中国文化习题及答案

1、中国文化练习题及答案Part1WisdomandBeliefsUnit1ConfucianThoughtonHeavenandHumanityHomework:(一)Questions:1) WhatisTheAnalectsmainlyabout?2) WhatisConfuciusviewonHeaven?3) WhatisConfuciusinnovativeideaaboutHeaven?4) Whatdoesthe“heavenlymission,referto?5) HowisConfucius'conceptofHeavenrelatedtothemodernecolog

2、icalcivilization?6) WhatisConfuciusinterpretationofren?7) AccordingtoConfucius,whatisthemostimportantpartofli?8) Whatqualitiesare“personsofvirtuesupposedtohave?9) WhydopeopleneedtostudymusicaccordingtoConfucius?(二)Translation1)天何百哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何百哉？2)生生之谓易。3)天地之大德日生。4)获罪于天，无所禄也。5)仁者，人也，亲亲为大。6）父母在，不远游，

3、游必有方7）父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。8）己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。9）己所不欲，勿施于人。10）子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。11）礼之用，和为贵。12）知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。（三）CarefulReading1、Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1）AllthefollowingarethetitlesofConfuciusEXCEPT.A.aneducatorB.abiologistC.ascholarD.aphilosopher2）Theex

4、pression“filialpiety"mostprobablymeansbeing.A.loyaltothestateB.obedienttosister（s）C.responsibleD.dutifultoparents3） WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeConfuciusviewontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature/Heaven?A.Brothers.B.Husbandandwife.C.Doctorandpatient.D.Motherandson.4） Throughburialandancestr

5、alworshiprituals,peoplecanlearnthat.A. natureislifelesssoitwillneverdieB. individual"slifecanbeeverlastingbyjoiningnatureC. theyshouldbegratefultotheirparentsforgivingthemlivesD. individual"slifespanisshort,sotheyshouldenjoylifeasmuchaspossible5） Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantpartof

6、Confuciuscurriculum?A.Music.B.CalligraphyC.VirtueD.Mathematics6） Zilu,RanYouandGongxiChi'saspirationsrepresent,whileZengDian'sreflects.A. personalambition;selfishnessB. loftyideals;meaninglesspursuitC. personalstruggle;generouscontributionD. individualcontributiontosociety;harmony(四)Communic

7、ation1) Godbless2) ThankGod3) PleaseGod4) ForGod'ssake5) Godforbid6) Manproposes,Goddisposes.7) Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Answers(一)Questions1. 1)TheAnalectsismainlyaboutConfuciuswordsandlifestory.2) ConfuciusregardedHeavenasnature.3) ConfuciusinnovativeideaaboutHeavenisthatHeaven(ornature)

8、istheprocessoflifecreation.4)TheheavenlymissionistoaccomplishHeavenspurposeofprotectingandimprovinglife.5) Confuciusadvocated“standinginaweoftheordinancesofHeavenandwarnedagainstoffendingHeaven.Thisis,inessence,equivalenttothemodernideaofstayinginharmonywithnature.SointhiswayConfuciusconceptofHeaven

9、issimilartothemodernecologicalcivilization.6) Confuciusinterpretedrenasloveofpeople,whichbeginswiththeloveforonesparents.7) AccordingtoConfucius,themostimportantpartofliistheburialandancestralworshiprituals.8) Personsofvirtuearesupposedtohavesoundcharacterandupliftedmindsantheycanshoulderimportantso

10、cialresponsibilitiesandmakecontributionstosociety.9) AccordingtoConfucius,studyingmusiccanliftonesspiritandhelponeappreciatebeauty.(二)Translation1) Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.2) Continuouscreationoflifeischange.3) Thegreatvirtueo

11、fHeavenandEarthiscreatinglife.4) HewhooffendsagainstHeavenhasnonetowhomhecanpray.5) Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveforohesparents.6) Childrenshouldnottravelfarwhiletheirparentsarealive.Iftheyhavenochoicebuttodoso,theymustretainsomerestraint.7) Childrenshouldthinkoftenoftheageoftheirparents.Theysho

12、uldfeelhappyforthehealthandlongevityoftheirparents.Theyshouldalsofeelconcernfortheagingoftheirparents.8) Whilefulfillingone'sowndesires,allowotherstofulfilltheirs.9) Donotdotowardothersanythingyouwouldnotwanttobedonetoyou.10) Achildshouldnotleavehisparentsbosomuntilheisthreeyearsold.11) Theroleo

13、fliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople.12) Simplyknowingthehigheststandardofvirtueisnotasgoodassettingitasone'sgoal.Settingitasone'sgoalisnotasgoodasenjoyingpracticingofit.（三）CarefulReadingBDDBCD（四）Communication1）上帝保佑用于向某人表示关爱2）谢夫谢地，感谢上帝3）但愿用于表示非常强烈的愿望4）看在上帝的份上，行行好把表小某事很重要5）但愿（某事）不会发生6）谋势在人，成事在大。

14、7）自助者天助也Unit2Laozi'sPhilosophyofNon-actionAssignment-fillintheblanks?1）Laozi'sthoughthasagreatinfluenceonthecharacteristics;trendsofthought;andaestheticsensibilitiesoftheChinesepeople.?2）Theexamplesofbirds,fish,cloudsandflowersareusedtoillustratethateverythingintheworldhasitsownwayofbeingand

15、development.3) Thedifferencebetweengreatingenuityandordinaryingenuityliesinthefactthatthelattercanbeachievedthroughhumaneffort,buttheformerssuperiortothelatter.4) Inordertobecomestrong,oneshouldstartwithone'sownweakpoints;insteadofoppressingtheweak.5) InLaozi'sopinion,fragilityisthesymbolofl

16、ife.6) Thehighestlevelofonescultivationistoreturntothestateofanewbornbaby,whoisfreeofanyknowledge,desire;impurityorfalsehood.7) Peoplefightanddeceiveoneanotheroutofdesire.8) Accordingtothelawsofnature,peopleshouldnotrobthepoorandoppresstheweak.Assignment-translation?1.顺应自然。?Followthewayofnature.?2.无

17、为而无不为。?Actthroughnon-action.?3.大巧若拙。?Greatingenuityappearstobestupidity.?4.以柔弱胜刚强。?Overcomethestrongbybeingweak.?5.不战而屈人之兵。Winawarwithoutfightingwater.?6.兼爱。?Loveforall.?7.上善若水。?Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.?8.人往高处走，水往低处流。?Humanstendtoseekhigherpositions.?9.无欲则刚。?Oneisinvinciblebecausehedesiresnothi

18、ngandcontendsfornothing.?10.返璞归真。?Returntothestateofanewbornbaby.Assignment-translation?1.Natureisconqueredbyobeyingher.?顺应自然方能征服自然。?2.Hethatfollowsnatureisneveroutofhisway.?按自然规律办事的人绝不会迷失方向。?3.Thedropofrainsmakesaholeinthestone,notbyviolence,butbythefrequencyoffalling.?滴水穿石，非蛮力所致，皆因坚持不懈。Unit3Sunzi&

19、#39;sArtofWar:SourceforAllBooksonWarAssignment-Answerquestions?1)WhyisSunzi'sArtofWarregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwar?Sunzi'sArtofWarisregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwarbecauseitexcelsovertheotherbooksintermsofstrategydesign,philosophicalgroundingandintacticalapplication.2)

20、 WhatdidSunzimeanbyatreachery?By“treacher/Sunzimeantthatdeceivingtheenemywithfalseimpressions.3) Whyis“Winningawarwithoutfightingit“advocatedbySunzi?“Winningawarwithoutfightingit"isadvodSitazibyecausehewantedtoavoidlarge-scalekillinganddestruction.4) AccordingtoSunzi'sdialecticalthinking.Wh

21、atshouldcommandersconsider?AccordingtothedialecticalthinkingofSunzi,commandersshouldconsidergainsandlossesfrombothpositiveandnegativesides.5) Supposeourtroopshavestrengthsimilartotheenemytroops,howcanwewinanabsoluteadvantageovertheenemy?Supposeourtroopshavethesimilarstrengthwiththeenemytroops,wecanw

22、inanabsoluteadvantageovertheenemybydispersingtheenemytroops.6)WhatdoesSunzisArtofWarbeginandendwith?Sunzi'sArtofWarbeginsandendswithwarningsagainstwar.7)WhatarethefirstthreecountriesthatpublishedthetranslationofSunzisArtofWar?ThefirstthreecountriesthatpublishedthetranslationofSunzi'sArtofWar

23、areJapan,RepublicofKoreaandFrance.Assignment-carefulreading?2)Theword“treachery“inSunzi'sArtofWarisclosestinmeaningto.?A.deception?B.betrayal?C.preaching?D.irritation?A?3)Thestrategyofthelowestlevelinawaristo.?A.usedifferentstrategies?B.frustratethediplomacyoftheenemy?C.attackthearmyoftheenemy?D

24、.attackthecityoftheenemy?D?4)FromSunzi'swarning,wecaninferthatsometimesawarcouldbedeclaredjustbecause.?A.onecountrywasunderattackfromanother?B.thekingoremperorjustwantedtoinvadeanothercountry?C.therulerwasirritatedforthetimebeing?D.thecommanderandgeneralhadabadtemper?CAssignment-translation?1)先计

25、而后战?Planningbeforegoingtowar.?2）知己知彼，百战不殆。?Onecanfightandwinahundredwarsifoneknowsbothoneselfandtheenemy.?3）兵以诈立。?Thearmysurvivesbytreachery.?4）利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。?Tempttheenemywithgains,attacktheenemywhentheyareindisorder,bepreparedfortheenemywhentheyareequalinstrength,avoidthe

26、enemywhentheyarestronger,aggravatetheenemywhentheyareangry,causetheenemytobecomearrogantwhentheyareprudent,tiretheenemywhentheyareatrest,sowdiscordamongtheenemywhentheyareunited.?5）攻其无备，出其不意。?Attacktheenemyatanunexpectedtimeandplace.?6）不战而屈人之兵。?Winningawarwithoutfightingit.?7）乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。?Chaosco

27、mpareswithorder,cowardicewithbravery,andweaknesswithstrength.?8）兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。?Theuseofforceisamatteroflifeordeathforthesoldiers,thepeopleandthecountry.Unit4ChineseCharacters:PoeticSymbolsAssignment:?1)WhichofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?A.Aspiration.B.Imag

28、ination.C.Creativity.D.Allusion.?2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthenameofFudanUniversity?A.Thecharactersbothstandfor“thesunrisingonthehorizon”.?B.ThenameistakenfromaChineseclassicalpoem.?C.Thenameencouragesthestudentstogetupearlyinthemorning.?D.Thecharactersareintendedtotellthestudentstomake

29、progressdaybyday.?3)Whichofthefollowinglanguagesmostlyconsistsoflanguagepictures?A)MandarinChinese.?B)HieroglyphsofancientEgypt.?C)Oracle-boneinscription.?D)Sealcharacters.?4)Thesymbolfor“swimming”isclosedto?A)oracle-boneinscription?B)mandarinChinese?C)sealcharacters?D)noneoftheabove?5)Thesymbolfora

30、athletics'containstheingredientsof?A)dancingandrunning?B)runningandswingingC) dancingandswingingD) triathlonandfootball1) A2)D3)B4)C5)A2) FindfromthepassagetheEnglishinterpretationsofthefollowingcharacterscontaining日asanelement.CharactersInterpretations1)旦Thesunrisingonthehorizon2)朝Themorningsun

31、risingandshiningovertheflowingriver3)暮Thesunsettingintoaforest4)明ThemoonshiningthroughthewindowUnit5TheGreatWallAssignment-TrueorFalse1) TheconstructionoftheGreatWalltookmorethan2000yearsandinvolved19states.2) ThedrivingforceforbuildingtheGreatWallistoprotectlivesandpeacefromwars.3) Inhistory,thenor

32、thernpeoplesweremostlyengagedinfarming.4) TheGreatWallprovidedaneffectiveshelterforthesoutherntroopsagainstthenortherncavalry.5) TheGreatWallprovidedaneffectiveshelterforthesoutherntroopsagainstthenortherncavalry.6) ThespiritoftheGreatWallisthatof“acommonwillandconcertedeffort'.7) Blockhouses,ga

33、rrisontowns,passesbuiltatstrategicpoints,andbeacontowersarementionedtoshowthemagnificenceandvarietyoftheGreatWall.8) WangjingTowerisoneofthebestplacestoappreciatethebeautyofBeijingCity.Answerquestions1) HowlongistheGreatWallatpresent?TheGreatWallisaslongas6700kilometers.2)InwhichrespectsistheGreatWa

34、llunparalleled?TheGreatWallisunparalleledinitsscaleandspanofconstruction,aswellasinthegreatquantitiesoflaborandthedegreeofdifficultyinvolved.3) WhatareSuYat-sensquotationsusedtodemonstrateinthepassage?SunYat-sensquotationsareusedinthetexttoillustratethegreatsignificanceoftheGreatWallinthedevelopment

35、ofChineseciviliztion.4) Whatdoes“TheGreatWallplayedaroleinaneweconomicstructufe?Aneweconomicstructurereferstotheenhancingofagriculturaleconomyinthesouthandthepastoraleconomyinthenorth,andtheexchangebetweenthetwo.5) WhatdoestheLegendofLadyMengjiangsymbolize?TheLegendofLadyMengjiangsymbolizesthesuffer

36、ingsofthepeopleduetotheconstructionoftheGreatWallandtheirhatredforthetyrannicalFirstEmperorofQin.fillinginthetableAreasLand/SoilClimateProductionLifeStyleTheNorthpastoralcoldProductsofanimalhusbandrymobileTheSoutharablewarmAgriculturalproductsstableAssignment-EnglishtoChinese1）众志成城Effortsjointedbyma

37、nycanbuildtheGreatWall.2）由今观之，倘无长城之杆卫，则中国亡于北狄，不待宋明而在楚汉时代矣。如是则中国民族必无汉唐之发展昌大而同化南北之种族也。Seenfromtoday,ifithadnotbeenfortheprotectionoftheGreatWall,ChinesecivilizationwouldhavebeeninterruptedbythenorthernpeoplesinthelateQinorearlyHandynasties,longbeforetheSongandMingdynasties.Inthatcase,therewouldnothave

38、beentheprosperityoftheHanandTangdynasties,ortheintegrationofsouthernandnorthernpeoples.3）把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城。BuildournewGreatWallwithourfleshandblood.Unit6AsilentArmyAssignment-Answerquestions?1）WhatisthesignificanceoftheTerracottaArmyoftheFirstEmperorofQin?ItisnotonlyagreatlegacyoftheFirstEmperorofQin&

39、#39;smilitarymight,asuperbparadigmofancientChinesesculpture.?2)Whichofthefourpitsisthelargest?Howlargeisit?PitNo.1isthelargest,withanareaofmorethan14000squaremeters.?3)WhatarethefourformationsinPitNo.2?ThefourformationinPitNo.2areoneofarchersintheeast,oneofwarchariotstoitsright,abiggerchariotformati

40、oninthemiddleandaformationofhorsemenandsaddledhorsestotheleft.?4)WhatwasPitNo.3probablyintendedas?PitNo.3wasprobablyintendedasheadquartersoftheleft,centralandrightdivisionsoftheentirearmy.?5)WhatisthesimilaritybetweenPitNo.3andPitNo.4?ThesimilaritybetweenPitNo.3andPitNo.4isthatbothofthemnottohavebee

41、ncompleted.?6)WhichaspectsoftheTerracottaArmyimpresspeopledeeply?Whatimpresspeopledeeplyaretheimpressivesizeofthearmyandthemasterfulcraftsmanshipofthesculptures.?7)WhatisParagraph11mainlyabout?Paragraph11ismainlyaboutthedetaileddescriptionofthesculptures,showinghowvividtheyareandhowmasterfulthecraft

42、smanshipofthesculpturesis.?8)Howmanyterracottahorsesarethereinthethreepits?Therearemorethan600terracottahorsesinthethreepits.AssignmentCarefulReading?1)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat?A.theTerracottaArmywasdugoutbyvillagersinXianyang?B.thearcheologistsdiscoveredtheTerracottaArmybychance?C.thewarriorsa

43、ndhorsesweremadeofpottery?D.theTerracottaArmywasdesignedbytheFirstEmperor?1)C?2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTfoundinPitNo.1?A.Soldiers.B.Commanders.C.Archers.D.Chariots.?2)C?3)TheformationofPitNo.1canbedividedintomainparts.?A)2B)3C)4D)5?3)B?4)OneofthedifferencesbetweenPitNo.2andPitNo.1isthat.?A.theformer

44、hasmoresoldiersthanthelatter?B.theformerhasmorewarchariotsthanthelatter?C.thesoldiersholdmoremodernweaponsinPitNo.2?D.thewarchariotwasdrawnbyhorsesintheformerratherthanbysoldiersasinthelatter.?4)B?5)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutPitNo.3?A.ItliestothewestofPitNo.1.?B.Itlookslikein凹shape.?C.Ithasth

45、eleastwarriorsamongthefourpits.D.Itwasnotfinishedprobably.5)C6) TheexamplesinParagraph12areusedtoillustrateA.howvividthewarriorsandhorsesare?B.howimpressivethesizeoftheTerracottaArmyis?C.whatkindofsuitspeopleworeatthattime?D.howattentivethesoldierswere?6)A?7)WhatisimpliedbutnotstatedinParagraph12?A.

46、Eachofthearcher'shairwastiedinaknot.?B.Thebowsandarrowswerepreservedunderground.?C.Thearcherswerewaitingfortheordertoshoot.?D.TheArcherwereinthehalf-squattingandhalf-kneelingposture.?7)C?8)Thesculptureofthehorsesaremadetoseem.?A.alertB.gentleC.fierceD.handsome?8)A1) battleformation2) thefrontech

47、elon3) commander4) armorAssignmenttranslateintoEnglish?1)军阵?2)前锋?3)指挥官?4)铠甲?5)?6)?7)?8?9?10)后卫5)rearguard战车6)chariot弓箭手7)archer骑兵8)horseman步兵9)footsoldier总指挥部10)headquartersUnit7PekingOpera:ArtistryofperformersExercisesI.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstateme

48、ntsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.1) PekingOperamaskshavebeenregardsasasymbolofChineseculturebymanycountries.2) ThebeautyofPekingOperaliesinthediversecolorsofPekingOperamasks.3) OnepurposeofPekingOperamasksistohelppeoplelearnaboutthecharactersoftheroles.4) TheexampleofZhangFeiistoshowhowv

49、ariedthedesignsofPekingOperamasksare.5) InappreciatingPekingOpera,theplotofthestorymaynotbethemostimportant.6) ThemostimportantaspectofPekingOperaperformanceliesinthesinging.7) Actingandfightinghelppropelthedevelopmentofthestory.8) EachPekingOperagivesprominenceonlytooneortwoactors.9) Thevirtualmove

50、mentsandvirtualsettingsinPekingOperaareefficientbecauseheactorsperformanceoffsetsthedrawback.10) ViewersofPekingOperagotothetheatermainlytowatchthefamousactors.11)TheoldPekingOperaarenotsopopularasthenewonesbecausetheviewerscannotfeeltheexcitement.12) WhenappreciatingPekingOpera,theaudiencecanseethr

51、eecharacters:theactorandthetworolesbeingperformed.13) MeiLanfang,ChenYanqiu,ShangXiaoyunandXunHuishengarethefourmostfamousPekingOperaperformersinChina.14) MeiLanfangplayedtheroleofapretendedmadwomanKingChuBidsFarewelltoHisConcubine.II.CarefulReading1.Readingthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswert

52、oeachofthefollowingquestions.1) WhyisChinesecuisinementionedinthefirstpart?A. ToshowthegreatinfluenceofChinesecultureontheworld.B. TodemonstratethepopularityofChinesefoodallovertheworld.C. TointroduceanotherimpressiveformofChineseculture,PekingOpera.D. ToindicatethatPekingOperaisasimpressiveasChines

53、efoodtoforeigners.2) Accordingtothearticle,whatmaskshouldtheactorofQinHuiwearinPekingOpera?A.Aredone.B.Ablackone.C.Awhiteone.D.Oneintheshapeofabutterfly.3) Theword“evocative'isclosestinmeaningto.A.convincingB.imaginativeC.stimulatingD.suggestive4) WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofPekingOpera

54、?A. TherealcharmofPekingOperaiscreatedbytheactors.B. Theactorsusuallystandatthecenterofthestage.C. TheremustbefamousariasinanyPekingOpera.D. Speakingisdesignedtoattracttheaudienceattention.5) Whichofthefollowingismentionedasinvolvedwithactingandfighting?A.Eyecontract.B.Kungfu.C.Aerobatics.D.Gymnasti

55、cs.6) WhatisimpliedbutnotstatedaboutthesettingofPekingOpera?A. Thesettingisallvirtualwithoutanyrealprops.B. Thesettingofthestageisverycomplex.C. Onepropcanservedifferentpurposes.D. Actorsareinchargeofchangingthestagesetting.7) Accordingtotheexamples,thebenefitsofvirtualmovementsandsettingsarethatA.

56、theysavethecostoftheperformanceB. theysavethelaborforceofchangingthestageC. actorshavemoreroomonthestagefortheirperformanceD. Theyhighlighttheactorsperformance8) WhatcanwelearnaboutPekingOperathroughthesaying“watchingaplayiswatchingfamousactors?A. Theviewersgotothetheatertoseetheactorsinsteadofthepl

57、ay.B. Thefamousactorsaregood-lookingandperformwell.C. TheactorsaregoodatallofthefourbasicaspectsofPekingOpera.D. Theperformancesoftheactorsareasimportantastheplayitself.9) WhichofthefollowingisthedistinctfeatureofwatchingaPekingOperaascomparedwithseeingafilm?A. ThePekingOperatheatergoerspaymoreattentiontotheroles.B. ThePekingOperatheatergoersapplaudfromtimetoti