dilemma_for_science

1、Unit 5 Dilemma for Science科学的进退两难Background information Facial Transplantation 面部移植2005年11月，法国医生为该国妇女伊莎贝尔迪努瓦尔实施了脸部移植手术,使其成为世界首个变脸人。Medical ProgressFacial Transplantation2008年11月13日，达拉斯韦恩斯在升降台上工作时不慎触碰到高压电线，脸部重度烧伤。自额头以下的脸部皮肤全被烧毁，失去鼻子和嘴唇，双目也因此失明。多亏美国先进的医疗技术，他得以重新拥有一个新脸。2011年3月，美国波士顿的一家医院对他实施了全美第一例“全脸换脸

2、”手术Medical ProgressMedical Progress newsMedical Progress1996年7月5日克隆羊多莉出生。多莉是人类首次利用成年动物体细胞克隆成功的第一个生命。它的基因母亲是一头普通白绵羊。1998年4月产下第一个羊宝宝邦尼，从而证明了克隆动物也能生育。1999年又产下了三个。2003年2月14日，经兽医诊断，多莉患有严重的进行性肺病。所谓“进行性”疾病是指患者病情不断发展恶化，生命危在旦夕。鉴于这种情况，研究所决定为多莉实施“安乐死”，只有6岁。Clone 克隆Medical ProgressTranssexualism 变性Medical Progr

3、essTranssexualism 变性Medical ProgressTranssexualism2005年7月25日报道，保加利亚公民斯雷科伊什卡夫为了逃脱监狱之灾，使用了一种最原始的方法改变性别。在开庭之前，伊什卡夫做了一个变性手术，变成了一个女人，还给自己取一个女人的名字阿尔贝亚娜。米哈伊洛夫。尽管法庭开庭审理了这起案件，但是最终法庭宣布被告失踪，法官宣判说一个女人为什么要替男人犯的罪承担责任呢？这个案子就此不了了之。 Medical ProgressCosmetic surgery整容Medical ProgressCosmetic surgery整容据英国每日邮报报道，美国北卡罗来

4、纳州25岁女子Pixee Fox痴迷卡通人物Jessica兔女郎，并下决心把自己也变成其大胸细腰样子。让人吃惊的是，她不惜花费12万美元（约合人民币76.7万元）前后接手了十几项整容手术，锯掉了6根肋骨，此外包括隆鼻、丰唇、丰胸、提臀等。 Medical ProgressCosmetic surgery整容Medical ProgressCosmetic surgery整容Medical ProgressCosmetic surgery整容Text AnalysisFind the corresponding English expressions医学 道德问题 医学突破 巨大的心理压力抢手

5、面部移植 科幻小说 激光技术首席整容外科医生 从事 血管面部表情 面部残缺/毁容 五官Text AnalysisPara 1-3 Para 4-9Para 10-16Para 17-19Medical science has developed rapidlyProblems of facial transplantRealization of facial transplantPublic attitude towards facial transplantText Analysis Man has made great progress in medical science and it

6、seems every kind of miracle is being performed. Read the following text and get to know how.人类在医药科学领域取得了巨大成就，似乎什么奇迹人类在医药科学领域取得了巨大成就，似乎什么奇迹都能发生。读读以下的文章，看奇迹是如何产生的。都能发生。读读以下的文章，看奇迹是如何产生的。miracle n. 奇迹e.g. It was nothing less than a miracle. Short of a miracle, we are certain to lose now.Para 1-3Para 1-

7、3 Rapid advances in medical science seem to throw up new ethical questions almost every day. In a dramatic medical breakthrough, which has been compared to science fiction, doctors in London have claimed that it would be possible to transplant a whole human face by grafting a dead persons face on to

8、 a living one. Not in some distance future, but now. 飞速发展的医学， 似乎每天都在提出新的伦理问题。 伦敦的医生们声称：有可能把完整的死者的面孔移植于活人的脸孔。这个曾经被人们喻为科幻小说里的情节，今天将成为医学史上一次激动人心的突破。 不再遥远，而是现在.dilemma : 两难境地 ；困难E.g. Her dilemma was whether to stay on at home or get a job . The bad weather put us in a dilemma- shall we move on or go bac

9、k? The doctors dilemma was whether he should tell the patient the truth .throw up 呕吐，恶心，产生，放弃E.g. He wanted to throw up his job. He makes me want to throw up. Her research has thrown up some interesting facts.breakthrough 突破e.g. Scientist have made a significant breakthrough in the treatment of canc

10、er .Claim v. 要求，主张，断言，声称，索赔 n. 要求，主张，声称，断言，索赔e.g. Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident? Dora claimed she has nothing to do with the robbery. He lodged a claim for the loss.transplant 移植e.g. His hands were hardly burned and he had to have skin transplanted .graft n. 嫁接，移植 v.嫁接，移植e.g

11、. He had a skin graft on the burnt leg. Para4-5 Para4-5 The breakthrough would greatly benefit people disfigured by injury or disease, but doctors warned that it had deep psychological implications both for the recipient of the new face and the family of the donor. Anyone living by the slogan : Live

12、 fast, die young and leave a pretty corpse may soon find themselves in hot demand. Unfortunately they are unlikely to enjoy the benefits of the attention. 这一科学突破为那些因受伤或患有疾病而被毁容的人们带来了福音，然而医生们却告诫说，它会对面皮移植者及捐献者的家属产生巨大的心里压力。 那些纵情享乐，英年早逝，从而留下美丽遗容的人，会很快发现自己成了热门货。只可惜他们自身无法享受公众的热切关注。Para 4-9Para 4-9The pros

13、pect of facial transplantation in which a patient would undergo at least 10 hours of surgery to receive new skin, bone, lips, chin, ears and nose from a donor, may seem more like a science fiction plot.In the film Face Off, John Travolta, playing a special agent, and Nicolas Cage, a master criminal,

14、 swap faces using laser technology. The plot revolves around their new identities. 在脸部移植中，病人将接受至少长达十几个小时的外科手术，从而获得来自捐献者脸上的暂新的皮肤，骨骼，嘴唇，下巴，耳朵以及鼻子。这样的手术更像是天方夜谭。 在电影变脸中，扮演侦探的约翰.屈伏塔和扮演惯犯的尼古拉斯.凯奇利用激光技术交换了面孔。故事情节围绕着他们身份的变换而展开。 Para 4-9Para 4-9 然而这样的“变脸”术可能会被许多人滥用，其中不仅仅有那些想改变容颜的罪犯，甚至会有许多普通人，旨在换一张更具有吸引力的脸。 彼

15、得.白特勒医生，作为伦敦皇家公立医院整行外科大夫，目前正致力于脸部移植术的研究。他说道，“现在的问题不在于我们是否能够办到，而在于我们是否应该这样做。在目前情况下，技术已不是问题，而我们所关切的是我们是否应该利用此项技术。”LINES 7-12LINES 7-12 Benefit : 1-Benefit : 1-作动词作动词 ： 对对有益（有益（do do good togood to）Example : Take this medicine every Example : Take this medicine every six hours , it will benefit you a s

16、ix hours , it will benefit you a lot .lot . 2- 2-作名词作名词 ： 利益、好利益、好（anything that bring help , anything that bring help , advantage , or profit)advantage , or profit)Example : What are the chief benefit Example : What are the chief benefit of exercise ?of exercise ? Implication : What is involved by

17、Implication : What is involved by something elsesomething else 牵连，含意，暗示牵连，含意，暗示Examples :Examples :1)What is the implication of that 1)What is the implication of that statement ?statement ?2)The journalists discussed the 2)The journalists discussed the political implications of the war .political im

18、plications of the war .Recipient : a person who receives Recipient : a person who receives something something 接受者接受者Example :Example :The recipients of the prizes had The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper .their names printed in the paper . Lines 13-18Lines 13-18In hot d

19、emand : in great need In hot demand : in great need 热门货热门货Examples Examples 1)Taxis are in hot demand on rainy 1)Taxis are in hot demand on rainy days in a city like this .days in a city like this .2)Oil is in hot demand these days .2)Oil is in hot demand these days .3)With the improvement of people

20、3)With the improvement of peoples s living standards green food must be living standards green food must be in hot demand .in hot demand .Be (un) likely to do : (Be (un) likely to do : (不不) )可能做某事可能做某事Examples :Examples :1)They are doing much better than 1)They are doing much better than before but

21、they are unlikely to win before but they are unlikely to win the cup now .the cup now .2)Once people have seen that 2)Once people have seen that something actually works, they are something actually works, they are mush more likely to accept it .mush more likely to accept it .Prospect : something ex

22、pected or Prospect : something expected or considered probable considered probable 可能性、前景、寻可能性、前景、寻找、勘探找、勘探Example : He gave up halfway because Example : He gave up halfway because he didnt see any prospect of he didnt see any prospect of success .success . Undergo : experience ;pass through Undergo

23、 : experience ;pass through 经经历、遭受历、遭受Examples :Examples :1)The word is undergoing complicated 1)The word is undergoing complicated and profound changes .and profound changes .2)The mountaineers underwent many 2)The mountaineers underwent many difficulties before they reached the difficulties before

24、 they reached the top of the mountain .top of the mountain .Lines 19-28Lines 19-28 Lines 19-28Lines 19-28 Revolve around : have as a center or Revolve around : have as a center or the main subject the main subject 围绕围绕展开展开Examples : Examples : 1)Because the whole family revolves 1)Because the whole

25、family revolves around him he is regarded as the in around him he is regarded as the in the palm .the palm .2)Their talk tends to revolve mostly 2)Their talk tends to revolve mostly around the coming party .around the coming party .identity : who or what a particular identity : who or what a particu

26、lar person or thing is person or thing is 身份，本身，身份，本身， Examples :Examples :1)A traveler1)A travelers passport established s passport established his identity .his identity .2)There was no clue to the identity 2)There was no clue to the identity of the murder . of the murder . It is not a question It

27、 is not a question but but 不是一个什么问题而是什么什么不是一个什么问题而是什么什么Examples :Examples :1)It is not a question whether you can go 1)It is not a question whether you can go there but should you go there .there but should you go there .2)It is not a question whether he can help 2)It is not a question whether he ca

28、n help you but should he help you .you but should he help you . Have concern whether Have concern whether 关注关注是否是是否是Examples :Examples :1)The flood is under control but we have 1)The flood is under control but we have concerns whether it will come again .concerns whether it will come again .2)He got

29、 the job but be has concerns 2)He got the job but be has concerns whether he might lose it someday .whether he might lose it someday . Lines 29-42Lines 29-42 并非人人适用并非人人适用 脸新型显微外科器械，以及更好的抗排斥药脸新型显微外科器械，以及更好的抗排斥药物都促使了这项移植术更接近于成功。物都促使了这项移植术更接近于成功。 医生们必须从捐献者脸上取走或采集到人脸医生们必须从捐献者脸上取走或采集到人脸供血所需的八根不同的血管，其中四根是

30、动脉血供血所需的八根不同的血管，其中四根是动脉血管，四根是静脉血管。管，四根是静脉血管。 另外一组医生则从接受者脸上拿下或撕下整另外一组医生则从接受者脸上拿下或撕下整张脸孔，包括面部肌肉，皮肤以及皮下脂肪，其张脸孔，包括面部肌肉，皮肤以及皮下脂肪，其过程犹如过程犹如“脱手套脱手套”一般。一般。 外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。Lines 29-42Lines 29-42 Device : something made for a particular Device : something made

31、for a particular purpose purpose 装置、发明物、策略装置、发明物、策略Example :Example :He made a device t let the door shut by He made a device t let the door shut by itself .itself .Consent : agreement or permission Consent : agreement or permission 同意许可同意许可Examples :Examples :1)I ought to have asked for your consen

32、t 1)I ought to have asked for your consent beforehand .beforehand .2)I still can2)I still cant conceive how you managed to t conceive how you managed to get his consent .get his consent . Attach : Attach : 1)Fasten or join 1)Fasten or join 联络联络 加入加入Example : Be sure to attach the label Example : Be

33、sure to attach the label to your luggage .to your luggage .2)Bind by love 2)Bind by love 依附依附Example : Tom was so attached to has Example : Tom was so attached to has mother .mother . Lines 43-56Lines 43-56 外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，并得到他们家属的同意。者，并得到他们家属的同意。 一旦医生们得到了捐献者的脸孔，他们便开一旦医生们得到了捐

34、献者的脸孔，他们便开始接上控制面部活动和感觉的神经。如果无法完始接上控制面部活动和感觉的神经。如果无法完成神经再生，移植术将是枉费工夫。同样，通过成神经再生，移植术将是枉费工夫。同样，通过极其细小的显微缝合，捐献者的血管必须和接受极其细小的显微缝合，捐献者的血管必须和接受者的血管相连结。者的血管相连结。 白特勒医生说，尽管接受者脸部移植术的人白特勒医生说，尽管接受者脸部移植术的人不会和他的供给者长得一模一样，但是皮肤的肌不会和他的供给者长得一模一样，但是皮肤的肌理和光度，面部表情却相差无几。理和光度，面部表情却相差无几。 白特勒医生还说，只有极少数精选者，才可白特勒医生还说，只有极少数精选者，

35、才可接受该项移植术，他们可能是：因为烧伤而严重接受该项移植术，他们可能是：因为烧伤而严重破相的人，曾经接受过脸部外科手术的癌症患者，破相的人，曾经接受过脸部外科手术的癌症患者，或是在意外事故中被毁容的人。或是在意外事故中被毁容的人。 “我们的移植术是出于想帮助那些有严重的面我们的移植术是出于想帮助那些有严重的面貌缺陷而苦苦挣扎的人们。如果我们的意图能充貌缺陷而苦苦挣扎的人们。如果我们的意图能充分地向公众说明的话，人们或许会克服对它的厌分地向公众说明的话，人们或许会克服对它的厌恶感。恶感。” 但是白特勒医生充分意识到尚有很多公众仍但是白特勒医生充分意识到尚有很多公众仍然对这种移植术感到不安。在他

36、进行调查的确然对这种移植术感到不安。在他进行调查的确120120人中，无一人愿意捐献出自己的容貌。人中，无一人愿意捐献出自己的容貌。 他说，他说，“对于这个问题进行一次全社会的充分对于这个问题进行一次全社会的充分辩论是很有必要的。辩论是很有必要的。”Lines 43-56Lines 43-56Tone : Tone : 1)The sound of a voice or of a 1)The sound of a voice or of a musical instrument musical instrument 声调，口气声调，口气Example : I donExample : I do

37、nt like you talking to t like you talking to me in that tone .me in that tone .2)Shade (for color); degree (of light)2)Shade (for color); degree (of light)Example : The room is furnished in Example : The room is furnished in various tone of brown .various tone of brown . Severe : very bad , hard ; n

38、ot kind Severe : very bad , hard ; not kind or gentle or gentle 严重的；凶残的严重的；凶残的Example : His quick recovery from a Example : His quick recovery from a severe illness was surprising .severe illness was surprising .Overcome : successfully deal with and Overcome : successfully deal with and control a pr

39、oblem or a feeling .control a problem or a feeling .克服克服Examples : Examples : 1)Finally he overcome his fear of height .1)Finally he overcome his fear of height .2)The learner of a second language has 2)The learner of a second language has many obstacles to overcomemany obstacles to overcome . . Be

40、aware : be known Be aware : be known 意识到，知道意识到，知道Examples :Examples :1)I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it 1)I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was .was .2)She is aware that I2)She is aware that Im leaving for m leaving for Honking .Honking .3)You must be aware what you did was quite 3)Yo

41、u must be aware what you did was quite illegal .illegal .Carry out : perform Carry out : perform 执行，实施执行，实施Examples :Examples :1)The government has worked out a new 1)The government has worked out a new plan to help than , and it will be plan to help than , and it will be carried out next year .carr

42、ied out next year .2)They will take some measures to 2)They will take some measures to make sure that all the proposals will make sure that all the proposals will be carried out .be carried out .Debate : formal discussion Debate : formal discussion 辩论辩论Example : There had a heated debate Example : T

43、here had a heated debate on the question of capital on the question of capital punishment .punishment . 1. Rise, arise, arouse 1. Rise, arise, arouse 首先，首先， rise, arise rise, arise 是是vi, raise, vi, raise, arouse arouse 是是vt vt 其次，其次，rise rise （roserose，risenrisen）意为）意为“升起，升起，增高增高, ,增涨增涨”Eg. Eg. The sun rose at seven oThe sun rose at seven oclock.clock. 太阳七点钟升起。太阳七点钟升起。 The river is rising after the rain. The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。雨后河水涨了。 1. Rise, arise, arouse 1. R