初中英语语法归纳：代词

1、初中英语语法归纳：代词代词（pron.）代替名词，兼有名词和形容词的作用（一）代词的类别相互代词 each other,one another指示代词 this,that,these,those不定彳t词（不指明特定的人或事物的代词）each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,（a）few,（a）little,some,any,many,much,ot her,another复合不定代词 everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,noone,every-thing,som

2、ething,anything,nothing疑问代词 what,who,whom,which,whose直接代词 疑问代词都可作连接代词，引导宾语从句。表语从句等。关系代词 who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。（二）代词的用法1 .人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法（1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。eg. She gave me a red apple.她给了我一个红苹果：（She作主语，me作动词宾语）Kath is near him.凯西靠近他。（介tnear的宾语）2 .物主代词有形容词性物主

3、代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词位于名词前：their school,his backpack名词性物主代词相当干一个名词，在句中可作主语、宾语等，后面不能再接名词。egIt isn ' mypen. f Mine（=mypen） is missing.（ 作主语）I left my pen at home. You can use hers（=herpen）,（作宾语）“of名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。eg.a cat of hers 她的一条狗,a friend of yours 你的一个朋友3 .反身代词反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词

4、的宾语。eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.（作同位语）She bought herself a new bag.（作动词宾语）He' s not worried about himself.（ 作介词宾语）带有反身代词的常用短语。teach oneself 自学help oneself to随便吃些 吧say to oneself自言 自语。learn by oneself 自学一enjoy oneself 过得愉快leave one by oneself把某人单独留下hurt oneself 伤了自己dress onese

5、lf 自己穿衣服come to oneself 苏醒过来4 .相互代词表示相互关系，可用作动词或介词的宾语，用法区别不大。eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another(each other) 。 多年来姐妹俩互 相照顾。We should learn from each other.我们应当互相学习。可以用格表示所有关系：each other ' s, one anothers互相的，彼此的eg.They are looking at each other ' s pictures们相互看对方的照片。5 .指示代

6、词指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。eg. This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.这是棵苹果树， 那是棵桔子树。These are my friends,and that is my sister.这些是我朋友，那个是我姐姐。指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情：eg.Steve had a bad cold.This/That was why he didn ' t come to school yesterday.2.不定代词(1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,non

7、e 的用法each每个/各个”强调个体)，用于两者或两者以上。eg.Two girls came and l gave an apple to each.来了俩姑娘，我给她们每人一个苹果。Each of them has a nice ring.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。every每个/各个"强调全体),用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。eg.Every day is important to us.每天对我们都很重要。He has read every book(all the books) On the subject.他阅读了 所有有关这个主题的书。both表示两者 都”强

8、调全体)。eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母者 B 是医生。Both of them are doctors. 他俩都是医生。They both like potatoes. 他俩喜欢吃土豆。all全'体/大家/一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。eg.That ' s all for today.今天至U止匕为止。All of us are from China. 我们都来自中国。All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。either两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体)。eg.The two coats are

9、cheap,so you can choose either of them.那两件夕卜套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。neither两个都不"，用于否定两者。eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。no（=not any/not a）没'有'可接可数名词单复数，也可接不可数名词。eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹。A clock has no mouth,but it can talk.钟表没有嘴，但能说话。There is no fire witho

10、ut some smoke. 有火就有烟。none '没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。neither和none表示完全否定；all,both,each 和every（含every的复合词）等与not连 用时表示部分否定。eg.I don ' t know all of you我不完全认识你们。Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那

11、儿。（2）one,ones 和 no one 的用法one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人，以免重复；复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人；no one表示否定。eg.Would you please pass me the science book?给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗？一 Which one?哪一本？一 The one on my shelf. 我书架上的那本。No one has traveled farther than to the moon.没有人旅行远过月球。（3）（a）few,（a）little;many,much;some,any 的用法many（+复数名

12、词）,much（+不可数名词）表示许多/很多”。eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些学生许多是从英国来的。Tha nks,it ' s too much for me谢谢,我承受不起。few（+复数名词）,little（+不可数名词）表示 没多/很少”表否定）。eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上没什么人。I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我担心，我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。a

13、 few（+复数名词）,a little（+不可数名词）表示 有一些/有几个”表肯定）。eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看至 U冰箱里有几块蛋糕和些面包。注意：quite a few 表示 相当多”eg.There are quite a few students over there.那儿有相当多的学生。some（+复数名词/不可数名词）,any（+复数名词/不可数名词）表示有一些/有几个“表 肯定）。eg.There are some birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。There is so

14、me water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。I don ' t have any brothers Of sisters. 我没有Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗？some.some 一般用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中，多用eg : Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗 ？Why didn' t you buy some sweets?(You should have bought )你怎么没买点糖果 ？any 一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句eg.There isn '

15、 t any wate门eft没有乘U下一点水。If you have any questions, put up your hands.please. 如果有问题，请举手。some+单数名词表示某一个“，any+l数名词表示 随便哪一个”或任何一个”。eg.I ' ll catch up with you some day 有天我会赶上你的。Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。Tom is taller than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 one ,other, others, the ot

16、hers ,another等的用法1.0 onethe other表示两个人或两件东西中的工个另一个”eg.Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse.2.one another表示不定数目中的&个“与男一个eg. I don ' t want this One, please give me another.3.one the others强调在一定范围中的工个”与其余的”。eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Other

17、s are Chinese.4. OOO somethe ohers表示许多人或物，不在一定范围中的 &部分”与其余的全部”。eg.Some students are reading,the others are drawing pictures. others=other+ 名词;the others=the Other+ 名词。eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at home.another表示再/又”时既可接单数名词，也可接数词+复数名词。eg. He will be a

18、ble to finish his work in another two hours.再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。(4)复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。eg.There is something important On today ' s newspaper. 今天的报纸有些重要新闻。复合不定代词变否定句时，要否定主语：eg.Something is wrong.(变为否定句)Something isn '

19、t wrong.作昔误)Nothing is wrong.( 正确) Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything 一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。eg.There is something new in the park. 公园里有些新的景点。Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗？当somebody,someone 等用于疑问句时，表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone 等用在肯定句中表示 任何人”。eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗 ?Anyone can make mistakes.任何人者B可能犯错误。3 .疑问代词的用法。who/whom 谁(指人)。作主语