2014八年级下英语现在完成时语法讲解

1、现在完成时（I）第八单元语法知识定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，这个影响和结果对 现在还必须存在.常与 already（已经）,yet（已经，还）,just（ 刚刚）,ever（曾经），never 等词连用.already :常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经）. yet :常用于否定句（表示：还、尚）,疑问句末尾（表示：已经）.现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变 化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137 页）1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间.eg:I have already los

2、t the key.我已经弄丢了钥匙.（我现在没有钥匙）He has ever read that book 他曾经看过这本书.（了解书的内容）They have justcleaned their hands.他们刚刚洗过手了 .（手是干净的）2. 否定句：主语+haven hasnt+过去分词+其他+时间.eg: I havenlost the key yet.He hasntever read that book .They haventjust cleaned their hands.3. 般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/ ha

3、s. 否定回答：No,主语+havent/hasnt.eg:Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Have they justcleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they havent.4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/hasn 主语+过去分词+其他+时间？eg: What have you already done? （done 是 do/does 的过去分词

4、）What has he ever done?What have they just done?定义：（2）现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状 态。常与 for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.fo 叶表示一段时间的词组；| since+ 过去某一时间点的词组或一般过去式的句子.eg: She has learned Englishor 5 years.（她已经学习五年英语了）解释：一直在学，持续了五年，并且还可能持续学下去.He has lived in Beijingsince he was born .（自从他出生以后就居住在北京）解释：从出生后就

5、一直住在北京，持续到现在，还有可能一直住下去）Have you stayed heresince 3 o clock? （自从 3 点后你就一直呆在这儿吗？）例题：选用 for 和 since 填空:1. We haven t seen each other a long time. 2. His father has been in the factory_10 years ago.3. The film has been on_ 20 minutes.4. Mr. Green has worked here_he came to China.5. His grandparents have

6、 been dead_several years. 6. It s five years we met last time.7have already had dinner.（否定）I_ dinner_ .& Mum has cooked the dinner.Mum_ _ the dinner.9.Susan has learned English at school. Susan_ English at school.10. I have already had dinner.（提问）_?11. He has just finished his homework._ ?12. Su

7、sa n has lear ned En glish at school._?13. Mum has cooked the dinner._ ?（3）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night, three weeks ago, in199 等.一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。一般过去时就可以和与表示 过去的时间状语连用.eg: I have already seen the film.(现在完成时，已经看了这部电影，并且知道电影的内 容)I saw the film last wee

8、k.(一般过去式，因为后面有表示过去的时间状语last week)He has lived here since 1993.(现在完成时，后面有 since 引导的时间状语从句) )He livedhere in 佃 93.(一般过去时，1993 年住在这儿，现在没住在这儿了)例题：1._ you_(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already.2. When_ you_ (do) it? We_ (do) it an hour ago.3._ he_ (see) this film yet? Yes. 4. When_he_ (see) it? He_

9、it last week.5. I_ (read) the novel twice. It s in6e Ms-tCilgen_ (give)up smoking last year.7. She_ (go) to Pairs, hasn Yslse? How_ she_ (go) there? She_ (go) there by air.现在完成时(II)第九单元语法知识1.构成：含有 be 动词的现在完成时的谓语部分由“ have/has+ been+ to+ 地点”构成，表示：曾经去过某地(been 是 be 的过去分词，不规则变化)2.基本句型：(1)肯定句：主语 +have/has

10、+ been + to+ 地点.eg:I have been to Australia.They have been to Beijing.He has been to South Africa.主语 +havent/hasnt+ been + to+地点. eg: I havenbeen to Australia.They havenbeen to Beijing.He hasntbeen to South Africa.(3) 般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ been + to+地点?(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +have/has+主语+ beeneg:Where have you

11、been?Where have they been?Where has he been?3.用法：用来表示之前已经发生和完成度的动作与状态，其结果却和现在有联系 动作和结果发生在过去，但它的影响现在还在.可以和 never, ever,once, twice, three/four times 等畐 U 词连用 .eg: They have been to Chongqing twice .I have never been to Sichuan.Has she ever been to Hainan?3.区别:(1). have/ has been to+地点表示： 曾经去过某地，已经回来了

12、(2). have/ has gone to+地点表示：去了某地，还没有回来eg: She has been to Shanghai.（她去过上海，已经回来了）She has gone to Shanghai.（她去了上海，还没有回来）（3）. have been in表示 “在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用eg: I have been in Shanghai for three years .我至 U 上海已有三年了。否定句:肯定回答:Yes,主语 + have/has.否定回答：主语 +haventhasnt.eg: Have you been toAustralia?Have

13、they been to Beijing?Has he been to South Africa?Yes, I have. No. I haven t.Yes, they have. No, they haven.tYes, he has.No, he hasnt.He has been in London for half a month .他来伦敦已有半个月了。(4). have been on表示“已经开始了多久 表示持续性”eg: The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已经开始了10 分钟了。例题：1 Where is your brother?

14、 He_the shop. He ll be back soon.2. _ you ever_ to AmericaYes, I_ New York twice 3. David_AustraliaI m sure has already arrived 4. Is Benny here? No, he_ the school library He left five minutes ago.4.Mike and his parents_ the south for half a year.6. Mum is not at home now. she_ the shop.7. You can

15、t find him. H_ Xi an.8. Mr. Zhang_this school for ten years. He knows everyone here.9. Miss. Brown_ China three times.10. I _ the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos of it .11. Tom_ Jim s home, but he hasn t come back.12. We_the bookshop and bought many books.13. My parents_ Shandong for ten y

16、ears.现在完成时（III）第十单元语法知识动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。1.延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历.eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live 延续性动词可以与 fol 禾口 kince引导的时间状语连用： eg: He has lived here for 6 years.（他在这儿住了六年了，一直住在这儿，live 是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去）I have known her sin

17、ce the n.（自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认识， know 是延续性动词）2.非延续性动词：也成终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后 立即结束.eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用，常用的时间状语有two yearsago, at 5 Kclock, yesterday, the day before yesterday, this mornin 等表示过去的时间 .eg: His grandmothe

18、r died 10 years ago.She finished the work at 6 oclock.2.非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换（常用）（1）.转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态eg: borrow 宀 keepbuy 宀 haveput onfwearget to knowfknow get to sleepfsleep catch a coldfhave a cold（2） 转化为“ be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”go outfbe outdiefbe deadget to/ arrive in （at） /reachfbe in+地点 finishfbe ove

19、rfall illfbeillfall asleepfbe asleep joinfbe in+活动 /组织go to schoolfbe in school becomefbemake friendsfbe friendsclosefbe closed go to bedfbe in bed come/ gofbe + 相应的介词短 语例：下面是句子的同义句转换将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时eg: 1. The old man died four years ago. （一般过去时）The old man has been dead for four years.（现在完成时，将 die 变

20、为 be dead）The old man has been dead| sinc four years ago（现在完成时，since 跟过去的时间点）2. I borrowed the book five days ago.3. He bought the bike three years ago.I have kept the book 固 five days.He has had the bike for three years.I have kept the book since five days ago.He has had the bikeago.year.She has been in schodl sinck two days ago. My sister has been a nurse kincd oneyear.例题：1.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.（同义句）Li Lei_ the Party _ three years.Li Lei_ the Party _ three years ago.2. My father left Guizhou last week.（同义句）My father_Guizhou _ a week.My fat