建筑环境学 03第3章热湿环境2+双语(1)

1、12345Thermal and Humid Environment67Internal heat sourceExhaust airHeat gain of infiltrating windHeat gain of conduction through the envelopSolar heat gain through the glass8Basic conception of thermal and humid environment building thermal building thermal process (process (建筑热过程建筑热过程): ): No matte

2、r the No matter the heat and heat and moisture transfer from the envelope moisture transfer from the envelope or or are are produced indoor, the way it worksproduced indoor, the way it works includs: includs: convective convective heat heat transfer (convective mass transfer) transfer (convective ma

3、ss transfer) ,heat ,heat conduction(water vapour conduction(water vapour infiltrationinfiltration) )and radiationand radiation. .Convective heat transfer (convective mass transfer) heat and moisture transferred through envelope or produced indoorradiationheat conduction(water vapour infiltration)910

4、11selectivity of glass for radiationselectivity of glass for radiation0.8visible lightnear infrared raylong wave infrared rayspectral transmittance of common glasstransmittancewave lengthThe spectral curve of common glass12Absorptance Reflectivity Transmittance wave length13太阳得热系数太阳得热系数14Reflectivit

5、y Transmittancewave length1516long wave radiationheat conduction and natural convective transfer heat long wave radiationlong wave radiation of indoor surface on glassheat convection17Absorptance Reflectivity rTransmittance 18transmissionabsorptionreflectionsunlight on a single-layer glass19sunlight

6、 on adouble-layer glasstransmissionabsorptionreflectionReflected radiation2021outLoutairzQaItt outairzaItt 22B What is the “What is the “apparent temperature apparent temperature （体感温度）（体感温度）” ” under the sun?under the sun?B What influence factors is What influence factors is the solar-air temperatu

7、re the solar-air temperature related related with?with?B Are Are the solar-air temperature of the solar-air temperature of high high reflectivity reflectivity mirror wall and red brick mirror wall and red brick wall wall the same?the same?B Please try to calculate the difference between solar-Please

8、 try to calculate the difference between solar-air temperature and the air temperature under the air temperature and the air temperature under the midsummer sun?midsummer sun?23atmospheric atmospheric long wave long wave radiationradiation)(444gggskyskywggskywLTxTxTxxQ Thermal performances of buildi

9、ng envelope and heat gain24B Heat Gain （HG） The amount of heat entering a room under the effect of internal and external interferenceB Object the space surrounded by internal surface of building envelopeJinfluenced by the external /internal interference25Heat gainLatent heatSensible heatRadiant heat

10、 gainConvective heat gain26The heat transfer process through non-transparent envelope27heat conduction through opaque envelopeTime(h)heat flow rate(W/m2)Temperature()Outdoor air temperatureLight wallHeavy wallOutdoor air temperaturedelayattenuationInner surface temperature of the wall 28The heat con

11、duction through opaque envelopeTemperature()timeIndoor temperature(0)Inner surfaceOutdoor average temperatureOuter surfaceOutdoor air29The heat conduction through opaque envelopewall:wall:xtxxaxtxat )()(22 xshwjimjijijinainxtxQTTxtt|)()()()(),(441,long wave radiation through internal surface0,|)(),

12、0()( xoutlwsoloutaoutxtxQQtt 30The analysis of basic physical processBHeat transfer rate of the wall (heat gain)Heat transfer rate of the wall (heat gain)shwmjinajrinainshwjimjijijinainxcondwallQttttQTTxttxtxQ1,441,)(),()(),()()()(),(|)(The equivalent radiant heat transfer coefficient 当量辐射换热系数3132Ev

13、en Even though though out out door meteorological door meteorological parameterparameterare certain,are certain,solve the rate of heat transfersolve the rate of heat transfer33The heat transfer process through transparent envelope34Types and thermal performances of window35Types and thermal performa

14、ncesof glass windowBResidential buildingResidential buildingBP Public buildingublic buildingreflective reflective coated coated glass in glass in ChinaChinahigh high insulation performance insulation performance in in developed countriesdeveloped countries36Types and thermal performancesof glass win

15、dowheat heat transfer transfer coefficient coefficient 4mm single-glassstandard double-glass: 4mm glass and 12mm air interlayerdouble-glass: 4mm glass and 16mm argon interlayer（氩气中空）373839reflectionconvectiontransmissionconvectiontransmissionreflection40hfloor n pw2ndpw1ohstory n dinternal cavitybli

16、ndsexternal cavityfloor double glassoutside single glass414243)(,windwind,inaoutacondwindttFKHG Absorptance Transmittance Reflectivity 44difglassdifDiglassDiglassIIHG, )(,difdifDiDiinoutoutaglassaIaIRRRHG 45difDiglass,aglass,SSGSSGHGHGSSG46windwindnsdifsDisolwindFXCCSSGXSSGHG)(,windglassnsdifsDiinou

17、tawindsolwindcondwindwindFXCCSSGXSSGttKHGHGHG)()()()()()()(,4849 outaviiinvK 1111Moisture transmission through building envelope K Kv v-Water vapor infiltration coefficient-Water vapor infiltration coefficient水蒸气渗透系数水蒸气渗透系数, , 50saturated water vapor partial pressuretemperatureactual water vapor par

18、tial pressureMoisture transmission through building envelope51electrical electrical appliances, occupancyappliances, occupancy The The wavelength wavelength of radiation of of radiation of sensible heat sourcesensible heat sourceelectric stoveelectric stove525354B When air volume infiltrating into r

19、ooms =air volume When air volume infiltrating into rooms =air volume infiltrating out of rooms - infiltrating out of rooms - calculate calculate the heat the heat gain gain according according to to the the infiltration infiltration rate rate 渗风量渗风量B In summer: the temperature difference between ind

20、oor and In summer: the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is small, wind pressure ventilation is the main driveoutdoor is small, wind pressure ventilation is the main driveB In winter: the In winter: the temperature difference between indoor and temperature difference between indoor a

21、nd outdoor is outdoor is large, the effect of thermal pressure large, the effect of thermal pressure （热压）（热压）is is always stronger than wind pressure, which cause the heating always stronger than wind pressure, which cause the heating load to be lager in underlying room. the infiltrating load to be

22、lager in underlying room. the infiltrating wind wind cannot be ignored in cannot be ignored in winter.winter.B Engineering Engineering application: application: gap method, air change method gap method, air change method 55Binfiltrating infiltrating heat heat gaingainllkLaagap infiltration capacity

23、per unit lengthcorrection coefficientVnLa）h（hLHGinoutaailinf565758 transient cooling load transient cooling load59Quantity of heatQuantity of heat storagetransient heat gain transient cooling loadQuantity of heat storageneeded to be removedQuantity of heat storageneeded to be removedActual cooling l

24、oadheat gain from lightingQuantity of heat storage相位差、幅度差相位差、幅度差6061626364niiwall,cond,miwind,iilHclQHGHGHGQ11inf6667niiwall,cond,miwind,iilHclQHGHGHGQ11inf68The increment of air sensible heat空气的显热增值空气的显热增值It is positive when temperature risesa11infQ- niiwall,cond,miwind,iil,sH,Sconvcl,sQHGHGHGHEQTh

25、e internal surface temperature change leads to increase or decrease of heat removal6970 xtxxaxtxat )()(22)(),(|),(|),(,xfxtxtQQttxtttxshwlwinainxoutaout 000 )()(441 jimjijijlwTTxQ 71当量温差法谐波反应法谐波分解法冷负荷系数法冷负荷温差法反应系数法负荷计算法1946. USA1950s. USSR1967. CanadaLoad algorithmResponse coefficient methodEquivale

26、nt temperaturedifferenceHarmonic decomposition methodHarmonic response methodCooling load coefficient methodCooling load temperature difference72S Steady-state algorithmteady-state algorithmynamic algorithmynamic algorithmComputer simulation softwareComputer simulation software73Steady-state algorit

27、hm74-15-10-505101520253035024681012141618202224夏季室内控制温度夏季室外气温冬季室内控制温度冬季室外气温温度()夏季t冬季t时间26261828.628.69Temperature()Indoor control temperature in summer Indoor control temperature in winter Outdoor air temperature in summer Outdoor air temperature in wintersummerWinter t75The principle of integral tr

28、ansform（积分变换）（积分变换）methodintegral integral transformation such as transformation such as linear linear partial differential equation with partial differential equation with constant constant coefficient. The concept of integral transformation is coefficient. The concept of integral transformation is

29、 moving a function from a domain to another domain in which moving a function from a domain to another domain in which the function has a simple formthe function has a simple form, , so the so the analytical analytical solution is solution is obtained. And then transform the obtained equation obtain

30、ed. And then transform the obtained equation inversely inversely to to get the final solution.get the final solution.7677G(s)Input(s)Output(s)系统系统Input( )Output( )()()()()(00sIsOdeIdeOsGss 78The characteristics of linear time-invariant systems7980-5-55 515152525353545450 01440144028802880 43204320 5760576072007200 86408640温度()温度()时间时间(h)Temperature()Time(h)81ynamic algorithm -boundary conditions: Fourier series decomposition边界条件处理：傅里叶级数分解边界条件处理：傅里叶级数分解时域的周期矩形形波时域的周期矩形形波变换的本质之一：叠加性，变换的本质之一：叠加性，每个圆代表一个谐波分量每个圆代表一个谐波分量阶数越高，越逼近原曲线阶数越高，越逼近原曲线把看似杂乱无章的信号考虑成由一定振幅、相位、频率的基本正弦（余弦）把看似杂乱无章的信号考虑成由一定振幅、相位、