高中英语倒装句 教案

1、高中英语倒装句 教案适用学科英语适用年级高一适用区域珠海课时时长120分钟知识点倒装句：部分倒装、完全倒装教学目标使学生掌握倒装句常考知识点教学重点判定什么时候用部分倒装，什么时候用完全倒装教学难点使学生理解倒装句教学过程一、复习预习1、Which、who、whom、whose、that、as等关系代词引导的定语从句；2、When、where、why等关系副词引导的定语从句3、如何决定用关系代词还是关系副词二、知识讲解与例题精析主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序： 一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）； 二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Ord

2、er）。 而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion） 完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称全部倒装,是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。 部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;

3、后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。语义解析一、 表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. hardly, in no way, l

4、ittle, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only (but also),not until 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二

5、点才上床睡觉。 3. so / such.that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例子: So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长, 以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。二、 承上启下 1

6、.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用so+be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语或neither/nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语的倒装句式。 其中第一个句式表示与前面所述的肯定情况相同，第二个句式表示与前面所述的否定情况相同。 例子: A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .) A:他弟弟（不）是大学生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。) A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.) A

7、:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。) A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .) A:我的一个朋友会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。) 2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 例子: They broke into her uncles bedroom and found the man lying o

8、n the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛 在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。 如朗费罗(Longfell

9、ow)雪花中的一节: Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在这一节诗里,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果

10、。四、 平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。 例子: A.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to

11、 the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调

12、,等着用船运到其他城市去。 从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。 例子: Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。 3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。 例子: Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的

13、信在这儿。五、 使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。 例子: Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳

14、了下去。 Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! Bang came another shot! 砰!又是一声枪响! 以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。 “Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, . Away they run, pellmell, helterskelter, yellingscreaming, . “Stop th

15、ief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, . Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。 倒装

16、是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。结构解析一、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never，seldom ， rarely，no soonerthan，hardlyscarcely barelywhen，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not unt

17、il，not onlybut also等等。1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于进行比较，句子要求用倒装结构。例如： Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power2、no sooner than，hardly scarcely barely when位于句首，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to cleanScarcely ha

18、d it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home3、在由neither，nor开头、引导的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒装结构，neither，nor为否定的附和。例如：The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，and neither had the chairsI could not persuade him to accept it，nor could I make him see th

19、e importance of it 但是，neither用作主语或主语的一部分时，不用倒装结构。例如：Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasingNeither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted4、含有not until的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。例如：1）Not un

20、til the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for l

21、earning as in this country6、含有no、表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类介词短语有：at no point（决不），at no time，by no means，in no case，in no circumstances，in no sense，in no shape，in no way，in no wise， on no account，on no consideration，under no circumstances，in no time（立刻），in vain（徒劳），not once，still less等等。例如：1）We

22、have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first二、其他副词引起的倒装在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中，要求用倒装结构。常见的副词有：only，so， here，there，now，often，then，down，out， in，up，hence，thus，well

23、，off，away，twice， gladly，many a time等等。1、在由only开头的句子中，only后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，要求用倒装结构。例如：1）Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard 2）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests 如果only在句首，但是only后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，则不用倒装结构。2、在由so开头、引导的表

24、示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒装结构，so为肯定的附和。例如：John had been working hard and so had his brother3、由there引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：1）The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform4、由there或now引起的句子、谓语为 come（go）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：1）There comes the bus2）Now comes your turn5、由here引起的句子、谓语为be的句子，要求用倒装结构

25、。例如：1）Here are some good newly-published novels2）Here is Chinas largest tropical forest但是，如果主语是人称代词时，由here和 there引出的句子也不用倒装结构。例如：1）Here we are2）Here you are6、由then引起的句子、谓语为come（follow）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：1）Then come wind，hail and frost2）Then came a new difficulty7、由often引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：Often did we warn

26、 them not to do so三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装1、在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件状语中，如果省略了连接词if，要求用倒装结构。例如：1）Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday2）Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party3）Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exam

27、s2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿。例如：1）May this book in a small way help to improve your English2）Long live friendship！四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装在比较状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常常可以在主语前添加助动词do（be）代替前面出现过的动词。这时，比较对象放在这个do（be）后面，形成一种部分倒装的形式；1）He always spends more time on that useless matter than

28、do the others2）The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years agoThe more you explain, the more confused I am.在由no matter how，however和how引导的方式状语从句中，其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如：1）However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam2）No matter how badly they had slept

29、 she was always up early五、在由soadvadj that和such that引出的结果状语从句中，要求用倒装句。例如：1）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed2）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape3）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分，往往可以用

30、倒装结构。例如：1）A very capable young man he is4）Standing beside the table was an interpreter七、在感叹的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语，而补语又被what或how修饰时，要求用倒装结构。例如：1）What a great project it is！2）How beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1.(should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2.if或but for等引导的条件句(已考

31、)3.wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advan

32、ce. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.四、课堂运用真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。参考答案：we hand in our res

33、earch report(s)2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面(情形1)动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。3在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgen

34、t, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。真题重现【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案：These children (shou

35、ld) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but for等引导的条件句if引导虚拟条件句的用法条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(had done)would have done与将来事实相反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very bu

36、sy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at

37、 home. 与将来事实相反but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time参考答案：would have survived【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, _.我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)参考答案：our

38、communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.【CET-6:2007.1If you had _(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦).参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble.It is (high, about) time 句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.s

39、omething was done/some measures were taken动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反were或动词的一般过去式与过去事实相反had done或would/could have done将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could, might)+动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。if only后用虚拟语

40、气（要是就太好了）现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了！课程小结知识要点：1、倒装句（Inversion）英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型类型例 句说 明完全倒装Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学

41、生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。整个谓语移至主语之前。部分倒 装Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到。只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装情 况例 句说 明疑问句中Have you got a dictionary?Where did he go last Monday?Are you listening to the radio?Who told you the news?Which boy broke this glass?用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用

42、正常语序。“there be”结构中There are three wells in our village.There will be a party tonight.在以there,here now,then,just,out,in,up,down.away,bang等方位或拟声词的副词开头的句子中，且谓语为be,stand,lie,come,go,fall等Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one

43、 by one .In came our teacher.Out rushed the boys.一般使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。Down she went 她下来了。在以nor,Neither,no more或者so开头的句中 I cant swim, nor (neither)can she .我不会游泳，她也不会。He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。表示“也不”,neither和nor意思相同,可以替换使用, So表示“也一样”时用倒装，但

44、仅用于肯定对方所说的内容时用正常语序。so + 动词+主语“也是如此”neither/ nor + 动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withMy brother can speak French. So can my sister.It is a sunny day. So it is.例如：You can ride a bike. So can I .He has been to Beijing. So have I .The first one isnt good, neither is the second

45、.例如：His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。Young as he is, he knows a lot .虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装

46、（表语提前,部分倒装）,Though引导的句子可倒装也可不到装， although引导 的句子不可倒装2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情 况例 句说 明含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive.Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.不仅他

47、所拥有的一切都被剥夺了,而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。常用否定词有: never, not, hardly, scarcely(几乎不), seldom, little, barely(几乎不), rarely(很少的),by no means, in no way, at no time, not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。当not onlybut also连接主语成分时，句子用正常语序。Not only Jack but also many others enjo

48、y pop music.副词only放在句首时Only then did he realize his mistakes .Only in this way can you learn maths well .only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。Only Mother can understand me .Only three of us failed in the exam.虚拟语气条件从句中Were they here, they would help us .Had I been informed earlier.

49、I could have done something.Should you fail, take more pain and try again.把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help” “What do you think of the film? ”he asked. “Im leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me y

50、esterday.主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed! 祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of China.中国共产党万岁！谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。

51、在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。表地点状语的介词短语放在句首。In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。In the distance was a horse.马在远处。 一般使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。课后作业倒装句练习 (I)1.

52、 Never in my life such a thing.A. I have heard of or seen B. I had heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen2. Seldom TV during the day.A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch3.Not until his comrades criticized him to admit his mistake.A. d

53、oes he begin B. did he begin C. began he D. had he begun4. Not only a promise, but also he kept it.A. did he make B. he madeC. does he makeD. has he made5. nor read English.A. Cant he either write B. He can neither write C. Can he neither write D. Neither he can write6. Only when thousands of flower

54、s bloom together .A. spring will be considered hereB. could spring be considering hereC. can spring be considered hereD. spring can be considered here7. his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. So was strange B. Was so strangeC. So strange wasD. Strange so was8. and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat9.“It was cold yesterday.”“ .”Which of the following is wrong.A. So it was B. So is it todayC. So was it the day bef