《关于词性》word版

1、.关于词性2020-04-16关于词性请解释一下介词谓语宾语状语定语要举例说明假设我看懂了才采纳介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介地煞符词宾语。并且在定语从句"介词+whom/which"的构造中,不能用that代替whom/which。She is agood student from whom we should learn.介词分为时间介词.地点位置方向介词.方式介词.原因介词和其他介词介词口诀：自从以当为

2、按照,由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。.谓语predicate verb是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出"做什么"、"是什负担么"或"怎么样".谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语助动词或情态动词+主要动词构成,根据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不管何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语都是简单谓语。谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来表达。例如：Ilikewalking.我喜欢走路。一般如今时主动语态I made your birt

3、hday cakelast night.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。一般过去时主动语态It is used by travellers and businesspeople all over the world.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它一般如今时被动语态可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语：What does this word mean?这个单词是什么意思?I won't do it again.我不会再做它指这件事。旧译"我没有再次赢得它."为"I didn't win it one more time

4、"。I'll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.我会同Lin Tao一起移开那袋米的。You'd better catch abus.你最好乘坐公交车。第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：You look the same.你们看起来一样.We are all here.我们都在这儿。The weather gets wamer,and the days get longer.天气变的暖了,日子变的长了.Keep quiet and listen to me.保持安静并听我说.He looked wo

5、rried.他看起来很忧愁.We have to be up early in the moming.我们必须在早上早起。Is Bill in?比尔在吗?*旧译"帐单在吗?"对应英文为"Is the bill here?""bill"为特指,前应加定冠词"the",且"bill"英为小写开头。School Is over.Let's go home.课上完了,我们回家吧。My pen is in my bag.我的钢笔在我的书包里。I*fell tried all the time.我整

6、天感到疲惫.He,上的应用软件"。编辑本段谓语的种类动词谓语以动词或动词为中心的词组作为谓语最常见。他约我去迪士尼。老鼠爱大米。形容词谓语在汉语中,形容词和动词在文法上表现很相似,很多语法学家都把它们归入谓词predicative一类。汉语中的形容词或其词组可以直接充当谓语,而无需另外添加系词copula,相当于生时间、地点。明天我回来。主语表示主谓谓语中的受事。这本书谓语之间的关系是主题和解释,这种松缓的关分为简单谓语和复合谓语.现分别举例如下例句中的谓语用大写体打出：一.简单谓语由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语,就是简单谓语.不管这些谓语动词是什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语.例

7、如：我们每年春天都种许多树.飞people.我们为人民学习。2,复合谓语：情态动词+不定式必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词带成分,一般在动词后边,用来答复"谁?"或"什么?"例如"我找厂长"的"厂长",",表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等.例杭州,我们游览了西湖美景.状语说白了就是修饰动作的词编辑本段德语状语德语了。Wenn es nicht regnet,komme ich.条件状语Sie konnte vor Schmerzen nicht schlafen.他编辑本段英语状语

8、英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语adverbial。状语When she was 12 years old,she量短语不管动量,物量也可以充当状语.此外,语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语".6状He visited alot of places while heI like playing football while youThe moment Iheard the news,I leave5.比较：so和such连用.所以thoughtalthoughyetstill的格式是正确的.Wrong：Although he is rich but he

9、is not happy.Right：Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐.Right：Although we have grown up,our parents treat us as children.Right：Although we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although,though辨析although不能though那样用作副词,放在句末表示强调时要用even though.1

10、。He is looking fit,though.但是,他看上去很安康.考点2。Even though Ididn't under aword,I kept smiling.尽管我一个字也不懂,我还是一直微笑着。3。He is quite experienced,he is young,though.尽管他很年轻,他很有经历。典型例题1_she is young,she knows quite alot.A.When B.However C.Although D.Unless答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多。2as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须表

11、语或状语提早形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提早。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was asmall child,he knew what was the right thing to do.a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。假设实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Though he tries

12、 hard,he never seems虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。c ever if,even though.即使We'll make atrip even though the weather is bad.d whetheror-不管都Whether you believe it or not,it is true.e"no matter+疑问词"或"疑问词+后缀ever"No matter what happened,he would not mind.Whatever happened,he would not mind.

13、交换：no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter when=whenever no matter where=wherever no matter which=whichever no matter how=however注意：no matter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。错No matter what you say is of no use now.对Whatever you say is of no use now.你如今说什么也没用了。Whatever you say是主语从句错Prisoners have to ea

14、t no matter what they're given,对Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。编辑本段比较状语从句要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级,比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级1.asas和。一样Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2.not soasas和不一样She is not soasoutgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级morethan更This book is more instructive than th

15、at one.这本书比那本书由教育意义。最高级1.The mostin/of This book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。2.the+形容词+estof/in This road is the busiest street in our city.这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。知识扩展no more than只不过嫌少的意思1。I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。2。It's no more than amile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。not more t

16、han不如。；前者不如后者1。Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如约翰勤奋。2。one of the+名词复数.之一用于最高级Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。编辑本段方式状语从句1方式状语从句通常由as,justasso,as if,as though引导。as,justasso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在justasso构造中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如","就像",多用于正式文体

17、,例如：1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。2。As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。3。Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如清扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2as if,as though两者的意义和用法一样,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事

18、实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛似的","好似似的",例如：1。They completely ignore these facts as ifas thoughthey never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。2。He looks as ifas thoughhe had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来

19、。实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。说明as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如：1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石,好似很愤怒。编辑本段状语从句在写作中的运用写作中能合理、正确地使用状语从句,不但能地道的表达英文习惯,

20、而且还能使文体构造更加严谨、美观。例如下文：My hobby The hobby Ienjoy most is fishing.I started fishing1when Iwas five years old.I'll never forget the day2when my father first took me fishing with him.On that day,I was holding afishing rod3when afish suddenly started pulling on the line.4I was so shocked that Ifell i

21、nto the water.But experience didn't put me off and Ihave been fishing ever since.Now Istill go fishing with my father.And we often go out on Sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.1是由when引导的时间状语从句,这列从句的使用频率很高。2句是由I'll never forget the day.及when my father first took me fishing w

22、ith him.两局组成。When在从句中做时间状语。3句也是由when引导的时间状语从句。When常与suddenly连用,主句常用过去进展是。译为"正在,突然".4是以sothat太.以致于引导的结果状语从句.语文状语定义：状语是名词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制、动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等.例句：括号内为状语他已经走了咱们北京见歌声把王老师带入深沉的回忆科学终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量战胜了神权说明：1.副词、形容词经常做状语.2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语.3.介词构造常做状语4.一般状语紧连

23、在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词构造作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如在杭州,我们游览了西湖美景.定义定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用'的'表示。编辑本段英语中的定语充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任。此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式短语、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。形容词作定语：The little boy needs ablue pen.little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen./小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。Tom is ahandsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩

24、。There is agood boy./有个乖男孩。数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。There are two boys of Tom's there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语：The boy in

25、 the classroom needs apen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语：The boy needs aball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is aball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语：The boy there needs apen.

26、/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs apen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。分词短语作定语：The smiling boy needs apen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her i

27、s made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修

28、饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时那么放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。1定语前置在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为：限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出如今名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材,指：限定词一般指数量；外观美丽等；形状大小,高矮,肥瘦；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用处。如：1限定词2外观3形状4年龄5颜色6国籍7材料8用处A famous American university.An interesting little red French oil painting.A new plastic bucket.A pur

29、ple velvet curtains An elegant German clock另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序：1描绘身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词例如：a small lovely girl,a long patient queue,a pale anxious patient；2表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后例如：a kindly black teacher,an inquisitive brown dog；3little,old和young有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前,例如：a lovely little gir

30、l 4表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young之前,也可放在old young之后,例如：a young ambitious man强调年龄,an ambitious young man强调雄心勃勃。当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得负担,因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现.2定语后置1短语作定语一般后置It was aconference fruitful of results.那是一个硕果累累的会议。He gave me abasket full of eggs.他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。English is alanguage easy to learn but difficult to master.英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。The boys hardest to teach are all in hi