(完整版)初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案

1、被动语态一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1. across, through 穿过across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体叵gg理正常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge.他们步行走过了这座桥。through侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体也理型五常用于门、窗户、森林等。eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。2. ill , sick 生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed.，sick f"既可作表语 eg: Her

2、mother was sick in bed.、也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.若川作定语，译为 坏的，恶劣的”eg: an ill person 一个坏人sick作表语时也常译为恶心的，想吐的“eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.【固定搭配】动词+名词/代词/副词+介词make room for 给.腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.play a joke on 戏弄人； 对人恶作剧eg: We

3、can't play a joke on law.speak highly of 称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service .say good bye to 告另1J; 告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.take an active part in 积极参力口eg: They take an active part in school activities.take care of 照顾； 照料； 注意eg: Could you take care

4、 of my plants while I'm on vacation?【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：|主动语态才口被动语态 。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如： Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语 many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如： Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由|助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"

5、构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时： am/is/are + spoken一般过去时： was/were + spoken一般将来时：will /shall be + spoken现在进行时： am / is/ are being + spoken过去进行时： was/were being + spoken现在完成时： have / has been + spoken过去完成时： had been + spoken(三)被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new compute

6、rs were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的 宾语变为被动语态的 主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构

7、(be +过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him . f He was laughed at by all people .They make the bikes in the factory. f The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree . f A tree was cut down by him .(五)含有情态动词的被动

8、语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由 |情态动词+ be+过去分词1构成We can repair this watch in two days.fThis watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.f It should be done at once.(六)特殊情况1 .He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.f The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2 .Mother never le

9、ts me watch TV .fI am never let to watch TV by mother.3 .Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. (1) A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. (2) Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构：It is (was) agreed (believed/decided/hoped/thought ) that大家同意(相信、决定、希望、

10、认为)It is (was) well known that 众所周知It is (was) taken for granted that 被视为当然It must be remembered that 务必 t己住 It mustn ' t be forgotten that.千万另1J忘t己 It is (was) said( reported , heard, told, suggested) that据说(报道、听说、告知、建议 )二、典型例题()1. The Olympic Games every four years.A are heldB were heldC. are

11、holdingD. will ho1d()2. In the art show , a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings .A . is givingB is givenC will giveD has given( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It in. many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught()4. Ba

12、 Jin, one of the greatest writers in China,as "People's Writer".A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards()5. Usually computers to search the Internet.A. useB. are using C. are used D. used()6. -Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes. Our classroom every day.A. cleanB.

13、cleansC. is cleaned()7. Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一 Yes. In fact, it.That's all because of the people and the factories around .A . pollutedB was pollutedC has pollutedD . was po11ute()8. -Our environment is getting worse than before.-You're right. But thanks to Eart

14、h Day, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is startedB. was startedC. has started()9. -I feel very happy that I to be the host.-Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosenC. was chosenD. haven chosen( )10. Many trees and flowers in our school last year

15、, and they made our school a beautiful garden .A . plant B. plantedC. have planted D. were planted()11. Some famous paintings in the hall next week.A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown()12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .A. givenB. will

16、 be given C. has been given D. gives()13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right. Many modern tall buildings have been these days.A. turned up B. put upC. shown upD. fixed up()14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.A. allowB. be allow C. allowedD. be allowed()15. Do you often c

17、lean your classroom?Yes, our classroom every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、课后练习)1.一 Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.-I'm sorry t b u when to meet.A. don t tellB. didn ' t tellC. haven ' t toldD. wasn t told)2. Many old houses around our schoo

18、lnext year and a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down10)3. - My watch-Don' t worry. Let ' s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lostB. is brokenC. has foundD. has stopped)4. -Did you go to Sam ' s weekend party?-No, IA. am not in

19、vitedB. wasn t invitedC. haven ' t invitedD. didn t invite)5. - How oftenyour school sports meeting-Once a year.A. does; holdB. was; holdC. is; heldD. did; hold)6. On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty ( 明朝)at the price of 30.36 million HongKong dollars.A. sellB. soldC. is soldD. was sold(

20、)7. The "Thousand- hand Guanyin"by many people as the best performance at CCTV's SpringFestival Evening.A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regardedD. regards()8.- Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they in Hangzhou.A. paintedB. were paintingC. were painted

21、D. had painted()9. -Don' t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:“Rubbtshthe dustbin. ”-Sorry.A, has throwB, was throwC, must throw D , must be thrown()10. The 29th Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008 .A . will holdB will be heldC. hold()11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. singB

22、. to singC. singingD. sings()12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build()13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will bu

23、ild()14. The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takesD. took()15. -It ' s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built()16. -David, turn

24、off the TV no one is watching it.-But it off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that, has been turnedB. when, has turnedC. if, has been turnedD. because, has turned()17. Usually John to school in his father ' s beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is takenD. has been taken()18. Don

25、' t put off today ' s work for tomorrow. I mean, today ' s work today.A. may doB. must doC. may be done D. must be done()19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was built C. has builtD. is built()20. Don ' t discuss the proble

26、ms with your partner unless you to do so.A. askB. are askedC. will askD. will be asked一般现在时1A。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故 排除了 B、C、D。2答案B。解析本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A。解析选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位

27、伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选Co6.答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。一般过去时1答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案B。解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选B。3. We into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did

28、 many things to cheer them up. 太原市A. dividedB. are dividedC. were divided3答案C。解析本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"We did many things.”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C 5D一般将来过去1答案D。解析本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week,是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以 D项正确。2B答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+

29、be+过去分词。答案为Co句中有every day,主语为our classroom,故要用一般现在时的被动语态。1 .答案D解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I和tell之间是被动关系。2 .答案B解析：由题干时间 next year科知识将来时态，句子主语是 01d houses，应用被动语态。故选Bo3 .答案A解析：由Let ' s go the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选4 .答案B解析：由Did you go to Sam ' s weekend party陈述过去的动作的发生，I和invite之间存

30、在着被动关系。故选 B °5 .答案C解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示 多长时间次 “。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every fiveminutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选Co6 .答案D解析：由On May 30th,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。7 .答案A解析：依据题意：千手观音”被许多人认为是

31、中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The"Thousand- hand Guanyin",要用被动语态。故选 A。8 .答案C解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors ,主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选 C.O9 .答案D解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。10 .答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由 in 2008可知是将来时，运动会应该是被举行“，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+过去

32、分词。11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中 heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而 在被动语态中动，不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息 was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。12选Ao考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息 in the next term可知要用一般将来时，先排除 B、C 二项；另结合题意 据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选A。13选A14选Bo由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除 A、C二项；另根据题意 那个生病的 男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍D选Bo15选D16选

33、Co考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意如果没有人看电视就关掉它 ”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息 “The music is from the radio.可知”“（电视）已经关掉了 “，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为 Co17选C18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍 C选D。19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D二项；另结合题意 它（古老的宫殿）在近 800年前被建造的"可舍A选Bo20选B二、典型例

34、题( )1. The Olympic Games every four years.A are heldB were heldC. are holdingD. will ho1d( )2. In the art show , a lot of enjoyment to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings .A . is givingB is givenC will giveD has given( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It in. many schools aro

35、und the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught()4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China,as "People's Writer".A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards()5. Usually computers to search the Internet.A. useB. are using C. are used D. used()6. -Do yo

36、u often clean your classroom?-Yes. Our classroom every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleaned()7. Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一 Yes. In fact, it.That's all because of the people and the factories around .A . pollutedB was pollutedC has pollutedD . was po11ute()8. -Our environm

37、ent is getting worse than before.-You're right. But thanks to Earth Day protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is startedB. was started()9. -I feel very happy that I to be the host.A. choose B. am chosenC. was chosen( )10. Many trees and flowerspeople have done more and more useful things toC.

38、has started-Congratulations!D. haven chosenin our school last year , and they made our school a beautiful garden .A . plant B. plantedC. have planted D. were planted()11. Some famous paintings in the hall next week.A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown()12. A talk on developments in s

39、cience and technology in the school hall next week .A. givenB. will be given C. has been given D. gives()13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right. Many modern tall buildings have been these days.A. turned up B. put upC. shown upD. fixed up()14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in Ch

40、ina.A. allowB. be allow C. allowedD. be allowed()15. Do you often clean your classroom?Yes, our classroom every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、课后练习()1.- Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.C. haven ' t toldD. wasn t told-I mryo but I when to meet.A. don &

41、#39; t tell B. didn ' t tell()2. Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled down()3.- My watch.-Don' t worry. Let ' s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lostB. is broken()4. -Did you go to Sam ' s weekend party?-No, I.A.

42、 am not invitedB. wasn ' t invitedC. will pull down D. are pulled downC. has foundD. has stoppedC. haven ' t invited D. didn ' t invite()5.- How often your school sports meeting?-Once a year.A. does; holdB. was; holdC. is; heldD. did; hold()6. On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty

43、( 明朝)at the price of 30.36 million HongKong dollars.A. sellB. soldC. is soldD. was sold()7. The "Thousand- hand Guanyin"by many people as the best performance at CCTV's SpringFestival Evening.A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regardedD. regards()8.- Those eggs of different co

44、lors are very beautiful. Yes, they in Hangzhou.A. paintedB. were paintingC. were paintedD. had painted()9. -Don' t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:“Rubbtshthe dustbin. ”-Sorry.A, has throwB, was throwC, must throw D , must be thrown()10. The 29th Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008 .A . w

45、ill holdB will be heldC. hold()11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings()12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build()13. It is reported that more new teaching bui

46、ldings in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build()14. The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takesD. took()15. -It ' s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge over the rive

47、r.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built()16. -David, turn off the TV no one is watching it.-But it off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that, has been turnedB. when, has turnedC. if, has been turnedD. because, has turned()17. Usually John to school in his fath

48、er ' s beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is takenD. has been taken()18. Don' t put off today ' s work for tomorrow. I mean, today ' s work today.A. may doB. must doC. may be done D. must be done()19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it nearly 800 years ago.

49、A. was building B. was built C. has builtD. is built()20. Don ' t discuss the problems with your partner unless you to do so.A. askB. are askedC. will askD. will be asked典型例题一般现在时1A。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析本题考查被动语态，句中 a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过

50、中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动 语态。4答案A。解析选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选 Co6.答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动 语态。一般过去时1答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案B。解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，"血球日”的开土台，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选B。3. We into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. 太原市A. dividedB. are dividedC. were divided3答案C。解析本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句