美国大数据如何引领智能交通翻译稿

1、落基山研究所Rocky Mountain Institute大数据如何引领智能交通How big data drives intelligent transportation美国以其自由快捷地运输人和货物的能力（利用燃油）著称。但是这个“自由”却有些代价。交通运输是美国继住房之外的第二大花销。美国司机每年大约要花费8000美元，却只有4%的时间的开车。America has been built and shaped by its ability to move people and goods freely and quickly, fueled by oil. But this “free

2、dom” comes at a cost. Transportation is Americas number-two consumer cost after housing. American drivers pay $8,000 a year for an auto they drive only 4 percent of the time.根据落基山研究所的研究，更有效地利用车辆可以在满足甚至超出当前服务水平的情况下减少46%-84%的行驶。幸运的是，我们现在可以以一种前所未有的规模获取和共享详细的交通数据，让富有创造力的软件开发商来扩展和提升我们的出行选择。它将呈现新的交通模式体系。A

3、ccording toRMI research, using vehicles more productively can provide the same or better access to transportation services with4684 percent less driving. Fortunately, we can now access and share detailed transportation data on an unprecedented scale, allowing creative software app developers to expa

4、nd and enhance our mobility options. It all amounts to an emerging new transportation paradigm.我们来试想以下这些场景：Imagine, for example, this scenario:用早餐时，你的智能手机收到了一条消息，提醒你原来的上班路线可能由于天气原因会产生拥堵。你决定采用推荐的新路径以节省15分钟的车程。然后，你用了很少的钱，在单位附近的停车场里预定了车位，因为你收到了推送的半价停车的优惠券。While eating breakfast, you receive a notificat

5、ion on your smartphone alerting you to weather-induced traffic delays along your normal route to work. You decide to take the suggested alternative route that will save you 15 minutes. You then reserve parking in a nearby garage at a fraction of the cost because you received a half-price push notifi

6、cation coupon.在你上车的途中，你看到街边的路灯憋了一个。你用智能手机咔嚓拍了张照片，然后给市政府发送了一个修补订单，这样，你就可以参加每月的现金大抽奖。While walking to your car, you notice a street lamp with a burnt-out light bulb. You snap a photo with your smartphone and place a work order with the city, and in doing so, qualify yourself for a monthly cash prize d

7、rawing.在你开车途中，你的车提醒你在你的图中有两个可以顺路拉上的乘客，而且他们/她们有五星级评分，所以你同意接上他们/她们，顺便赚点外快。送到地方后，他们/她们的手机自动完成了转账付款。On your drive, your car alerts you to two potential rideshares along your current route who have five-star ratings, so you agree to pick them up and make a few bucks. When you drop the passengers off, the

8、ir mobile phones automatically complete the payment transaction.在停车场里，你仅通过手机，提取了你的优惠券，付了全天的停车费，并且手机自动的记录了停车的车位以便你随后寻找。In the parking garage, you redeem your coupon and pay the discounted daily rate, all on your smartphone, which then automatically logs the location of your parking spot so that it ca

9、n help you find it later.智能交通系统的三个标准（3Is）The 3 Is of Intelligent Transportation Systems越来越多的因素让这个畅想变得真实，而且美国越来越多的地区正向它大步迈进。让这些解决方案发挥出最大的潜力需要有设备支撑的、互联的、智能的交通系统。Many emerging factors are making this vision a reality, and many areas of the country have made strides toward it. Scaling these solutions to

10、 their full potential will require a transportation system that is instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent. 设备包括手机、感应器、车内硬件等设备，它们能持续的收集、交流和处理任何移动数据，从交通、天气状况到停车位、拼车信息等等。 Instrumentsinclude smartphones, sensors, and onboard vehicle hardware that enable continuous collection, communication, and p

11、rocessing of mobility dataanything from traffic and weather conditions to parking spots and rideshares. 这些数据随后可以从互联的数据网格广泛的获取。听着像互联网是吧？要想完美的工作和及时反馈，交通数据网格应有能力处理“大数据”-体量、流转速度、多样性都空前巨大的信息。 This data can then be made widely available on aninterconnecteddata grid. Sounds like the Internet, right? Except

12、 to be fully functional and responsive, the transportation data grid will have to be capable of handling “big data”information that is unprecedented in its volume, velocity, and variability. 只有被处理加工之后，并用于优化用户的移动性能，这些数据才变得有意义。这就是智能。尤其是，面向用户的应用软件可以将海量的不可感知的数字转化为可识别、理解的图形接口。 All that data racing across

13、 that grid is useless until it is processed and used to optimize user mobility. Thats where theintelligencecomes in. In particular, user-facing software applications can transform what would otherwise be an overwhelming and nonsensical sea of numbers into an intelligible and accessible graphical int

14、erface.Getting Intelligent Transportation into Gear软件开发商和市政当局怎样将智能交通系统的元素传递给终端用户？他们已经做了什么？What can software developers and municipalities do to deliver the elements of this intelligent transportation system to end-users, and what are they doing already?智能交通的一个最大的推动因素就是开放式数据。大多数城市利用私有的数据库来管理它们的交通和公交数

15、据，只有市政官员可以获取，以监管系统性能和实施改进。试想：如果不是仅有几个官员来思考如何改进他们孤立的系统，而是数以百万计的软件开放商想要在数据市场占有一席之地，从想建立权势集团的谷歌和IBM等，到智能手机软件商店的个体程序员，都在制造着创新点。这样，不仅城市能有更多的人进行创新了，而且合作性的创新具有感染性，个体的成功可以很快的重复并传播到多个城市。One of the biggest enablers of intelligent transportation is an open-data approach. Most cities manage their traffic and tr

16、ansit data on private databases, accessed exclusively by municipal staff to monitor system performance and implement improvements. Imagine: instead of a few municipal staff thinking about how to improve their isolated systems, millions of software developers look to gain lucrative market share in th

17、e information spacefrom established powerhouses such as Google and IBM to individual programmers on smartphone app storesall contributing their own innovations. Not only would cities tap into a much larger pool of creativity, the collective innovation would be infectious, and individual successes co

18、uld be quickly replicated and spread to multiple cities.很多地方已经做到了：旧金山湾区快速公交（BART）每月4百万出行中有4%是利用Embark完成的，Embark是一款由三个大学生研发的苹果手机软件，用于多交通模式的出行行程规划，发明以后迅速全国闻名。ParkMe是另一款智能手机软件，它专长于利用预测算法引导司机找到最佳的停车地点，并且整个商业链立足于提供停车数据。尽管对用户免费，但是有开发商极乐于为ParkMe的数据付款，因为他们可以将其转化为他们自己的收入流，从找车位的司机那里获取停车费。Many already have: 4

19、percent of the 400,000 monthly trips on Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) are planned usingEmbark, a multi-modal trip planning iPhone app started by three college students, that has since spread nationwide.ParkMe, another smartphone app that specializes in predictive algorithms to direct drivers to the

20、best available parking locations, has built an entire business case around providing parking data. While this app is free to customers, developers are willing and eager to pay for ParkMes data because they can transform it into their own revenue stream from drivers in search of parking.很多城市准备为基础设计投资数百万，例如拓宽道路和修建更多的停车场。其他城市的由于资金预算限制，没有数百万的经费。不管哪种情况，这些城市都不愿意在标准化和提供交通数据方面进行较大投资。正好可以利用有解决问题能力的、自我激励的软件开发商军团，他们有助于最大化利用现有的道路和停车场。也能帮助规划者做出有效决策，判断是否应该、或者在哪里、如何修建新的基础设施，同时为其他人扩展了交通选择，提高了移动能力。Many cities are prepared to spend millions on infrastructure upgrades such as