主要地理名词中英文对照表

1、主要地理名词中英文对照表文县第三中学李怀文大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmosphericcomposition空气质量Airquality大气化学Atmosphericchemistry大气成分Atmosphericcomponents大气颗粒物Atmosphericparticulates二氧化碳Carbondioxide温室气体Greenhousegases氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozonelayer大气过程Atmosphericprocesses空气一水相互作用Air-waterinteraction大气环流Atmosphericcirculation大气降水Atmospheric

2、precipitation碳循环Carboncycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增力口Precipitationenhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solarradiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Airpollution酸雨Acidrain空气污染物Airpollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Depositedparticulatematter飞灰Flyash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoorairpollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climaticissues农业气象学Agrometeo

3、rology气候Climate气候变化Climaticchange气候带Climaticzones干旱Drought全球变暖Globalwarming温室效应Greenhouseeffect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimateeffects海平面上升Sealevelrise人工影响天气Weathermodification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球SolidEarth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismicactivity地震监测Seismicmonitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Winderosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIALECOSYSTEMS土壤S

4、oils农用土地Agriculturalland碱地Alkalilands污染的土地Contaminatedland污染的土壤Contaminatedsoil沙坑Gravelpits荒地Heathlands土地承载能力Landcarryingcapacity土地污染Landpollution土地开垦Landreclamation土地恢复Landrestoration土地使用分类Landuseclassification边缘土地Marginallands沙石开采Sandextraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soilcapabilities土壤保持Soilconservatio

5、n土壤污染Soilcontamination土壤退化Soildegradation土壤侵蚀Soilerosion土壤改良Soilimprovement土壤盐碱化Soilsalination水蚀Watererosion干旱地区生态系统Aridlandecosystems干旱土地Aridlands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Droughtcontrol旱作Dryfarming沙丘固定Sanddunefixation沙丘Sanddunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-aridlandecosystems森林生态系统Forestecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Co

6、niferousforests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forestconservation森林火灾Forestfires草地火灾Grassfires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenousforests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropicalecosystems温带森林Temperateforests温带林地Temperatewoodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropicalecosystems热带森林Tropicalforests热带森林生态系统Tropicalforestecosys

7、tems林地生态系统Woodlandecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperateecosystemsandcoldzoneecosystems南极生态系统Antarcticecosystems南极地区Antarcticregion北极生态系统Arcticecosystems北极地区Arcticregion寒带生态系统Coldzoneecosystems草地生态系统Grasslandecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrostecosystems极地生态系统Polarecosystems温带生态系统Temperateecosystems山地生态系统Mountain

8、ecosystems高原生态系统Highlandecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlandsecosystems红树沼泽Mangroveswamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterloggedlands流域管理Watershedmanagement水边开发Watersidedevelopment生物多样性和保护区Biologicaldiversityandprotectedareas适应性强的物种Adaptablespecies藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animalbehaviour动物资源Animalresources节肢

9、动物Arthropods生物多样性Biologicaldiversity生物资源Biologicalresources生物圈保护区Biospherereserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanicalgardens基因资源保护Conservationofgeneticresources生态平衡Ecologicalbalance濒危动物物种Endangeredanimalspecies濒危植物物种Endangeredplantspecies河口保护区Estuarineconservationareas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Foodchain捕猎Hun

10、ting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Landmammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marineconservationareas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratoryspecies国家公园Nationalparks国家保护区Nationalreserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protectedareas受保护的物种Protectedspecies爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrialbiologicalresources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wild

11、life野生生物保护Wildlifeconservation野生生物生境Wildlifehabitats动物园Zoologicalgardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Genebanks种质Germplasm微生物资源Microbialresources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnologicalissues农业生物技术Agriculturalbiotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术

12、Health-relatedbiotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutatedmicroorganismsrelease突变体Mutants繁殖控制ReproductivemanipulationDNA重组技术RecombinantDNAtechnology动物的选择性繁殖Selectivebreedingofanimals植物的选择性繁殖Selectivebreedingofplants生物技术的社会一经济影响Socio-economicimpactofbiotechnologies致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwaterr

13、esources谈水保护Conservationoffreshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Naturaldrainagesystems河流流域开发Riverbasindevelopment河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterraneanwater地表水Surfacewaters水资源保护Waterresourcesconservation水资源开发Waterresourcesdevelopment淡水生态系统Freshwaterecosystems集水区Catchmentareas国际河流流域Internationalriverbasins湖泊流域Lakeb

14、asins池塘尾渣Pondstailings河流流域Riverbasins淡水恶化Freshwaterdegradation河流污染Riverpollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sedimentmobilization沉积物运移Sedimenttransport沉积盆地Sedimentarybasins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Waterhyacinth水污染Waterpollution水的盐化Watersalination饮用水供应Drinkingwatersupply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinkingwater饮用水处理Drinkingwatertreatment城

15、市配水系统Municipalwaterdistributionsystems农村供水Ruralwatersupply污水处理厂Sewagetreatmentplants水泵Waterpumps水处理Watertreatment水井Waterwells海洋环境MARINEENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marineecosystems藻花Algalbloom海底生态系统Benthicecosystems海洋污染Marinepollution污染沉积物Marinesediments海洋环境Oceancirculation洋流Oceancurrents海洋Oceans海洋温度Oceantempe

16、rature赤潮Redtide海平面Sealevel潮，潮?与Tides沿海生态系统Coastalecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastalareas沿海开发Coastaldevelopment沿海环境Coastalenvironments海岸侵蚀Coastalerosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarineecosystems岛屿生态系统Islandecosystems小岛屿Smallislands海洋生物资源Livingmarineresources水生哺乳动物Aquaticmammals水生微生物Aquaticmicroorganisms水生

17、植物Aquaticplants珊瑚礁Coralreefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marineresourcesconservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT资源管理Resourcesmanagement深海矿藏Deepseadeposits森林管理Forestmanagement森林政府Forestpolicy资源的地埋分布Geographicdistributionofresources土地价值Landvalues矿产资源Mineralresources国家保护计戈UNat

18、ionalconservationprogrammes自然资源Naturalresources自然保护Natureconservation不可再生资源Non-renewableresources资源净损耗Netresourcedepletion矿床Oredeposits石油资源保护Petroleumresourcesconservation可再生资源Renewableresources资源估价Resourceappraisal资源保护Resourceconservation海底开发Seabedexploitation海底采矿Seabedmining本地资源的利用Utilizationofloc

19、alresources环境规戈UEnvironmentalplanning发展合作Developmentcooperation发展计戈UDevelopmentplanning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economicdevelopment经济计戈UEconomicplanning环境核算Environmentalaccounting环境审计Environmentalauditing环境健康影响评价Environmentalhealthimpactassessment环境影响Environmentalimpact环境影响评价Environmentalimpactassessme

20、nt环境影响状报告书Environmentalimpactstatement环境指标Environmentalindicators环境政策Environmentalpolicy环境风险评估Environmentalriskassessment财政资助Financialassistance土地利用规划Landuseplanning环境管理指标Environmentalmanagementindicators环境质量指标Environmentalqualityindicators试验项目Pilotprojects政策规划Policyplanning施压集团Pressuregroups区域规戈URe

21、gionalplanning自助计戈USelf-helpprogrammes工农业选址Sitingofindustry社会调查Socialsurveys发展状况Statusofdevelopment可持续发展Sustainabledevelopment可持续发展指标Sustainabledevelopmentindicators技术评价Technologyassessment运输计戈UTransportplanning环境经济问题Environmentaleconomicissues环境定价Environmentalvaluation环境成本Environmentalcosts夕卜部Exter

22、nalities重置成本Replacementcosts贸易对环境的影响Tradeimpactonenvironment已定价值的生态系统组成部分valuedecosystemcomponents经济管理手段Economicmanagementinstruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefitanalysis发展中国家债务Developingcountriesdebt环境股票交易Environmentalstockexchange政府环境开支Governmentenvironmentalexpenditures绿色财政手段Greenfiscalinstruments环境成本内在化In

23、ternalisationofenvironmentalcosts以绿色标志促销Marketingwithgreenlabelling资源的定价政策Pricingpoliciesofresources结构调整计戈UStructuraladjustmentprograms税收差别Taxdifferentiation可交易的许可证Tradeablepermits人类住区HUMANSETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Humansettlementsmanagement建成区Built-upareas经济规戈UEconomiczoning用火安全要求Firesafetyrequirements历史遗址H

24、istoricalsites住房改善Housingimprovements住房需求Housingneeds住房规戈UHousingprogrammes住房质量标准Housingqualitystandards工业区Industrialareas非高峰时间工作Off-peakworking办公室Offices城区发展模式Patternsofurbangrowth规戈U的城区发展Plannedurbandevelopment再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rentalhousing居民区Residentialareas建筑安全标准Safetystandardsforbuildings商店Shop

25、s建筑业标准Standardsforbuildingindustry城区设计Urbandesign建成Z构Builtstructures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Buildingmaterials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Buildingtechnology施工技术Constructiontechnology建筑工程Constructionworks农业建筑Farmbuildings政府建筑Governmentbuildings高层建筑High-risebuildings工业建筑Industrialbuildings本地建筑材料Localmaterialsforbuilding拖车住房M

26、obilehomes核研究中心Nuclearresearchcentres装配式房屋Prefabricatedbuildings结构Structures隔热Thermalinsulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Accessroads水上娱乐活动Aquaticrecreationalamenities汽车停放Automobileparking建成的排水系统Builtdrainagesystems电力分配Electricpowerdistribution公共花园Publicgardens公路Highways空地Openspaces管道Pipelines运动场Playground

27、s公园Publicparks公用事业Publicutilities道路建设Roadconstruction道路养护Roadmaintenance体育设施Sportsfacilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transportsystems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urbanwatersupply公共服务Publicservices人类住区的社会一经济方面Socio-economicaspectsofhumansettlements生育控制Birthcontrol社区服务Communityservices社区参与Communityparticipation通勤Commu

28、ting消费方式Consumptionpatterns文化指标Culturalindicators发展模式Developmentpatterns残疾人Disabledpersons毒品滥用Drugabuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Familyplanning性另1J问题Genderissues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housingfinance人类迁居Humanmigration人口Humanpopulation人权Humanrights土地分配Landallotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-costhousing流动工人Migrantwork

29、ers少数民族Minorities社区改善计戈UNeighbourhoodimprovementschemes新社区Newcommunities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peakcommuting公共卫生Publichealth种族关系Racerelations娱乐Recreation农村地区Ruralareas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Socialindicators社会-经济因素Socio-economicfactors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privilegedpeople城市地区Urbanareas城区改造Urbanrenewal城

30、区压力Urbanstress妇女地位Womenstatus人类住区的环境方面Environmentalaspectsofhumansettlements空调Airconditioning尸体处置Disposalofthedead区城供热Districtheating住房密度Housingdensity过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Touristfacilities城市衰败Urbandecay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agriculturalpractices农业设备Agriculturalequipment农业管理Agriculturalmanagemen

31、t农业方法Agriculturalmethods农业害虫Agriculturalpests农业生产Agriculturalproduction农业储藏Agriculturalstorage动物疾病Animaldiseases动物营养Animalnutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biologicalcontrolofpests生物固氮Biologicalnitrogenfixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contourfarming受控燃烧Controlledburning作物保护Cropprotection挽畜Draughtanim

32、als鱼类养殖Fishculture渔业管理Fisheriesmanagement谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestationofcrops粮食虫害传染Infestationoffood灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigationcanals灌溉农业Irrigationfarming天然肥料Naturalfertilizers有机农业Organicfarming病虫害控制Pestmanagement杀虫剂标准控制Pesticidecontrolstandards植物病害Plantdiseases家禽饲养Poultryfarming林农轮作Shiftingcultivation树木苗

33、圃Treenurseries滴灌Trickleirrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animalproducts饮料工业Beverageindustry酿造业Brewingindustry蒸储业Distillingindustry食品辐照Foodirradiation食品保存Foodpreservation食品贮藏Foodstorage食品运输Foodtransport林产品Forestproducts烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemicalfertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Meta

34、bolismofpesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorouscompounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistenceofpesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticidepathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicityofpesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilizationofpesticides工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrialprocesses制铝工业Aluminiumindustry适用技术Appropriatetechnology高炉Blas