简单句基本句型

1、句子成分与句子结构句子成分与句子结构成分成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人表示句子说的是什么人或什么事或什么事名，代，数，不名，代，数，不定式，动名词，定式，动名词，短语或句子短语或句子We study in Longchang No. 1 Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么或怎么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与系动词连用，一起与系动词连用，

2、一起构成谓语，说明主语的构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形形, 代代, 数数, 名名, 副，副，介词短语或句子介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语副词，介词短语或句子或句子He works very hard.They h

3、eld a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系系形容词，名词，形容词，名词，介词短语等介词短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 句句子子结结构构分分类类 简单句简单句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主语（或并含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。并列谓语）的句子。 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences

4、 包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词间有并列连词and/but等或等或用分号连接。用分号连接。 复合句复合句 Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导。连词引导。1. He learns German. 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3. We sang and danced yesterday evening.4. My brother and I go t

5、o school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon. （一个主语和并列谓语一个主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和并列谓语并列主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和一个谓语并列主语和一个谓语）（一个主语和一个谓语一个主语和一个谓语）1. 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（ S+Link.V+P ），），说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。You are students.Lily is in the classroom.I am your good frie

6、nd, arent I? 系动词系动词状态：状态：be ,seem, appear, prove/turn out 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow, fall （有进行无被动）（有进行无被动）无进行无被动无进行无被动beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole c

7、ompany was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.8.His life is becoming more badly ._worse即兴操练即兴操练1.你是我最不想见到的人。你是我最不想见到的人。You are the last person I want to see .2.她是我的掌上明珠。她是我的掌上明珠。

8、She is the apple of my eye .3.小菜一碟。小菜一碟。Its a piece of cake .4.李明越长越高了。李明越长越高了。Li Ming is growing taller and taller .2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )Our school lies on the bank of a river.注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday.My brother will graduate next year.The bus

9、 stopped.即兴操练即兴操练1.会议持续了两个小时。会议持续了两个小时。The meeting lasted (for) two hours .2.秋天有些鸟儿飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟儿飞到南方去。Some birds fly to the south in autumn .3.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。My grandpa gets up/rises very early in the morning.4.昨晚他家爆发了一场火灾。昨晚他家爆发了一场火灾。A fire broke out in his house last night .3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾

10、语（宾语（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. What do you want in the future ? Each of you has a dream . 注：及物动词必须紧跟宾语否则就要用注：及物动词必须紧跟宾语否则就要用被动语态被动语态A great deal of water is used in that city by people.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态主动语态）（被动语态被动语态）即兴操练即兴操练1.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。I wrote a lett

11、er last night .2.他的女儿还不会自己穿衣服。他的女儿还不会自己穿衣服。His daughter cant dress herself .3.老师指出了我作文中的错误。老师指出了我作文中的错误。My/The teacher pointed out my mistake in my composition .4.她儿子喜欢开着窗户睡觉。她儿子喜欢开着窗户睡觉。Her son likes sleeping with the window open .1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door.A. is hang

12、ing B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung 2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. A. Raise; rising B. Rise; rising C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros st

13、ory_ differently in the newspaper. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语直接宾语(sth) (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me.Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser. 注意：注意：间宾在前间宾在前,直宾紧跟在后直宾紧跟在后;若交换位置则加若交换位置则加to或或for 如：如

14、： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：1 bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask（+sb sth / sth to sb)2 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare（+sb sth / sth f

15、or sb)用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人；某人；用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示表示为了为了某人，某人，替替某人。某人。即兴操练即兴操练1.我会替你叫一辆出租车。我会替你叫一辆出租车。I will call a taxi for you .2.这种机器会为你节约很多时间。这种机器会为你节约很多时间。This kind of machine will save you a lot of time .3.刘谦向我们展示了一种新的魔术。刘谦向我们展示了一种新的魔术。Liu Qian showed us a new k

16、ind of magic .4.请把那本字典递给我。请把那本字典递给我。Please pass that dictionary to me . We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C) 注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、副词、介词短语、动词不定式动词不定式、分词分词。即兴操练即兴操练1.我将绝不会让你失望我将绝不会让你失望 。I will never let you

17、 down .2.前几天我看到你在操场上踢足球。前几天我看到你在操场上踢足球。I saw you playing football on the playground the other day .3.学校建议我们学生积极参加社会实践。学校建议我们学生积极参加社会实践。The school advises us students to take an active part in social practice .4.我们应该使世界变成一个更好的居住的地方我们应该使世界变成一个更好的居住的地方We should make the world a better place to live in

18、.1.Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained3. My daughter encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. fo

19、r me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take4. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. that he had left简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.主语主

20、语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语Summary除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大增加句子长度和难度；常后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大增加句子长度和难度；常见于单选题、阅读、和改错题中。这些修饰语可以是单词见于单选题、阅读、和改错题中。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以语（主要是介词

21、短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：）为例：We found the hall full.We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made

22、 by an editor from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.There be 句型句型表示某时或某地表示某时或某地有有某人或某物时要用某人或某物时要用there be 句型。句型。其结构为：其结构为：There+ be +sb/sth +(非谓语非谓语V)+在某地在某地+在某时在某时（状）谓语（状）谓语 主语主语 定语定语 状语状语注意与注意与have 的区别：表某人或某物的区别：表某人或某物有有什么用什么用Sb / Sth have sth.There be 句型的表现形式如下句型的表现形式如下 现在现在有有

23、There is/are 过去过去有有 There was/were 将来将来有有 There will/is going to be. 现在已经现在已经有有 There has/have been 可能可能有有 There might be. 肯定肯定有有 There must be. 过去曾经过去曾经有有 There used to be 似乎似乎有有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧碰巧有有 There happen/happens/happened to beThere be句型中的句型中的be动词可以替换为以下动词可以替换为以下不及物动不及物动词词：l

24、ive， stand ，lie, exist，remain, come，go，follow, sit Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.即兴操练即兴操练1.一年有一年有365天。天。There are 365 days in a year .2.上周我们学校有一场精彩的足球赛。上周我们学校有一场精彩的足球赛。There was an exciting foot

25、ball game in our school last week .3.我家门前曾经有两棵苹果树。我家门前曾经有两棵苹果树。There used to be two apple trees in front of my house .4.我们班又有十个学生通过了体检。我们班又有十个学生通过了体检。There are another ten students passing the physical examination in our class.翻翻 译译 练练 习习1 1、在过去的几年，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。、在过去的几年，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。Great changes hav

26、e taken place in my hometown in the past few years.2、去年王老师教我们的英语。、去年王老师教我们的英语。 Mr. Wang taught us English last year. 祝你开心每一天祝你开心每一天Wish you happiness every day.3、当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。、当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。 I saw the kids playing by the river at that time. 4 4、政府必须立刻采取强有力的措施来阻止这条河受、政府必须立刻采取强有力的措施来阻止这条河受到污染。到污染。The

27、 government should take strong measures immediately to prevent the river from being polluted. 或或Strong measures should be taken immediately by the government to prevent the river from being polluted.5、我们发现他是一个诚实的人。、我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 We found him an honest person. 6、昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。、昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为

28、生日礼物。 Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present. 7、她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。、她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 She lost the chance to show /turn up on the stage. 8、在冬天的时候，这种食物吃起来很糟糕。、在冬天的时候，这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 This kind of food tastes terrible in winter.9、学生们学习很努力。、学生们学习很努力。 The students work very hard. 10、有有个老人静静地

29、坐在附近的一个板凳上。个老人静静地坐在附近的一个板凳上。 There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. 11、有有百分之七十的学生支持我们的计划。百分之七十的学生支持我们的计划。There are 70 percent of the students supporting / for our plan.12、为了我们的健康，我们需要自己找到办法来缓、为了我们的健康，我们需要自己找到办法来缓解我们学习或工作的压力。解我们学习或工作的压力。For our health, we need to find ways to relieve

30、 our pressure from study or work.13、他是一个很有学问的人。我们都很欣赏他。、他是一个很有学问的人。我们都很欣赏他。 He is a learned / knowledgeable person . We all admire him very much. 相相 关关 练练 习习1.Whom would you rather_ the car? My father. A. have fix B. have to fix C. had fix D. have to be fixed2.Was it 8 oclock _you heard someone_ at

31、the door? A. when; knocking B. when; knock C. that; knocking D. that; knock3.Was it in the room_ Mr. John lived _ the exhibition was held? A. that; that B. where; where C. that; where D. where; that4.Is _ you want to say? Yes,_ thats all I know. A. all what; yet B. which all; unless C. that all; D. all that; so5.Was it not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began? A. while B. which C. that D. since6._the house Mr. Zhang has been broken into? A. When was it that B. When has C. Has D. Had7.Did_ she was chosen make her v