中考If引导的两种从句(宾语从句和条件状语从句)(3)

1、中考If引导的两种从句(宾语从句和条件状语从句)If引导的两种从句(宾语从句和条件状语从句)重点、难点1 .含有if引导的条件状语从句的更合句中主从句的时态。2 . If引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的区别。考情分析通常在单项选择、完形填空或补全、完成句子等题型中考杳。知能提升(一)知识讲解【认知讲解】I. if引导的宾语从句if引导宾语从句时，意思为：是否，从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致。【例句】I want to know if he lives there.我想知道他是否住在那儿。He asked me if I could help him.他问我是否能帮他。【考查点】if、whethe

2、r引导的宾语从句的区别1. if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词ask、see、say、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。【例句】Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow.没有人知道明天是否下雨。Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater.露西问他们是否有棉制的毛衣。2. if或whether引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。if或whether既不能和that或其他连词(副词)同时使用，也不能省略。

3、【例句】我不知道他今天是否会来。误I don/t know that if(whether) he will come here today.正I don/t know if(whether) he will come here today.他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。误He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat.U: He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat.if或whether引导宾语从句时，虽具有疑问的

4、意义，但其从句应用陈述句的语序。【例句】Did you know the way to the hospital? The old woman asked me.The old woman asked me if/ whether I knew the way to the hospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从 句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。【例句】I don't know if (whether) he has come here.我不知道他是否来过这儿。To

5、m asked if (whether) I had read the book.汤姆问我是否看过这本书。3. 只能用whether的情况在动词不定式之前只能用whether：【例句】I can/t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。在whether .or not的固定搭配中:【例句】I want to know whether its good news or not.我想知道它是不是好消息。在介词后，只能用whether：【例句】His father is worried about whether he loses his work.他的父亲担心他是否会

6、失去工作。用if会引起歧义时：【例句】Could you tell me if you know the answer?这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗？ ”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？ ”。如用whether则可避免歧义。【考题链接】I don't know they could pass the exam or not.A. why B. if C. that D. whether答案：D解题思路：本题考查if与whether的区别，在whether.or not的固定搭配中通常只用 whether。II. if引导的条件状语从句1 .含义条件状语从句是在复合

7、句中作条件状语的句子。表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生，条件状语从句常由从属连词if引导。【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。2 .类别主祈从现：主句是祈使句，从句是由/引导的使用一般现在时的句子。【例句】If you want to go, please tell me.如果你想去,请告诉我。Print the photo if you like it.如果你喜欢这照片就把它打印出来。主将从现：指if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。【例句】If it doesn'

8、t rain tomorrow, we'll go to the Great Wall.如果明天不下雨，我们就会去长城。If you don't get up early, you will be late for school.如果你不早点起床，你上学就会迟到。3 . if引导的条件状语从句用法：（1）位置if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时， 常用逗号与主句隔开。【例句】You will catch the bus if you get up early.=lf you get up early, you will catch th

9、e bus.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。（2）时态应遵循主、从句时态呼应的原则。当主句是一般现在时（包含祈使句和含情态动词can, may, must等的句子），从句也用一 般现在时。【例句】You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。If you want to go skating, wear warm clothes.如果你想去溜冰，穿上暖和的衣服。如果主句是一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时。【例句】You will be late for school if you get up late.如果你起晚了，你上学将迟到

10、。If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the Great Wall.如果明天下雨，我们就不去长城了。（3）在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能使用be going to结构， 而要用wilL【例句】Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空，我会帮助你学英语。（4）在if引导的条件状语从句中不能使用some,而要用any。【例句】If you have any questions to ask, please come to my office.如果你有

11、问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。（5）同义句转换if引导的条件状语从句可转换成简单句，其方法如下：*借助“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构。其中and表示句意顺承，or表示句意转折。【例句】If you work hard, you'll pass the exam.=Work hard, and you'll pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.=Hurry up, or you'll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到。*借助介词with或wit

12、hout来转换。【例句】If you help me, Til finish my job soon.=With your help, I'll finish my job soon.如果你帮我，我将很快完成我的工作。If there is no water fish may die.=Fish may die without water.如果没有水，鱼可能会死。另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，即一种虚拟的条件或假 设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。【例句】If I were you, I would invite him to

13、the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞，我会来得更早一些。4.口诀：if条件句不一般，几个要点记心问；条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。III. If引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区别if引导条件状语从句时意为“如果”，引导宾语从句时意为“是否”，可用whether替 换。【例句】1） We will go out if it is fine tomorrow.如

14、果明天天好,我们就出去。2） I don't know if the train has arrived.我不知道火车是否己经到达。句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。【考题链接】I don't know he will come tomorrow.he comes, 111 tell you.A. if; WhetherB. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If答案：D解题思路：第一个空处为宾语从句的引导词，用if、whether都可以；第二个

15、空为条件状语 从句的引导词，需用if,综合考虑，D项正确。（二）提分技巧1 .熟练掌握if引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的特点。2 .熟知if引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句引导词的区别。二、英语书面表达专项训练2 .假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。要点提示如 下:（1）几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞（dosquare dancing） o （2）从那时起,奶奶 喜欢上了广场舞。（3）现在，奶奶比以前健康了，有了很多朋友。（4）有些邻居有意 见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡。（5）你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但要求：（1）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。（2）要点齐全，行文连

16、贯，可适当发挥。Boys and girls,I'm very happy to speak here and I/d like to talk about my grandma.That's all. Thank you!【答案】Boys and girls,I'm very happy to speak here and I/d like to talk about my grandma.A few months ago, my grandma went to do square dancing after supper. Since then, she has b

17、een in love with square dancing. Now, she is much healthier than before. What'smore, she has a lot of friends. However, some neighbors have a complaint against the people who do square dancing.They think that the music is so loud that they can't fall asleep at night.In my opinion, people can

18、 do square dancing because it is a good way to keep healthy. But they should think about the feelings of others and they shouldn/t make a lot of noise.That's all. Thank you!【解析】这是一篇给材料作文，根据要点提示写一篇学校英语兴趣小组的活动中的发言稿。要注意 随着文章推进时态的变化，一开始应该选择一般过去时，而后面应该选用一般现在时，最 后表达自己观点的时候也应该使用一般现在时。人称为第一，三人称，注意主谓一致关

19、系，构思文章框架，列举出可能会用到的好词好句，记住千万不能漏写信息要点。参考词 汇就是必用词汇，一定要运用到文章当中。在写作中注意运用恰当的连词，使文章更加顺 畅，自然。3 .从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写 作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓 名。题目假如你是李华，本周六龙湖公园将举办端午节游园活动。你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter 和你一起参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你们见面的时间、地点，在那儿可以做 些什么以及他需要做什么准备。提示词语：meet, take part in, the dragon

20、 boat race, make Zongzi, camera.提示问题：When and where are you going to meet?What can you do there?What do you advise Peter to prepare?Dear Peter,How is it going?This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities in Longhu Park. Km writing to invite you to go there

21、 with me.I'm looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua题目“我们都在努力奔跑，我们都是追梦人。有梦想就有目标，有希冀才会奋斗。某英文网站正 在开展以We Are All Dreamers为主题的征文活动,假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投 稿。谈谈你的梦想是什么？你为什么会有这样的梦想？为了实现你的梦想，你打算怎么做？ 提示词语： want to be, like, study hard, come true.提示问题： What*s your dream and why? What will you do to ma

22、ke your dream come true?【答案】例文：Dear peter,How is it going?This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities inLonghu Park. I'm writing to invite you to go there with me. We are going to meet at the south gate of Longhu Park at 9 o'clock. We can watch th

23、e dragon boat race. It's very exciting. After that, we will learn how to make Zongzi. I think you will be interested in it. By the way, you can take a camera or your smart phone if you want to take some photos.I'm looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇给材料作文，给Peter写一封信，邀

24、请他参加端午节游园活动，告诉我们见面的 时间、地点以及要做的活动。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一、三人称，注意 主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如： This Saturday is There will be We are going to We can watch.等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头表示我邀请你参加端午节游园活动，接下来介绍我们见面 的时间和地点以及可以做的事,最后期望收到你的回复。此处invite

25、sb to do sth, learn to do sth, be interested in, by the way, look forward to等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。4.书面表达地球是我们的家园，我们作为地球的主人，就应该好好保护地球。现在正在倡导“低碳”生 活，只要我们不污染地球的环境，不浪费地球的能源，就能够让我们的周闱变得更绿，生 活变得更美好。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？谈谈你的想法。内容应该包括以下几 点：1.节约用水、用电；2.节约纸张，循环使用旧课本，保护森林：3.节约粮食，在更多的土 地上种树；4.不乱丢杂物，保护环境；要求：短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名

26、；80词左右 提示词：the greenhouse gases lifestyle 低碳生活方式 How does our earth turn better?The earth is our home.If everyone can make a contribution to our earth, the lift we are living will be better and better. 【答案】How does our earth turn better?The earth is our home. We should protect our earth as the owner

27、. But how to live in the greenhouse gases lifestyle?I think as a middle school student, we should save the resources around us, such as the water, the electricity and so on. When you wash, can you close down the water? Can you turn off the lights when you left the classroom? I think saving paper is

28、necessary. All the used text books should be recycled. Thus, less trees won't be cut down again. If we can save more food, the peasants will plant more trees on their farm. Don't throw litter everywhere, it will pollute our environment.If everyone can make a contribution to our earth, the li

29、ft we living will be better and better.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如howtodo, live in, around us, such as, as a middle school student, and so on, close down the water, turn off the lights, cut down, make a contribution to our earth, pollute our environment, better and better 等。而固定结构 But how to

30、live in the greenhouse gases lifestyle?和 I think as a middle school student, we should save the resources around us, such as the water; the electricity and so on. /Can you turn off the lights when you left the classroom? / If we can save more food, the peasants will plant more trees on their farm.等复

31、杂从句结构的运用,丰富了短文内容,使表 这多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适 当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理 后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要 尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得 到较高的分数。5.假设你是光明中学的学生李华，你正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做 文明市民”活动，请根据以下汉语提示写一篇英文发言稿。1 .上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校

32、门口打了一辆出租车；2 .下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；3 .到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；4 .幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校：5 .当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；6 .你应该.你打算/将要.参考词汇：感动be moved幸运的是fortunately要求：1 .词数：80-100：2 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数：3 .要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。Hello, everyone ! I am Li Hua from Guangming, Middle School.Last Wednesday, when I finished school, itwas【

33、答案】Hello, everyone! I am Li Hua from Guangming Middle School.Last Wednesday, when I finished school, it was raining hard (1) .Then I took a taxi at the school gate (2 ) .But I left my English book in the taxi (3) because I was in a hurry when L got out of it (4) .There was my name in my book .When I

34、 got home and found my book gone. I felt very worried and sad (6) Fotunately/Luckily, the next morning, the kind-hearted driver sent it to my school (7) .I was very happy and moved when I saw my book come back. I think I should learn from the driver (9) .And I am going to set up a lost and found web

35、site to help the people who need help (10).【解析】【详解】这是一篇材料作文，根据提示中的相关信息介绍一下你所正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创 建城市文明，争做文明市民”的这个活动。所提供的信息中列举了 1.上周三放学时，雨下 得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；2.下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你 的姓名；3.到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；4.幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学 校；5.当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；6.你应该.你打算/将要.；主要从这六个方 面去介绍。时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意发作文中必须包含提示上的所有信 息，

36、并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语 法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适 当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。【高分句型一】I left my English book in the taxi because I was in a hurry when I got out of it.我把英语书忘在出 租车上了，因为我下车时很匆忙。句子 I because I was in a hurry when I got out of it.是由 because 引导的原因状语从句。【高分句型二】

37、I was very happy and moved when I saw my book come back.当我看到我的书回来时,我非常 高兴和感动。句子when I saw my book come back.是由when弓|导的时间状语从句。6.书面表达我们在生活中总是面对着各种各样的压力，这会严重妨碍我们的学习和生活。某中学生英 文报正开辟专栏讨论中学生如何减压。假设你叫李华，请从以下几个方面，用英语写出你 的具体做法，向该栏目投稿。1 .与他人交流；2 .参加体育运动：3 .参加娱乐活动：4 .其它减压方式。参考词汇：stressed adj.有压力的注意：L词数80-120左右；

38、2 .文中不得出现真实人名及学校名；3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear editor,There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear editor,There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.As for me.when I feel stressed,! usually communicate with my friends,parents or teachers

39、.Sometimes I will do sports with my classmates,such as riding bikes,going swimming and so on.I go to the movies or listen to light music in my spare time,too.What's more, going on a trip in holiday is another way to make me relaxed. I believe the more relaxed we are, the happier we live .We will

40、 be healthy and learn better.Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】这是一篇要求介绍自己面对着各种各样的压力是如何做的。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围 绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发 挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在 时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语 意连贯。7.假如你是李明，将参加今年暑期的澳大利亚悉尼新南威尔士语言学校的游学活动 (studytour),该项目的负责人Mike给你发来了封电子邮件征询你对此次游学活动的想法和

41、建议。请阅读以下信息，并回复:一封电子邮件。Dear Li Ming,We're glad to know you're coming to our school for your study tour this summer holiday. Here arc two host families fbr you to choose to live in:The Green family an old couple, no children, two dogsa flat, in the centre of Sydney Wi-fi 35() poundsThe Black f

42、amily。a middle-aged couple, a junior school boy, a primary school girla house, a little for from Sydney a garden 230 pounds1. Which host family would you like to choose? Why? (2-3 points)2. We can offer you a buddy during your stay at our school. What do you expect him/her to do to help you? (1-2 po

43、ints)3. What would you like to do at weekends? Why? (1-2 points)注意事项：1 .文章所写内容必须包括邮件中的问题所涉及的所有信息。2 .文章要求语意通顺，条理清楚，书写规范，不能出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。3 .文章词数在100词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Sir/Madam,I'm glad to receive your email and I have read it carefully. I have decided to live inI'm really looking forwar

44、d to this study tour!Many thanks,Li Ming【答案】例文：DearSir/Madam,I'm glad to receive your email and I have read it carefully. I have decided to live in the Green family. The old couple have no children but two dogs, so they will have more time to communicate with me in English and I can play with th

45、eir pets as well. Their flat is in the centre of Sydney, so it's easy for me to go around. I can also use the Wi-fi to keep in touch with my parents. My family can afford the cost of 350 pounds.I'm lucky to have a buddy during my stay at your school. I expect him/her to help me with my probl

46、ems in my study. I can chat with him/her in English to improve my speaking skills.I love history so I want to visit some places of interest at the weekend. Km also curious about the local food and I want to have a taste.I'm really looking forward to this study tour!Many thanks, Li Ming【解析】【详解】这是

47、一篇应用作文，邮件内容要回答邮件中的三个问题，可分为三个段落进行回答。好单词：afford负担得起好短语：communicate with 和交流as well 也keep in touch with 与.保持联系expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人chat with 和.聊天place of interest 名胜占迹be curious about 对.感到好奇have a taste 尝一尝好句式：Their flat is in the centre of Sydney, so it's easy for

48、me to go around.他们的公寓在悉尼市中 心，所以对我来说，到处走走很容易。（It is adj. for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事 是，it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语）8.2018年11月15 口泰州市召开了深化全国文明城市创建迎检部署会，会上我市正式启动了“泰有礼”全民主题实践活动，形成崇德向善、文明令.礼的道德风尚和城市标识，同 时组织"泰有礼''志愿服务队伍，围绕“文明礼让”“文明交通“文明餐饮""文明上网”等文明实 践活动，承担起对市民口常行为进行劝导的贵任。假如你是其中的一名志愿者，请根据以 下提

49、示写一篇150字左右的英语短文。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。（以上背景内容 无需表达）内容提不:1 .在家尊敬父母，帮助他们做家务活；2 .出行时，排队候车，不随地吐痰、不乱扔垃圾：不在公共场所抽烟、喧哗（比如在图书 馆或博物馆）3 .诚实守信，不撒谎，不说脏话；4 .对人有礼貌，帮助别人；坐车时请让座给老人，残疾人，尤其抱小孩的妇女：5 .遵守交通规则，做到红灯停，绿灯行；6 .请你就此话题一点个人看法。要求：1 .条理消楚，字迹工整：可围绕主题适当发挥；2.文中不能出现考生的真实姓名、 校名、地名成其他真实信息；As a member of the city, I think wesh

50、ouldI'm sure our city will become more and more beautiful and cleaner as long as we all try our best to do something for it!【答案】As a member of the city, I think we should respect our parents at home, and help them with the housework. While we are travelling, we should pay attention to our own be

51、havior; such as waiting for a bus in line. We should never spit or litter everywhere. What's more, we can't smoke or talk aloud in public, such as in the library or the museum. During our daily lives, we ought to be honest, never tell lies or say bad words because it's rude to others. Al

52、so we should be polite and helpful to others. When we are on the bus, we can give our seats to the old and the disabled, especially the women with babies in their arms. And we should obey the traffic rules. Remember to stop when the traffic light is red and walk when the traffic light is green. Don't forget to protect our environment. Though we ar