主谓一致 (6)

1、 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即大致可归纳为三个原则，即、和和原则。原则。1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、

2、复数形式上保持一致。复数形式上保持一致。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 由由what引导的主语从句引导的主语从句，后面的谓，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或数或what从句

3、从句是一个带有复数意义的并列是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books.What I say and do is helpful to you. 2. 由连接词由连接词and或或both and连接起来的连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.1) 若若and

4、所连接的两个词是指同一个人所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应或物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。用单数形式。The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 2) 由由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every修饰时。修饰时。Every student and every teacher was in the room. 3) more than a (an)/one ，

5、 many a (an) 修饰修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 More than one student likes it.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。形式。Mr. Green, t

6、ogether with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4. either, neither, each, every或或no +单数名单数名词和由词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。代词，都作单数看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.1)

7、在口语中当在口语中当either或或neither后后跟有跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）复数名词（或代词）”作主语作主语时，其谓语动词时，其谓语动词也可用也可用复数。复数。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 2) 若若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.5. 在定语从句时在定语从句时，关系代

8、词关系代词that, who, which等作主语时等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, commit

9、tee, population, audience等。等。Class Four is on the third floor.Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用等名词一般都用作复数。作复数。The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词名词”构成的短语以及由构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数分数或百分

10、数+名词名词”构成的短语作主语，构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls.注意：注意：a number of“许多许多”，作定语修饰复，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量的数量”，主语是，主语是number，谓语用单数。，谓语用单数。

11、8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。主语一致。Here comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts. 二、逻辑意义一致原则二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）单数）。1. what, who, which, any, m

12、ore, all等代词可等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well.All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示表示“时间、重量、长度、价值时间、重量、长度、价值”等的等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是是一个整体一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten yua

13、n is not much.4. 表数量的短语表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数单数形式。形式。3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数单数形式。形式。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.One and a half apples is left on the table.5. 算式算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作中表示数目（字）的主语通

14、常作单数单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 19

15、90.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans 等词等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。单数。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠词定冠词the + 形容词或分词形容词或分词”，表示某，表示某一类人时，动词用数。一类人时，动词用数。 The poor

16、 work harder than the rich.9. aircraft, deer, fish, means, species, series, works, sheep 作主语时根据意义决定作主语时根据意义决定The sheep is big.The sheep are eating grass.10. population作主语时，谓语用单数，当涉作主语时，谓语用单数，当涉及人口组成时，用复数。及人口组成时，用复数。 China has a population of about 1.3 billion.About seventy percent of the population

17、in China are farmers.11. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数修饰可数或不可数名词名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。quantities一般用复数。一般用复数。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短语短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为意为 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。A large quantity of people is needed here.A large amo

18、unt of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.12. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不修饰不可数名词可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词, 其其短语作主语时短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。谓语动词通常用复数。三、就近一致原则三、就近一致原则 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词

19、的人称在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or, not only but also连接时，连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Are neither they nor he wholly right？2. there be句型句型的的be动词动词单复数取决

20、于其后单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，连接的两个主语，则应与则应与靠近靠近的那个主语保持一致。的那个主语保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。引导的句子用法同上。如：如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.主谓一致练习主谓一致练习1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A. was B. were C. has been D. have been2. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areAAC4. The number of people invited _