Section 7.17 保险事项Insurance教学课件

1、Section 7.17 保险事项InsuranceI. I. 要点概述要点概述Main PointsMain Points Scope of CoverageRisksLossesExpensesPerils of the seaExtraneous risksNatural calamityFortuitous accidentsGeneral extraneous risksSpecial extraneous risksTotal lossPartial LossActual total lossConstructive total loss General average Parti

2、cular averageSue and labor expensesSalvage charges Risks and Losses in Cargo Transport Human beings are subject to various unpredictable risks risk of death or disability due to natural or accidental causes, risk of loss of or damage to ones property, etc. Risk has the element of unpredictability, b

3、ut losses can be mitigated through insurance. There are many types of insurance products available for life and non-life property insurance, life insurance, liability insurance, bond insurance, to name just a few. Cargo insurance belongs to property insurance. Cargo insurance covers physical damage

4、to or loss of your goods whilst in transit by land, sea and air and offers considerable opportunities and cost advantages if managed properly. It brings the potential loss of or damage to goods into cost and the insurer, on the basis of a premium received, undertakes to indemnify the insured against

5、 loss from certain risks or perils to which the cargo insured may be exposed. Cargo insurance has become a must in international trade. Without it, international trade can not be guaranteed. Scope of CoverageRisksLossesExpensesPerils of the seaExtraneous risksNatural calamityFortuitous accidentsGene

6、ral extraneous risksSpecial extraneous risksTotal lossPartial LossActual total lossConstructive total loss General average Particular averageSue and labor expensesSalvage charges Risks and Losses in Cargo Transport In marine cargo transport insurance, risksrisks fall into:1. Perils of the Sea 海上风险 1

7、) Natural Calamity自然灾害 ( the perils under force majeure such as vile weather, thunder storm and lightening, earthquake, flood, etc.) 2) Fortuitous Accidents意外事故 ( risks such as ship stranding, striking upon the rocks, ship sinking, ship collision, fire, explosion, etc.)2. Extraneous Risks 外来风险 1) Ge

8、neral Extraneous Risks 一般外来风险 ( risks caused by theft, rain, leakage, shortage, dampness, heating, hooking, rusting, etc.) 2) Special Extraneous Risks 特殊外来风险 ( risks caused by on deck, war, strikes, failure of delivery and rejection, etc.) Risks in Marine Cargo TransportLosses in Marine Cargo Transp

9、ortThe losses and damages done to the goods can fall into : 1. Total Loss 全部损失全部损失 1) Actual Total Loss 实际全损实际全损 （the whole lot of the consignment has been lost or damaged or found valueless upon the arrival at the port of destination) 2) Constructive Total Loss 推定全损推定全损 ( the actual loss of the ins

10、ured goods is unavoidable, or the ship or the consignment has to be abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would exceed the value of the ship and the consignment in sound condition upon the arrival of the port of destination.)2. Partial Loss 部分损失部分损失 1) General Average (G.A.)共同海损共同海损 ( wh

11、en both the ship and the consignments on board are engaged and the captain, for the safety of the ship and the consignments, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses.) 2) Particular Average (P.A) 单独海损单独海损( a particular consignment is partially damaged) China State Ins

12、urance OrganizationChina State Insurance Organization In China, China Insurance Clauses(C.I.C.）issued by the Peoples Insurance of China(PICC) is mainly adopted for international cargo transportation insurance.Basic Risks CoverageAdditional Risks CoverageGeneral Additional RisksSpecial Additional Ris

13、ks Ocean Transport Insurance ClausesOcean Marine Cargo Clause modified on 1 January 1981 provides: Basic Risks Coverage基本险基本险FPA平安险WPA水渍险AR一切险Total LossPartial LossFPAPartial LossWPATotal LossPartial Loss All Risks = F.P.A. + W.A. + General Additional Risks Additional Risks Coverage for Ocean Transp

14、ort under C.I.C1) General Additional Risks2) Special Additional Risks附加险Additional Risks General Additional Risks 一般附加险Special Additional Risks 特殊附加险Fall into 8 types, such as war risks and strike risks.Fall into 11 types covered in All Risks Ocean Marine Cargo Clause modified on 1 January 1981 prov

15、ides: General additional risks cover losses caused by extraneous risks and can be classified into following types:1. Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery , T. P. N. D. 偷窃、提货不到险；偷窃、提货不到险；2. Rain Fresh Water Damage , F.W. R. D. 淡水雨淋险；淡水雨淋险；3. Risk of Shortage 短量险；短量险；4. Risk of Intermixture and Contaminat

16、ion 混杂、玷污险；混杂、玷污险；5. Risk of Leakage 渗漏险；渗漏险；6. Risk of Clash and Breakage 碰损、破碎险；碰损、破碎险；7. Risk of Ordour 串味险；串味险；8. Damage Caused by sweating and Heating 受潮受热险；受潮受热险；9. Hook Damage 钩损险；钩损险；10. Loss and Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing 包装破裂险；包装破裂险；11. Risk of Rust 锈损险锈损险.General Additional Risk

17、Special additional risks cover losses caused by special extraneous risks. Normally they are classified into following types:1. War Risks 战争险战争险;2. Strike risks 罢工险罢工险;3. Aflatoxin 黄曲霉素险黄曲霉素险;4. Failure to deliver 交货不到险交货不到险;5. On Deck 舱面险舱面险;6. Import Duty 进口关税险进口关税险;7. Rejection 拒收险拒收险;8. Fire Risk

18、 Extension Clause , F. R. E. C. for storage of cargo at destination HongKong , including Kowloon , or Macao 货物出口到香港（包括九龙）或澳门货物出口到香港（包括九龙）或澳门 存仓火险责任扩展条款（存仓火险责任扩展条款（ ）。）。Special Additional RisksRead & WriteI. Asking the exporter to cover insurance and its reply (1)I. Asking the exporter to cover i

19、nsurance and its reply (1)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,Re: Our Order No.101. Your S/C No.013 Re: Our Order No.101. Your S/C No.013 We wish to refer you to our Order No.101 for 500 cases of We wish to refer you to our Order No.101 for 500 cases of Electronic Toys, from which you will see that this order is El

20、ectronic Toys, from which you will see that this order is placed on a CFR basis.placed on a CFR basis.As we now desire to have the consignment insured at your end, we As we now desire to have the consignment insured at your end, we shall appreciate it very much if you will kindly arrange to shall ap

21、preciate it very much if you will kindly arrange to insure the goods on our behalf against All Risks at invoice value insure the goods on our behalf against All Risks at invoice value plus 10%, i.e. USD3 300.00. Upon receipt of your debit note or, plus 10%, i.e. USD3 300.00. Upon receipt of your deb

22、it note or, if you like, you may draw on us at sight for the amount required, if you like, you may draw on us at sight for the amount required, we will refund the premium to you at once. we will refund the premium to you at once. We sincerely hope that our request will meet with your approval We sin

23、cerely hope that our request will meet with your approval and await your early reply.and await your early reply.Yours faithfully,Yours faithfully,I. Asking the exporter to cover insurance and its reply (2)I. Asking the exporter to cover insurance and its reply (2)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,Re: Your Order N

24、o.101 for 500 Cases of Electronic ToysRe: Your Order No.101 for 500 Cases of Electronic ToysThis is to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated July 20, This is to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated July 20, requesting us to effect insurance on your behalf for the above requesting us to effect

25、 insurance on your behalf for the above order. order. We are pleased to inform you that we have covered the above We are pleased to inform you that we have covered the above shipment against All Risks for USD3 300.00 with the Peoples shipment against All Risks for USD3 300.00 with the Peoples Insura

26、nce Company of China. The Policy is being processed Insurance Company of China. The Policy is being processed accordingly and will be forwarded to you by DHL tomorrow together accordingly and will be forwarded to you by DHL tomorrow together with our debit note for the premium and expenses.with our

27、debit note for the premium and expenses.We are now making arrangements to ship your order by S. S. We are now making arrangements to ship your order by S. S. “Queen”, due to leave for Antwerp on or about July 28.“Queen”, due to leave for Antwerp on or about July 28.Yours faithfully,Yours faithfully,

28、II. Asking for excessive insurance and its reply (1)II. Asking for excessive insurance and its reply (1)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,We refer to our Order No.260 for 4 000 cases of Power Tools and We refer to our Order No.260 for 4 000 cases of Power Tools and are pleased to inform you that we have establish

29、ed with the Bank are pleased to inform you that we have established with the Bank of China, New York Branch the confirmed, irrevocable L/C No.231 of China, New York Branch the confirmed, irrevocable L/C No.231 in the amount of USD 12 000, valid up to May 30.in the amount of USD 12 000, valid up to M

30、ay 30.Please see to it that the above-mentioned goods are to be shipped Please see to it that the above-mentioned goods are to be shipped before May 15th and the insurance is covered for 130% of the before May 15th and the insurance is covered for 130% of the invoice value against All Risks. We unde

31、rstand that it is your invoice value against All Risks. We understand that it is your customary practice to insure shipments for 10% above the invoice customary practice to insure shipments for 10% above the invoice value. However, if we require a higher percentage, you may do value. However, if we

32、require a higher percentage, you may do accordingly but the extra premium shall be for our account.accordingly but the extra premium shall be for our account.Please arrange insurance according to our request and meanwhile Please arrange insurance according to our request and meanwhile we are expecti

33、ng your shipping advice.we are expecting your shipping advice.Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully, II. Asking for excessive insurance and its reply (2)II. Asking for excessive insurance and its reply (2)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,Re: Your Order No. 260 for 4 000 Cases of Power ToolsRe: Your Order No. 260 fo

34、r 4 000 Cases of Power ToolsWe have received your letter of May 2, asking us to insure the We have received your letter of May 2, asking us to insure the captioned goods for an amount of 130% above the invoice value.captioned goods for an amount of 130% above the invoice value.Although it is our usu

35、al practice to take out insurance for the Although it is our usual practice to take out insurance for the invoice value plus 10%, we are prepared to comply with your invoice value plus 10%, we are prepared to comply with your request for covering the goods for 130% of the invoice value, but request

36、for covering the goods for 130% of the invoice value, but the extra premium will be for your account. the extra premium will be for your account. We trust the above will be acceptable to you. We trust the above will be acceptable to you. Yours faithfully,Yours faithfully,III. Inquiring for insurance

37、 rate and its reply (1)III. Inquiring for insurance rate and its reply (1)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,We will be sending a consignment of terra cotta products under We will be sending a consignment of terra cotta products under the Order No.360 enclosed, valued at USD200 000 to CBS Trading the Order No.360

38、enclosed, valued at USD200 000 to CBS Trading Company in Genoa, Italy. The consignment is to be loaded on board Company in Genoa, Italy. The consignment is to be loaded on board S.S. “Peace” which will sail from Shanghai on November 10 and S.S. “Peace” which will sail from Shanghai on November 10 an

39、d is due to arrive at Genoa on December 6. is due to arrive at Genoa on December 6. We desire to have the shipment insured against All Risks and War We desire to have the shipment insured against All Risks and War Risk from our warehouse at the above address to the port of Genoa, Risk from our wareh

40、ouse at the above address to the port of Genoa, Italy, and would be grateful if you could quote us a rate Italy, and would be grateful if you could quote us a rate covering the above-mentioned risks.covering the above-mentioned risks. As the matter is urgent, we would appreciate a prompt reply. As t

41、he matter is urgent, we would appreciate a prompt reply. Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully, III. Inquiring for insurance rate and its reply (2)III. Inquiring for insurance rate and its reply (2)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,We have received your fax of November 3 and are pleased to note We have received your

42、 fax of November 3 and are pleased to note your readiness to insure with us a shipment of terra cotta your readiness to insure with us a shipment of terra cotta products from Shanghai to Genoa by ducts from Shanghai to Genoa by sea.We would advise that the rate now being charged by us for the

43、 We would advise that the rate now being charged by us for the proposed shipment against All Risks and War Risk is 1% subject to proposed shipment against All Risks and War Risk is 1% subject to our own Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and Ocean Marine War Risk our own Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and Ocean

44、 Marine War Risk Clauses, copies of which are enclosed herewith for your reference.Clauses, copies of which are enclosed herewith for your reference.If you find our rate acceptable, please let us know the details If you find our rate acceptable, please let us know the details of your shipment so tha

45、t we may issue our policy accordingly.of your shipment so that we may issue our policy accordingly.We are looking forward to your early reply.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully, IV. Asking about special insurance rate and its reply (1)IV. Asking about speci

46、al insurance rate and its reply (1)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,We write this letter to you in the hope of getting some We write this letter to you in the hope of getting some information about the special insurance rmation about the special insurance rate.Regularly we arrange consignments of garden

47、 tools to Hamburg by Regularly we arrange consignments of garden tools to Hamburg by both passenger and cargo liners of the International Shipping both passenger and cargo liners of the International Shipping Line. Please tell us whether you can cover All Risks for the Line. Please tell us whether y

48、ou can cover All Risks for the consignments and, if so, on what terms? Particularly, we wish to consignments and, if so, on what terms? Particularly, we wish to know whether you can issue a special rate for regular monthly know whether you can issue a special rate for regular monthly shipments.shipm

49、ents.Attached you will find details with regard to packing and values Attached you will find details with regard to packing and values for your information. for your information. We are awaiting your early reply.We are awaiting your early reply.Yours faithfully,Yours faithfully,IV. Asking about spec

50、ial insurance rate and its reply (2)IV. Asking about special insurance rate and its reply (2)Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,Re: InsuranceRe: InsuranceWe are pleased to receive your letter of June 25 in regard to insurance. We are pleased to receive your letter of June 25 in regard to insurance. In reply, we wo

51、uld like to inform you of the following.In reply, we would like to inform you of the following.1. All Risks: Generally we cover insurance WPA and War Risks in the 1. All Risks: Generally we cover insurance WPA and War Risks in the absence of definite instructions from our clients. If you desire to a

52、bsence of definite instructions from our clients. If you desire to cover All Risks, we can provide such coverage at a slightly higher cover All Risks, we can provide such coverage at a slightly higher premium.premium.2. Breakage: Breakage is a special risk, for which an extra premium will 2. Breakag

53、e: Breakage is a special risk, for which an extra premium will have to be charged. The present rate is about 5%. Claims are payable have to be charged. The present rate is about 5%. Claims are payable only for that part of the loss which is more than 5%.only for that part of the loss which is more t

54、han 5%.3. Value to be insured: We note that you wish to have your shipments 3. Value to be insured: We note that you wish to have your shipments insured for 10% above the invoice value, which is having our due insured for 10% above the invoice value, which is having our due attention.attention.We tr

55、ust the above information will serve your purpose and await your We trust the above information will serve your purpose and await your further news.further news.Yours faithfully,Yours faithfully,Writing GuidelinesWriting Guidelines Points for attention in handling letters related to insurance:(1)The

56、 insurance should be effected by the buyer if the contract is concluded on FOB or CFR basis. However, the seller should, immediately after the goods are completely loaded at port of shipment, notifying the buyer of the consignee of the contract number, name of the commodity, quantity, gross weight,

57、measurement, invoice value and number of B/L, name of the vessel, the date of shipment, etc. In case the goods are not insured in time, owing to the sellers failure to give shipping advice in time, any and all consequent losses should be borne by the seller. (2) For the goods sold on CIF basis, the

58、seller should cover the goods at his own expense, notify the buyer of insurance and transfer the insurance policy to the buyer so that the buyer is entitled to get the compensation in case damage occurs to the goods after shipment is made. It is a usual practice for the seller to effect insurance fo

59、r the amount of sellers CIF invoice value plus 10% against proposed risks, say, W.P.A. Any additional insurance required by the buyer shall be at his own expense. The seller may insure against War Risk at the buyers request and at his expense. In case the rate of relevant insurable premium shall be

60、raised between the time of concluding contract and that of shipment, this excess premium shall be on the buyers account. Writing GuidelinesWriting Guidelines (3) When writing a letter concerning insurance, the messages are usually structured in the following main parts: 1)Acknowledge receipt of the lett