第七部分构成句式的基本单元

1、第七部分 构成句式的基本单元-词汇下面的内容虽然与帖子的名称不太相符，但是作为构成句式的基本单元-词汇，也是不容忽视的啊。学习过程中收集、整理了不少令我疑惑的词汇（词组），曾经在OE网站张贴，现把精华部分粘贴于此，希望大家对我的理解提出批评和指正。一、“闪光”之说：1、shine: 照耀，指光稳定发射；2、glitter: 闪光，指光不稳定发射；3、glare: 耀眼，表示光的强度最大；4、sparkle:闪烁，指发射微细的光度。二、打破”之说：1、break: 一般用语，经打击或施加压力而破碎；2、crack:出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片；3、crush: 指从外面用力向内或从上向下压而致碎

2、；4、demolish: 破坏，铲平或削平（如土壤，建筑物，城堡等）；5、destroy: 在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原；6、shatter:突然使一个物体粉碎；7、smash: 指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。三、有关“死”之说：1、去世，与世长辞：to pass away;2、寿终： to close (end) one's day;3、咽气，断气： to breathe one's last;4、归西： to go west;5、了解尘缘： to pay the debt of nature;6、命归黄泉： to depart to the

3、world of shadows;7、见阎王： to give up the gost;8、翘辫子： to kick the bucket;9、蹬腿： to kick up one's heels;10、不吃饭： to lay down one's knife and fork.四、有关"怀孕"（pregnant）之说：1、she is having baby;2、she is expecting;3、she is in a family way;4、she is in a deliacate condition;5、she is in an interes

4、ting condition;6、she is knitting little booties.五、"broken"涵义种种：1、a broken man: 一个绝望的人；2、a broken soldier: 一个残废的军人；3、broken money: 零花钱；4、a broken promise: 背弃的诺言；5、broken English: 蹩脚的英语；6、a broken spirit: 消沉的意志；7、a broken heart: 破碎的心。八、准确理解“kill”（后面附词义）:1、he killed the man.杀；2、he killed the

5、dog,宰；3、he killed time down at the park,消磨；4、he killed his chance of success,断送；5、he killed the motion when it came from the committee,否决；6、he killed himself by overwork,致死；7、he killed the spirit of the group,抹杀；8、he killed three bottles of whiskey in a week,喝光；9、kill the peace,扼杀；10、kill the friend

6、ship,终止；11、kill a marriage,解除。九、“声誉”种种：1、fame:褒义，指关于一个人的人格、行为、才能等方面的优点；2、reputation和repute差不多，可褒义可贬义，指对人或物的评价、看法，词义较窄；3、distinction，褒义，指因职衔、地位或人格所造成的，通常包含“优越于人，与众不同”；4、renown，褒义，指显赫的声誉或应该得到的荣誉；5、notoriety，贬义，与fame相对应。十、“空空如也”：1、hollow，表示“空洞的，虚的，不实的，下陷的，可以和tree, voice, sound, cheeks等连用；2、vacant，表示”没人

7、占用的，出缺的“，常和position, room, house, seat等连用；3、empty，表示”空的，一无所有的“，可以和house, room, cup, box, stomatch, head, words等连用.十一、你能理解”or“吗？1、连接两个对等的事物或人，可译为”或“，”或者“；2、前后为同一个事物时，应译为”即“，”或称“，”或作“The exact mechanism of Yutin, or vitamin P as is sometimes called, on the capillary wall is not understood.附译文：路丁，即有时所称

8、的维生素P，其对毛细血管壁的确切作用（机理）还不了解。3、连接两组数字，代表不同单位的同一数量时，一般译为”合“，”等于“；Normal temperature in man is 98.6F or 37C(遗憾的时表温度上标我不会)。4、从or中导致方面结果时，应译为”否则“；Hurry up, or you will be late.5、”or so “左右；"or more"以上；"or rather"甚至十二、general"涵义种种：1、全身麻醉 general anesthesia2、普查，集体检查 general check-up

9、3、一般健康情况 general health condition4、综合性医院 general hospital5、总路线 genegral line6、大纲 general outline7、弥漫性腹膜炎 general peritonitis8、普通医师 general practitioner9、总查（病）房 general purpose10、秘书长 general secretary十三、你能“定”下来吗？1、set a date: 决定日期2、set an example：树立榜样3、set fruit：结果子4、set a fire： 点火5、set a severed lim

10、b：断肢再接6、set sail：开航，起航7、set the camera lens：调整（相机）镜头8、set a pen to paper:：动笔，下笔9、set a new task：提出新任务10、set down all items：记下所有项目11、set oneself to learn from：决心向。学习十四、你知道这有多”重“？1、heavy applause：热烈的鼓掌2、heavy gait：沉重的步态3、heavy chemicals大量生产的化学药品4、heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海面5、heavy sleep：熟睡6、heavy smoker：烟瘾大的人7、

11、heavy current：强电流8、heavy eater：食量大的人9、heavy task：繁重的任务10、heavy food：油腻而难消化的食物11、heavy traffic:拥挤的交通12、heavy weather：恶劣的天气13、heavy road：泥泞的路14、heavy rain：大雨15、heavy clouds：厚云16、heavy crops：丰收17、heavy frost：浓霜18、heavy wine：烈酒19、heavy news：悲痛的消息20、heavy heart：忧愁的心21、heavy fire：猛烈的炮火22、heavy bread：没有发酵好

12、的面包23、heavy wire：粗线24、heavy load：重载25、heavy storm：暴风雨26、heavy reader:沉闷冗长的读物十五、“强度”怎么说？1、intensity:指强烈的程度，多用于磁、电、热、光、声、火、劳动等抽象或非（易于触摸到的）实体。例：colour intensity intensity of light2、strength:指坚强的程度，用于可触摸到的具体实物抗拒能力的大小。strength of cement(水泥标号) engine strengthWorking strength十六、你打牢“基础”了吗？1、base：指有形、具体的基础、基

13、地。base line 基线 base plate 底座cotton base 产棉区 data base 数据库paint base 底漆 raw material base 原料基地2、basic：基本的，碱性的basic Bessemer steel 底吹碱性转炉钢basic hole 基孔 basic industry 基础工业basic material 碱性材料3、basis：无形、抽象的基础、根据economic basis 经济基础hole basis 基孔制scientific basis 科学根据4、foundation：指大厦建筑物的地基，引申为“根据”foundatio

14、n bolt 地脚螺栓material foundation of society社会物质基础reinforced concrete foundation钢筋混凝土基础The rumour has no foundation这传闻毫无根据十七、你了解这些“组织”吗？1、construction：指“构造”（将零部件装配，组合在一起成为整体的方式）；“结构”（各组成部分的搭配和排列，建筑物上承担重力部分的构造）aircraft construction飞机构造welded construction焊接结构This machine is simple in construction这种机器构造简单

15、body construction车身（机身、弹体）构造capital construction基本建设physical construction机械构造prefabricated construction预制构造ships of similiar construction结构类似的船2、structure：“结构、组织”age structure年龄构成atomic structure原子结构steel stucture钢结构shell stucture薄层结构brick stucture砖建筑物geological stucture地质构造market stucture市场结构micros

16、copic stucture显微组织The human body is a wonderful stucture人体是个奇妙的构造物the stucture of a plant一种植物的构造十八、"charge"涵义知多少？1、费用：service charge服务费；2、责任：in charge of 负责；3、装料：furnace charge炉料；4、电荷：induced charge感应电荷；5、装药：shaped charge锥孔炸药十九、再解“develop”1、发展：Agriculture developmentSocial developmentIndus

17、trial developmentDevelopment in foreign affairs2、开发Water-power developmentOil-field developmentDevelopment of natural resourcesIntellectual development3、研制advanced development远景产品研制，样机试制under developmentengineering developmentoperatinal development产品改进性研制exploratory development探索性研制4、开拓ore developme

18、ntlateral development水平开拓5、展开（用于数学）series development级数展开development of function函数的展开6、显影chemical development化学显影over development显影过度time development定时显影二十、The shade meaning of "power":【数学】乘方、幂The sixth power of two is sixty-four.【力学】力：horse power功率：rated power额定功率【电学】电力：power network电源：po

19、wer switch功率：power export【化学】能：chemical power本领：catalytic power催化本领化合价：Aluminium has a conmbining power of three.【机械】动力：power shaft传动轴力：brake power【社会】力量：knowlege is power权力：politica power强国：superpower二十一、The shade meaning of "system":【机电】系统：electric light system电照明系统lubricating system润滑系统

20、电力网：system fault电力网故障装置：tierod-crank system连杆曲柄装置top charging system炉顶装料装置设备：loading system转载设备制：basic hole(shaft) system基孔（轴）制【数学】组：system of equations【力学】系：system of forces【化学】法：acid system酸法【社会】体系：industrial system制度：social system方法：a new system of teaching foreign languageThe shade meaning of &q

21、uot;work":工作：work experience工件：stamp work模锻工件工厂： NO.1 Motor Vehical Works工事：defence works著作：new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书功：mechanical work运转：The machine works well.加工：The wood works easily.起作用：The medicine works.造成：work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹The shade meaning of "sound":【声音】sound wave

22、【听起来】The plan sounds reasonable.【发音】sound every syllable!每个音节都要发音。The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前进，一路锤测水深。【完好的】sound metal优质金属【牢固的】sound casting 坚实的铸件The sahde meaning of "sound":【圆的】round plate【整的】a round ton【环形】a round trip往还一次【圆角】fillet and round内圆角和外圆角【弹】guided

23、 round (missile)导弹【围绕】The moon moves round the earth.【到处】show sb round【使圆】round the corners【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416二十二、废物"之说：1、litter：并不是真正意义上的废物，而是用后散置的“杂物”，相当于odds and ends，或索性说是残余物（leavings）Always pick up your litter after a picnic.2、waste：真正的废物，美国人常用trash,此字还有“残屑”

24、、或“垃圾”之意。垃圾篓美国人用trash can；英国用dustbin.美国人把南方的穷苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可见，此词又可作“无价值的人或物”解释。That book is mere trash.3、rubbish：范围广，真正的废物。也可表惊叹“Rubbish(胡说！)”英国人常说：That book is all rubbish.4、厨房残屑:kitchen refuse或refuse：此词做废物或无用之物讲，但一般指固体废物，不指可排泄的垃圾。5、到垃圾的地方：a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish;

25、 a rubbish dump.6、junk:垃圾、废物。原意是“破烂货”。His writing is all junk.7、废人、社会渣滓：human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hoboHe is now a "has-been"(他现成了废物)He outlived his usefulness.Commitment译法:二十三、动词commit在字典中涵义：1、 犯、行、作：commit a crime; commit a blun

26、der; commit murder; commit suicide2、 委托、付诸：commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托资金与保管委员会)；commit a bill(议会将议案交付委员审查)；commit thoughts to writing(将想法写出来)；commit something to memory(暗记某事)；3、 承担：If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brothers school expenses, and give $500 a

27、year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.4、 (束缚身体之意转为)牵累，陷入，献身：Do not commit yourself(勿自限累)；commit oneself to a promise;例析：1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.在过去十

28、年中，我们比历史上任何时期都力求更加热心地、更加献身地、更加成功地来达到这个目标(献身)。2、（李光耀对新加坡人的定义）A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it ismulti-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking-and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.一个新加坡人就是一个对现存的多元种族、容忍互助而又高瞻远瞩的社会，以献身精神来支持它，并装备为它付出生命的人

29、（献身的）。3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.我相信两党的总统候选人，都应绝对明确地表示，他们对于促成现在巴黎举行的商谈成功，具有基本的言语约束（言约）。4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commit

30、ment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.我们和平政策的第二条诫命，就是我们必须尽我们的义务，守住我们的诺言，竭尽所能，反抗侵略(诺言)。5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.越南可能是一种痛

31、苦的玩笑，也可能是在保卫自由中的一个大的牵累，它不会因为我们大叫讨厌而走开，也不会因为我们鸣金收兵而消失（牵累）6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.1968年会计年度新的投

32、资计有5070万美元，使得国际金融公司在其他会员国的私人企业总投资，39个国家共达27180万美元（投资）。7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments.日本人忠实地遵守了投降条件（条件）。其他：an all-around commitment（全面的约束）to give a precipitate commitment(给以轻率的二十八、保险种种：accident insurance意外保险accident death insurance意外死亡保险accounts receivable insurance应收帐款保险a

33、dditional insurance加保agricultural insurance农业保险air transport insurance空运保险air transportation cargo insurance空运货物保险aircraft hull insurance飞机机身保险aircraft passenger insurance飞机乘客保险all risks insurance综合保险annuity insurance年金保险automobile insurance汽车保险aviation insurance航空保险aviation liability insurance航空责任保

34、险aviation personal accident insurance航空人身意外保险bad debt insurance坏帐保险baggage insurance行李保险bailee's customers insurance受托人代客保险basic insurance基本保险blanket insurance总括保险block insurance船舶保险boiler explosion insurance锅炉爆炸保险bond insurance债券保险bonding insurance保证保险broker insurance保险掮客building insurance建筑物保险

35、burglary insurance盗窃保险business interruption insurance业务中断保险business liability insurance营业责任保险capital insurance资本保险cargo insurance货物保险cargo marine insurance海洋货运保险cargo transportation insurance货物运输保险carrier's liability insurance承运人责任保险cash messenger insurance现金运送保险casualty insurance不幸事故保险, 灾害保险cat

36、tle insurance家畜保险cede insurance分保child's insurance儿童保险civilliability insurance民事责任保险civil responsibility insurance责任保险collective insurance集体保险collective accident insurance集体灾害保险collision insurance碰撞保险commercial credit insurance商业信用保险commission insurance佣金保险compensation insurance职工赔偿保险comprehensi

37、ve insurance综合保险, 全程保险compulsory insurance强制保险concurrent insurance同时保险consequential damage insurance间接损害保险consequential loss insurance间接损失保险consignment export insurance寄售输出保险consignment sale export insurance寄销出口保险consignment stock insurance寄销货物保险continued insurance继续保险convertible insurance转换保险cost a

38、nd insurance成本加 保险价credit insurance信用保险credit life insurance信用人寿保险(借款人死亡时, 应将赔偿金付给放款人)crop insurance作物保险damage insurance损失保险death insurance死亡保险deferred insurance搁置保险deposit insurance存款保险disability insurance残废保险disbursements insurance船舶费用保险domestic insurance家计保险domestic animal transportation insuranc

39、e家畜运输保险double insurance双重保险duty insurance关税保险earthquake insurance地震保险economic policy insurance经济政策保险education insurance教育保险elevator liability insurance电梯责任保险employee's pension insurance职工退休养老保险employer's liability insurance雇主责任保险; 职工伤害保险employment insurance就业保险endowment insurance人寿定期保险, 养老保险

40、, 储蓄保险endowment life insurance人寿定期保险engineering insurance工程保险erection insurance机器安装保险excess insurance超额保险exchange risk insurance外汇风险保险exhibition insurance展览保险expected profit insurance预期利润保险explosion insurance爆炸保险export insurance出口保险, 输出保险extended terms insurance延期保险external investment principal insu

41、rance国外投资本金保险facultative insurance临时保险family income insurance家庭收入保险farm insurance农业保险fermentation insurance发酵保险fidelity insurance职工忠诚保险fire insurance火灾保险, 火险fiscal insurance租税保险fixed term insurance定期保险flood insurance洪水保险forced insurance强制保险foreign exchange fluctuation insurance外汇波动保险fraternal insura

42、nce互助救济保险freight insurance运费保险frost insurance霜害保险full value insurance全值保险general average disbursement insurance共同海损费用保险general export insurance普通输出保险government employee insurance公务人员保险group insurance团体保险group life insurance团体人身保险guarantee insurance保证保险, 盗窃意外保险hail insurance雹害保险harvest insurance收获保险h

43、azardous insurance危险物品保险health insurance健康保险hire purchase credit insurance租赁信用保险homeowner's insurance房主保险hospitalization insurance医疗保险hull insurance船舶保险, 运输工具保险hypothecation insurance抵押保险imaginary profit insurance预期利益保险immovable insurance不动产保险inconvertibility insurance国外投资本利不能兑换汇回保险increased val

44、ue insurance增值保险individual accident insurance个人伤害保险industrial insurance工业保险inland marine insurance内陆水运保险invalid insurance伤残保险jewellery insurance珠宝保险jobless insurance失业保险joint insurance合伙保险, 联合保险joint stock insurance合股保险业label insurance标签保险labour insurance劳动保险land transit insurance陆运保险leasehold inter

45、est insurance租赁权益保险liability insurance责任保险life insurance人寿保险lighter insurance驳运保险livestock transit insurance活牲畜运输保险long life insurance长寿保险luggage insurance行李保险machinery insurance机器保险machinery breakdown insurance机器损坏保险marine insurance海洋运输保险, 海上保险, 水险marine cargo insurance海运货物保险marine hull insurance船舶

46、保险maritime insurance海洋运输保险maternity insurance生育保险medical expense insurance医疗费保险mixed insurance混合保险more specific insurance最特定保险mortality insurance死亡保险mortgage insurance不动产抵押借款保险motor car insurance汽车保险motor cycle insurance摩托车保险motor vehicle passenger insurance汽车乘客保险movable insurance动产保险multiple-line i

47、nsurance多种类保险业务mutual insurance相互保险national insurance国民保险, 国家保险national health insurance国民健康保险no-fault insurance无过失保险non-concurrent insurance不同时保险non-life insurance损害保险obligatory insurance强制保险ocean marine cargo insurance海洋运输货物保险old age insurance老年保险open cover cargo insurance预约货物保险单open policy insura

48、nce预约保险ordinary life insurance普通终身寿险overlapping insurance重复保险overseas insurance海外保险overseas travel sickness insurance海外旅行疾病保险own insurance自己保险, 本身保险paid-up insurance保费已付足的人寿保险单parcel post insurance邮包保险partial insurance部份保险participating insurance由相互保险公司所出的分单保险, 其利润将来仍退给投保人passenger insurance旅客保险pensions insurance抚恤金保险perpetual insurance终身保险personal insurance人身保险petty insurance小额保险plate glass insurance玻璃保险pluvious insurance雨水保险, 雨淋保险postal insurance简易保险power interrupt