：Unit-3--The-Present-Perfect-Passive-Voice课件(共25张PPT)

1、Unit 3 ComputersPeriod 5 GrammarThe Present Perfect Passive VoiceAims:1. Understand the uses of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Use the Present Perfect Passive Voice correctly 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态The structure of the presen

2、t perfect passive voice is: have / has beened1. 主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“已经被已经被”。The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。新学校已经建成了。2. 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：现在完成时被动语态的肯

3、定式为： have / has + been + doneThe experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + doneToms novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have / has提到主语的前面。提到主语的前面。Has his bike been repaired? 他

4、的自行车修好了吗？他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词疑问词 + have / has + been + doneWho has been invited? 谁受到了邀请？谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：概念：1. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2. 主语是行为动作的承受者。主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由现在完成时的被动语态由have/has beenv-ed构成，其中构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，为过去分词，表示被动。表示被动。I

5、 have been told about it many timesThe bridge has just been built在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：注意以下两点：1. 过去分词前有两个助动词：过去分词前有两个助动词： have / has和和been。2. 必须表示被动。必须表示被动。 注意注意:1. 副词的位置副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于等副词置于have / has和和been中间。中间。如如: 误误 Such a man has been hardl

6、y believed. 正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态并不是所有动词都有被动语态(1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被等不及物动词或词组无被 动语态。如：动语态。如： 误误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.(2) open, brea

7、k, drop等不强调动作发出等不强调动作发出 者时常用主动语态。者时常用主动语态。3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。如：或副词。如：The patients have been taken good care of.4. 一些特殊动词一些特殊动词, 如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，意思， 则需改换动词或时态。

8、则需改换动词或时态。如：如：My brother has had (不能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.How long has this book been bought?How long ago was this book bought?(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。语。(2) 把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定时

9、态来决定be的形式的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之之后作宾语后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。将主格改为宾格。 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.(4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，个宾语变为主语， 另一

10、个保留不动。另一个保留不动。主动：主动：I have given him the key.被动：被动：He has been given the key.被动：被动：The key has been given (to) him.(5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只只能将宾语变为主语能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动，原来的宾补保留不动， 改称主语补足语。改称主语补足语。主动：主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：被动：She has been asked to help you. 1. When and where to

11、go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided单选单选 2. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 3. All the preparation

12、s for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. Some new oilfields _ since 1976. A. were opened up B. has opened up C. have been opened up D. had been opened up 5. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned

13、over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 6. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told(1)误误Many new buildings been built since 1980. 正正Many new buildings have been built since 1980分析分析: 谓语部分结构不全谓语部分结构不全,

14、时态部分不完整。时态部分不完整。试分析：试分析：(2)误误Something bad has been happened to him. 正正Something bad has happened to him.分析分析: 被动语态误用。被动语态误用。happen为不及物动为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。词，不及物动词没有被动语态。(3)误误I have introduced to Mr Smith 正正I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang).分析分析: introduce为及物动词，为及物动词，I是是introduce的承受者。的承受者。(4)误误The door has been opened of itself. 正正The door has opened of itself分析分析: 有些动词如有些动词如open，break，drop等等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动