend仅有“参加某项活动”的意思；表示参加活动也可以用join in。2. conclude vt 结束；推断出【知识拓展】to conclude总而言之；最后conclude to do sth 决定

7、做某事n. conclusion arrive at /reach/come to /draw a conclusion 得出结论【经典范例】They concluded the meeting at 6 o'clock in the afternoon.他们于下午六点结束了会议。What can be concluded from these observations?从这些观察中能够得出什么样的结论呢?So how does Mr. Obama come to the conclusion that we need more stimulus spending now? 那么，奥巴

8、马先生是怎么得出我们现在需要更多刺激性支出这个结论的呢？【知识巩固】 单项填空After all things had been discussed，the meeting was _ with the applause.Acompleted Bcomposed Cconstructed Dconcluded完成句子 然而，据此断定民主制度在印度陷入失败是不正确的，尽管一些政客的确失败了。Yet it would be wrong that democracy is failing India, even though some politicians clearly are。 【答案及解析】

9、(1) 答案：Dconclude意为“结束”，指彻底结束、关闭，可用于讲话、写作、会议、条约、甚至生意的正式结束，有时也可指以任何方式结束；complete意为“完成”，表示“使完整”，含有成品完整的意味；compose意为“组成，构成”；construct意为“建造”。(2) to conclude3. attend vt 照顾；护理；出席；参加 【知识拓展】attend on/ upon 照顾；服侍attend to 接待；招待attendance n.看护；出席；参加attendant adj 伴随的；出席的 n. 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从【经典范例】I have promised he

10、r to attend her wedding. 可是我已经答应她明天去参加婚礼了。Tommy is sick, so he can't attend classes today. 汤米生病了，所以今天他不能去上课了。Who will attend on the orphans? 谁照顾这些孤儿呢？If you go out, who will attend to the baby? 如果你出去，谁将照看这个婴儿？【知识巩固】 翻译句子 (1)质疑你在此就读的决定,真的是我们错了吗？ (2)我妈妈不久前病得很重，我必须照顾她 【答案】：Are we really wrong to qu

11、estion your decision to attend college here? My mother was very ill; I had to attend to her.4. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光【知识拓展】expose. to. 使.暴露在.expose crime, scandal, injustice ,fraud, etc 曝光犯罪，丑闻，不公，欺诈n. exposure 暴露，暴晒，揭发 【经典范例】I will expose his all lawless actions.我将揭发他全部的不法行为。To prevent fire or shock

12、hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or moisture。为避免引发意外的火灾或遭受雷击的危险，请勿将本机置于雨点所及或者潮湿的地方。Also, skin doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure. 同时，皮肤专科医生警告人们需谨慎对待阳光曝晒。Exposure to the physical sensations you fear is also an important part of treatment. 暴露于令你恐惧的生理感受之下也是治疗的一部分。【知识巩固】(1) 单项填空_

13、to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed (2) 翻译句子 我作为记者的职责是揭露事实。_ 父母不应让孩子受到强烈日晒。_【答案及解析】 （1）选C.考察动词-ing 形式作主语。因your skin 与expose之间为被动关系，故用动词-ing的被动式，即being done,故排除B项；过去分词不能作主语，故排除A项；D项做状语。（2） My job as a journalist

14、is to expose the truth. Parents should not expose babies to strong sunlight.5. cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗【知识拓展】cure sb of a disease 治愈某人的病a cure for s disease 治疗某病的药a cure for sth 解决某事的方法【经典范例】How long does it take to cure your illness? 你的病要多长时间都能痊愈。So far, there is no cure, but there are medicines that

15、can suppress the virus. 虽然到目前为止还没有治疗方法，但是有药物可以抑制病毒Fortunately, the cure is pretty straightforward. A good dose of antibiotics and your child will be good as new in a few days. 幸运的是，治疗非常简单。只需要一剂好的抗生素，你的孩子在短短几天内就将痊愈，如同新生一般。【易混辨析】 cure意为治疗，纠正，侧重结果，常用于cure sb of sth 结构 treat 意为治疗，强调动作，常用于treat sb for st

16、h 结构【知识巩固】（1）单项填空-Has the doctor _her illness?-No, he _her, but didnt _her.A. cured; treated; treat B. cured; cured; treat C. treated the old woman for; treated; cure D. cured the old woman of; cure（2）翻译句子 新上任的总统不该承诺在10到20年之内治愈癌症。_ 科学家们仍在寻找普通感冒医疗方法_【答案及解析】 （1） 选D. cure sb of sth 和treat sb for sth 为固

17、定搭配。cure 强调治好，治愈；treat 治疗，强调过程，不强调结果。综合判断可知应选D。（2） The new president shouldn't promise that we'll cure cancer in 10 or 20 years Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold 6. challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向.挑战【知识拓展】challenge sb to sth 挑战某人某事challenge me to do sth 向.挑战做.pose a challeng

18、e to sb 向发起挑战accept/respond to/ take up a challenge 接受挑战face a challenge 面临挑战【经典范例】Mary finds her new job a challenge玛丽发现她的新工作是项挑战。This is our real challenge, is to educate the entire child. 这是我们面临的真正挑战，是教育完整的孩子。She challenged me to play another tennis game.她向我挑战要我跟她再打一场网球。Their school challenged ou

19、rs to a basketball match.他们学校向我们学校挑战，要打一场篮球比赛。【知识巩固】翻译句子 我们的设想在付诸实践过程中所遇到的困难，激励我们去寻找新的方法。_我跟你比一比看谁先游过这个湖。_【答案】 The difficulty of putting our ideas into practice challenged us to find a new method. I challenged you to race me across the lake.7. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心【知识拓展】absorbed adj.注意力集中的，专心致志的absor

20、bing adj.非常吸引人的，引人入胜的absorber n吸收器；吸收者absorb.from.从中吸取be absorbed in专心于，全神贯注于【经典范例】You mean crops and plants that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? 你的意思是作物和植物能从大气中吸收二氧化碳？They believe that because cactus grows in the desert, so it can absorb in the radiation. 他们这样认为是因为仙人掌是在沙漠地区生长的，所以能吸收辐射。Gi

21、ve me a green land and a soft carpet that I can be absorbed in books. 给我一片绿草地，一张柔软羊毛毯，让我啜饮书香。【知识巩固】（1）翻译句子 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。_这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。_ （2）完成句子When I came in，the teacher _ _ _ (在沉思中)Aspirin _ (很快吸收)by/into the body.The company has gradually _ _ _ones(逐渐吞并了那些小公司)【答案】 （1） Things in colour

22、 can often absorb childrens attention easily. The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.（2） was absorbed in thought is absorbed absorbed the small ones 8. suspect vt. 怀疑 n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯【知识拓展】suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事suspect that 认为，怀疑，【经典范例】But experts say parents and teachers may b

23、egin to suspect a problem if a child is good at speaking, reading and writing but slow to develop math skills. 但是专家称，如果孩子很擅长读写说，但是在数学技能上发展缓慢，父母和老师可以开始怀疑这个儿童是否患有该病。That person is a suspect of bribery. 那人有受贿的嫌疑。【知识巩固】单项填空(1) The police arrested the man _of robbing the bank.A. suspected B, suspect C. t

24、o suspect D. being suspect (2) She suspected him _taking her money. A. of B. for C. off D. from 【答案及解析】(1) 选A。 此处考察非谓语动词。the man 和suspect 构成被动关系，排除B和C；D项表示正在被怀疑，句意不合题意。 （2）选A。此处考察suspect sb of sth结构。9. blame vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备【知识拓展】blame sbfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指责某人sbbe to blame f

25、or(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。【易混辨析】blame 责备；谴责； 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚：scold 斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈【经典范例】The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。 Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责? The student

26、 blamed the teacher for his failure学生因失败而怪老师。【知识巩固】（1） 翻译句子看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了. 这件事谁也不能怨. 他指责你玩忽职守. （2）完成句子 Don't _ it on him, but on me. The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.【答案及解析】（1） It seemed that the water was to blame. Nobody is to blame for it. He blames you f

27、or neglect of duty.（2） blame scolded10.link vt& n 连接；联系【知识拓展】link up with 连接；结合link.with /to 把.与.连接【经典范例】This study showed a link between choice and performance. 这种研究证明了选择与成绩之间的联系。The new firm linked up with several big ones.这家新公司和几家大公司联合起来了。They planned to build a highway to link the two towns.

28、他们打算修一条公路将两个城镇连接起来。【知识巩固】单项填空There happened a murder case _the man _the mayor.A. linked; with B. linking; to C. connected; with D. joined; to 【答案及解析】 选B。第一空在题干中应该是定语，修饰a murder case,故A项应该为that/which linked; C项应改为that/which connected; D项中join sth to sth .意为“把某物与另一物连接起来”，通常指比较具体的食物。故正确答案为B，现在分词短语作定语。1

29、1announce vt. 宣布；通告【知识拓展】announce sth to sb 向.宣布.It is announced that .据宣布n. announcement 发表；公布；发布make an announcement 发表声明【经典范例】Belinda held a dinner to announce her engagement to Matt. 贝琳达办了一场晚宴，宣布她和麦特订婚的消息President Obama is preparing to announce his new war plan on Tuesday. 奥巴马总统正准备在星期二宣布他的新作战计划。

30、The announcement came hours after nine pirates attacked a Chinese cargo ship with 30 crewmen in Somali waters on Wednesday. 这个声明在中国货船周三遭到海盗攻击几个小时之后发布，该货船有30名中国船员。【易混辨析】announce与declareannouncement 指的是对公众或特定的一群人进行宣传，常指大家感兴趣的事情，如国家大事，商业信息，生，死，病，开会等。declare 指正式地明确地向公众宣布，宣告，声明，侧重当众发表，多用于宣战，议和，宣判等【知识巩固】单

31、项填空The moment the Olympic Games _open, the whole world cheered.A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 【答案及解析】选D。句意为：在奥运会宣布开幕的那一刻，全世界沸腾了。the moment 在此句中引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”从句时态应参考主句的时态而定，故选D.12. instruct vt.命令；指示；教导【知识拓展】instruct sb/sth 指导某人/某物instruct sb to do sth 指导某人做某事inst

32、ruct that sb/sth (should)do 命令某人或某物应该做instruct sb wh-to do 指导某人做n. instruction 命令；指示 instructions 操作指南【经典范例】She instructed me in the use of the telephone.她教我使用电话。Those boys were instructed to wait there.那些男孩被通知在那儿等。Our teacher instructed that we (should) hand in our papers after class.老师命令我们下课后把试卷交上

33、。【知识巩固】完成句子(1)When I came in，he was instructing his son (如何修汽车)(2)The teacher (命令学生出发)(3)You must (阅读说明书)before you use it.【答案】（1）how to repair a car （2）instructed the students to start off（3）read the instructions13.contribute vt&vi 捐献；贡献；捐助【知识拓展】contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿contributeto 向捐献(投稿)cont

34、ribute to促成，起作用，有助于make a contribution totowards向捐赠；对作出贡献【经典范例】It is not who you are but what you can contribute. 不在于现在你是谁，而在于你能做出怎样的贡献。Many retired people can still contribute to the society with their rich experience. 许多退休的老人还能用他们丰富的经验为社会作贡献。To make our country more strong, everyone should make th

35、eir contribution. 为了让我们的国家更加强大，每个人都必须做出贡献。He welcomes me and expresses his hope that my work will contribute to the liberation of Papua. 他对我表示欢迎，并希望我的工作能够有助于巴布亚的解放。【知识巩固】用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。 1) Everyone is encouraged to _ the discussion.2) Her work has _ our understanding of this difficult subject

36、.3) She has _ poems to literary magazines【答案】1) contribute to 2) contributed to 3) contributed 重点词组 1. put forward 提出【知识拓展】put an end to结束；终止 put aside 撇开；储存备用 put back放回；送回put down写下put into practice实行，实施；落实put into use 使用，应用；投入使用 put off推迟；延期；put on穿上；增加 put one's heart into全神贯注于 put out生产；扑灭

37、put up举起；张贴put up with忍受；容忍【经典范例】The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for national recovery.工会大会提出一项振兴国家的计划。I've put you forward as the best man for the job.我已经提名你为这项工作的最佳人选。My watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes.我的手表慢了，所以我把它向前拨了三分钟。【知识巩固】（1） 翻译句子谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？ 我们推举他当主席。 （2）完成

38、句子The theory (爱因斯坦提出的理论)was later proved to be true.There are many inconveniences that have (容忍)when camping.The fire (扑灭)before the firemen arrived.【答案】 （1） Who put forward a theory about black holes？ We put him forward for the position of chairman （2） put forward by Einstein to be put up with had

39、been put out2. make sense 讲得通；有意义【知识拓展】make no sense讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上There is no sense/point in doing sth 做.没有意义a sense of feeling/sight/hearing/smell/taste 感觉/视觉/听觉/嗅觉/味觉【经典范例】I try to make each song make sense for itself. 我尝试让每首歌都有自身的意义。Some make sense, like a big

40、 expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, which tops up the earnings of poor workers. 有些政策很有意义，比如所得税的抵免扩大化，这可以增加贫困工人的收入。What he says makes sense他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?What you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。【知识巩固】（1）完成句子No matter how you read it, this sentence 不管

41、怎样读，这句话都讲不通。She doesnt talk much, but what she says 她讲话不多，但言之有理。（2）翻译句子老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。_ 从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。【答案及解析】 （1） makes no sense make sense (2) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense. The film is full of meaning in a sense. 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. But he

42、 became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.一想到要帮助那些受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。【知识拓展】1. 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里

43、的落叶。2.过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?【经典范例】 Most of the artists invited to the p

44、arty were from South Africa. 受邀参加晚会定的大部分艺术家来自南非。 The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开放的计算机中心很受这所学校学生的欢迎. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.怀特夫人给学生看从图书馆借来的地图。 Im calling to enquire about position advertised

45、in yesterdays China Daily.我打电话询问一下昨天中国日报登的职位。【知识巩固】（1）中译英 截止到目前，没有人来要在图书馆发现的钱。_ 许多接受问卷调查的学生说他们被迫练习钢琴。 （2）完成句子The suggestion （专家提出的） was adopted by the manager.  外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。The meeting, （一千个学生出席的）, was a success.  这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 【答案及解析】 （1） So far nobody has claimed the money

46、 discovered in the library. A number of students questioned said they were forced to practice the piano.（2） made by the foreign expert attended by one thousand students 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死.【知识拓展】every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，

47、意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”【经典范例】Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。Every time I watch a DVD he sends me

48、to bed or tells me to spend more time studying. 还有，每次我看DVD，他就催着我上床睡觉，要么就是教导我要多花些时间学习【知识巩固】翻译句子（1）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书_（）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。_（）我一见到他就把这封信给他。_（）我一接到你的信就来了。 _【答案及解析】 （1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. （2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her（3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him (4) I came directly I got the letter3. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。【知识拓展】Sb seems to do/be doing/have done sth 某人看起来做/正在做/做过It seemes that/as