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1、高二情态动词专题(本部分主要讲几种情态动词的常见用法,特别是各种情态动词+完成时态的不同意义及注意点,让学生通过例句来总结知识点,适合自主学习性比较强的学员)1.情态动词定义:情态动词又称情态助动词,无 和 的变化,只能与 或 构成谓语;既有情态动词特殊,又有实义动词特征的称为半情态动词。2.情态动词的分类及特点情态动词的分类1) 只做情态动词:must, can(could), may(might) 2) 可做情态动词又可做实义动词: 3) 具有情态动词特征: 4) 情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定( 一肯, 一否, 三不定。)情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的 ,否定式

2、构成是在情态动词后面加 " "。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属 ,故没有 。 我们搬不动那箱子。 对不起,我帮不上你。 注意:助动词(如do, did等)与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:助动词本身 (表示人称和时态),而情态助动词则 ,能表示说话人对 的看法,或表示 : What have you been doing since your last job? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have

3、 read some account of the matter. (或许已经)NO.1 can&could1. 用法1) 表示能力,指有能力做某事,意为“能够”(1) (2) .2) 表示 。表示请求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更委婉;意为“可否、可以”。(1) (2) 3) 在肯定句中,表示理论性的可能性;译为“ ”。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时,不用can,需用could, may, might。(1) .(2) .(实际可能性)4) 用在否定、疑问或感叹句中,意为“可能”。(1) (2) ?5) 表示推测,用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态

4、度,意为“可能,能够”注意:1) could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于 ,不能用于 ,答语应用 (即: )。如:Could I use your dictionary?Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't       B. shouldn't      C. can't      D. may no

5、t2) can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有 ,而be able to则有更多的形式。如:但是,表示 ,通常不用could,而用 来表示。这时, 相当于 或 。如: 另外,表示“有能力克服困难做成某事”,还可用 或 。如:1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out.  A. had to  B. would   C. could    D.

6、was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch?    -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't    B. I can't  C. I needn't  D. I won't NO.2 may&might1. 用法1) 表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用 ,表示“禁止、阻止”之意,但也可以用 (最好别)或 (不可以),语气较为委婉。(1) (2) 2) 在表示请求、允许时,mi

7、ght比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在日常用语中,用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。(1) (2) 3) 表示可能性的推测,通常用在肯定句和否定句中,含有“ ”之意;用might代替may时,则语气显得更加不肯定。(1) (2) 4) may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿(1) (2) 愿他能持续住下去。(3) .愿她安息。5) 用于表让步的状语从句中(1) (2) 6) might常用于表示 。(1) (2) NO.2 must&have to1. must用法1) 用于 表示说话人有义务,有必要做某事;用于 表示命令或要求某人做某事。(

8、1) (2) 2) 回答带有must的问句时,否定回答常用 或 ,表示“不必”,而不用mustnt(1) 3) 表推断、预期或人以避免,意为“ ”。(1) (2) .4) 表示“偏要、硬要”:用于第二人称,意指 ;用于其它人称,表示 ,意为“ ”(1) .(2) 5) must的否定有如下3种形式,用于不同场合:1)表示“ ”时,否定意为“ ”;2) 表示“ ”时,否定意为“ ”;3) 表示“ ”时,否定意为“ ”。(1) (2) .6) 可作名词,表示“必须有的东西(做的事)”(1) .(2) .2.have to用法1)“必须,不得不”,意义与must相近。但must表示的是 ,而have

9、 to则往往强调 。(1) 2)must只有一种形式,即现在式与过去式都是一种形式,而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。(1) .(2) .3)两者的否定意义不同,mustnt表示“ ”,dont have to表示 。(1) .(2) .NO.3 shall&should1.shall用法 1)用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示 ,表示“商量斟酌”(1) (2) 2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的 (1) .(允诺)(2) .(警告)(3) . (命令)(4) . (威胁)3)在法律、条约、规章等文件中,无论主语人称如何, 一律用 ,表示 等。(1

10、) . (义务)(2) . (规定)(3) . (预言)2. should用法1)表示 ,同义词为“ought to”;表示义务,意指应该做,且有一种道义上的责任。(1) (2) 2)表示推测,用在肯定句中,对现在的情况或可能发生的事的 。意为“ ”(1) (2) .3)还可以用在if引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,相当于“ ”的意思。从句谓语用 构成,主句一定用虚拟语气(1) . (你万一见到汤姆,请让他给我打个电话)(2) . (万一我明天有时间,我就过来)4)用于疑问句或感叹句中,表示 ,意为“ ”;在疑问句中与 连用,表示不合理,难以相信或不应该之事;类

11、似结构还有“ ”(1) (2) 例题1) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _? A. does he   B. doesn't he   C. will he  D. isn't he2) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _? A. won't we       B. will we      C. don'

12、t we       D. shall weNO.4 will&would1. Will用法1) 用于表示 。will指现在,would指过去。(1) . (他是个自行其是的人。)2) 表示 等,用would比用will委婉、客气(2) 3) 表示习 ,意为“ ”多用于第三人称。will至现在,would指过去。(1) .(2) . (人们总会说闲话。)4) 表示 ,意为“ ”。will表示推测比 把握大,比 把握小。(1) (2) 5)表示 (指现在,有时可用现在时)。(1) .6)用于对一个令人厌烦的坏习惯或对无生命物体进

13、行批评(若仅陈述事实,不含厌烦情绪时,也可用现在时)。(1) .7)用在if条件句中:1)表示意志,意为“ ”;2) 表示有礼貌的请求或劝阻,意为“ ”;3) 表示对 。 (1) (2) .(3) .8)用于否定句中,意为“ ”,表示“ ”(1) (2) 2. would用法1)可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。比used to 正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义,常与 等连用。(1) (2) 例题1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, _ you?  A. do you B. will you    C. ca

14、n you  D. could you2) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I don't        B. I won't        C. I can't       D. I haven't注意:would与used to

15、辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能 ,所以我们不能说:“she would be a quiet girl.”另外,would强调 。而used to则着眼于 ,隐含 ,动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯,used to则不可。如:NO.5 need&dare1. Need用法1) 用于表示“需要,必要”之意。做情态动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有现在时,过去式要用needn't have,疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need not(即needn't)(1)You needn't have hurried.(=It wa

16、s not necessary for you to hurry,but you did).2) 做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同,后接带to的不定式(need doing = need to be done ),过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑问式用do、does、did提问,否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't(1)A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词, ne

17、ed understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)2. dare用法1)用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中(1) 2)用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中,dare后接带to的不定式;否定句中,dare后既可接带to的不定式,也可接不带to的不定式。(1) (2)He doesnt dare (to) go there alone.例题1) I don't know whether he _ try.A. dare  B. needs   C

18、. wants   D. is allowed2) -Shall I tell John about it?   - No, you _. I've told him already.A. needn't     B. wouldn't      C. mustn't      D. shouldn't3) It's a fine day. You _ tak

19、e a raincoat with you. A. can't        B. mustn't        C. needn't       D. may notNO.6 ought to1)表示“ ”之意(1) 2)表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别(1) . (断定他已到家)(2) . (不十分肯定)(3) . (比较直率)(4) . (比较含蓄)专题精讲1

20、. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”    A. shall             B. will C. would             D. can2. Yo

21、u _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.    A. cannot             B. shouldnt C. mustnt           D. neednt3. “Is John coming by train?” “He sh

22、ould, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”    A. must               B. can C. need               D. may4. “I heard they went skiing in the mo

23、untains last winter.” “It _ true because there was little snow there.”     A. may not be        B. wont be C. couldnt be      D. mustnt be5. You _ be right, but I dont think you are.    A. can   

24、   B. could       C. must       D. should专题过关1. If they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. sho

25、uld have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD. should send3. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I h

26、ad to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _ not be mine. It _ be his.A. Can, must, mayB. May, might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. - "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.” - “He _ it.”A. mustn't at

27、tend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B.

28、must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing10. You must be fifty, _?A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mayn't you11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _?A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you12. - That must be a mis

29、take.- No .it _ be.A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _ have told it to him.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't14. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say15. You

30、are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer.A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _ English every day.A. will be us

31、ed to speak B. will be used to speakingC. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _.A. should have B. may have C. must have D. shall have19. She _ get up at six every day when she was in college.A. would B. will C. might D. shoul

32、d20. Don't you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight?A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be goneNO.7 情态动词+have done1. must have done1) 表示 对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“ ”; (1) .2)其否定式为“ ”,意为“ ”,指“对过去行为有把握的否定。(2) .2. may/might have done1)表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“ ”;(1) .2)常用于虚拟语气中;(1) .3)“might have done”用于提出批

33、评,表示 等,还可表示“ ”,这时,句中常有将来时间状语,或句子描述的是将来某个时候会发生的事。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。(1) (2) .3. canhave done cannot have done1) could have done 用于对过去可能性的推断,意为“ ”,在肯定句中,指“ ”;用于疑问句或否定句,表示对 ;(1) . (对是否已将信发出无把握)2) could have done 意为“ ”,指“ ”常用于虚拟语气,表示 等;(2) .3) can have done 仅用于 句,表示从现在眼光看过去发生的事情,但“could + have done”既可表示从

34、的眼光看还可表示从 的某个时间点看之前发生的事情。(3) .4. might have done表示“ ”。另外,还可以表示“ ”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。(1) .(2) 5. should/ought to have done1) 用于肯定句时,表示 ;用于否定句时,则表示 ; (1) 2) 用于对过去的推断,说话人认为“ ”,说话人不能肯定,只是试探性地得出结论,语气婉转;(1) 3) 对已发生的事表示“惊奇、失望、愤怒”等情绪。(1) 6. neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意: 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”(1) .(2) .7. will/woul

35、d have done用于推测过去,意为“ ”,指“说话人确信某事已发生,但并不确知”,并用于 人称:1) 如果以现在为时间点,可以用“will have done”;2) 如果以过去为时间点,只能用“would have done”;3) will have done也用于推测将来某个时间前已经完成。(1) .8. had better have done用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻,意为“ ”,其否定式 表示相反的含义。(1) (2) 9. would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义,

36、两者都表示“后悔”之意。(1) .(2) .专题精讲1. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _ so once, but I dont now.”    A. may have thought        B. can have thoughtC. may think                D. might think2.

37、 Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other.    A. must copy               B. must have copied C. should copy             D. should ha

38、ve copied3. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 4. I cant find my purse anywhere. -You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would专题过关1. You di

39、dnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waited B. neednt haveC. didnt need toD. should wait2. Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could   B. might   C. should   D.

40、 must3. May I speak to your manager, Mr. Smith, at six oclock tonight?Im sorry, Mr. Smith _  to a conference before then.A. will have gone                 B. had gone     C. would have

41、gone      D. has gone4. Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must               B. may              C. can                D. should5.Was it

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