选修6-unit3语法教学文稿

1、选修6-unit3语法 It is never too old to learn. 活到老活到老, 学到老。学到老。 It is easier to fall than to rise. 摔倒容易爬起来摔倒容易爬起来难。难。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。覆水难收。 It never rains but it pours(泼水泼水). 不鸣则已不鸣则已, 一一鸣惊人。鸣惊人。 It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 创业容易守业难。创业容易守业难。 It take

2、s three generations (代代) to make a gentleman. 十年树木十年树木, 百年树人。百年树人。Proverbs(谚语谚语) with “It”Read and analyze the sentences.It is Friday today.It was very cold last Monday. It is about 8:30 now.It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi.It lies in the south of Shaoguan city.It is 40C ! You got a high fever

3、!Conclusion: it 可以用作非人称代词可以用作非人称代词, 表示表示_,_, _, _, _, _等。等。dateweathertimedistanceplacetemperature 日期日期天气天气时间时间距离距离地点地点温度温度It is obvious that the water was to blame.It is true that he will treat me to breakfast tomorrow.It is certain that our class will do a good job in the final exam.Is it possible

4、 that he will become the chairman of our country?It is amazing that at my age I still look like a student!分析分析: it是是 _, 句子真正的主语是句子真正的主语是_。Read and analyze the sentences.形式主语形式主语that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句思考思考: 为什么要用为什么要用it做形式主语而把真正做形式主语而把真正主语放到后面去主语放到后面去?遵循英语语言的尾重原则遵循英语语言的尾重原则, 避免句子避免句子头重脚轻。头重脚轻。The use of “

5、it”一、一、it 作人称代词作人称代词1. it的最基本用法是作代词，的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复提到的事物，以避免重复:Xian is a beautiful city, isnt it?2. 也可以指动物或婴儿也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿未知性别的婴儿或孩子或孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.二、二、it作非人称代词作非人称代词 it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，等，1. 指天气：指天气：It is

6、 a lovely day, isnt it?2. 指时间指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.3. 指环境指环境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4. 指距离：指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my home.5. 指日期：指日期：-Whats the date today? -Its May 1, 2007.6. 指季节：指季节：It is summer now.7. 指度量：指度量：It is about 5 kilograms.8

7、. 指价值：指价值：-Whats the cost of the T-shirt? -It is 150 yuan.三、三、it用作形式主语用作形式主语替代作替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。1. 替代作主语的动词不定式替代作主语的动词不定式1) It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处此处adj. 通常为描述通常为描述事件的形容词事件的形容词: easy, difficult, hard, necessary, impossibl

8、e, right, wrong, important, polite, clear, obvious, certain, dangerousEg：It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.2) It is adj. of sb. to do sth.此处此处adj. 通常为描述人通常为描述人的形容词的形容词: kind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, careful, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.Eg：Its kin

9、d of you to help me with the problem.2. It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts (well) worth doingIts (well) worth while doing/ to doEg：Its no use crying over spilt milk.3. it作形式主语替代主语从句作形式主语替代主语从句It is adj. + clause It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain ) that .该句型中该句型中it 是形

10、式主语是形式主语, 真正的主语是真正的主语是that 引引导的主语从句导的主语从句, 常译为常译为“清楚清楚(显然显然, 真的真的)”, 是主是主语从句最常见的一种结构。语从句最常见的一种结构。Eg. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is to do It is said (reported/ learned/ believed/ thought/ known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的该句型中的it 仍是形仍是形式主语式主语, 真正主语是真正主

11、语是that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句; 该结构常译该结构常译为为“据说据说(据报道据报道, 据悉据悉)”。Eg: It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is + noun + 从句从句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中该句型中, that后的从句一般用后的从句一般用虚拟语气虚拟语气(should + 动词原形动词原形), should可省去。表示可省去。表示出乎意料出乎意料, 常译为常译为“竟然竟然”。没有这种意义时

12、。没有这种意义时, 则不用则不用虚拟语气。如：虚拟语气。如：Eg: It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上这种事竟然发生在你们班上, 真是遗憾真是遗憾It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了他生病了, 真遗憾！真遗憾！It happens(seems, looks, appears) that该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句引导的是主语从句，主句中的中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。等词是不及物动词。Eg：

13、It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来他再过几天才能回来。看来他再过几天才能回来。it 做形式主语的几种特殊句型做形式主语的几种特殊句型 It is time(about time, high time) thatthat后的后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用过去时态表示虚拟。从句应该用虚拟语气，常用过去时态表示虚拟。有时也用有时也用should+动词原形，动词原形，should不能省，常译为不能省，常译为“是（正是）是（正是）的时候了的时候了”Eg: It is time that children should go to bed.=It i

14、s time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡了。孩子们该睡了。 It is the first(second)time that 如果是如果是is，后面的从句用现在完成时态；如果是后面的从句用现在完成时态；如果是was，后面从句，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；可以省去；it有时有时用用this/that替换替换,常译为常译为“是第一（二）是第一（二）次做次做”。Eg: It is the first time I have been here.这是我第一这是我第一次到这里来。次到这里来。 It takes sb.

15、some time to do sth.做某事要花做某事要花费某人一些时间。费某人一些时间。Eg: It took me five days to solve the problem.解决这个问题花了我五天时间。解决这个问题花了我五天时间。 It costs sb. some money to do sth.做某事要做某事要花费某人一些钱。花费某人一些钱。Eg: It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer.买这台电脑花了我父亲买这台电脑花了我父亲5000元。元。 Its up to sb. to do sth

16、.应由某人（负责）做应由某人（负责）做Eg: It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.做不做这份工作由你决定。做不做这份工作由你决定。四、四、it作形式宾语作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从不定式、动名词、宾语从句句时时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形作形式宾语式宾语, 放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 Eg：

17、I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和我认为和他争吵没有用。他争吵没有用。It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词表示好恶的动词enjoy / like / love / appreciate dislike / hate / resent(憎恨憎恨)Eg：I hate it when it rains 我讨厌下雨的时候我讨厌下雨的时候answer for(承担承担的后果的后果)， count on (期待期待)， depend on(依靠依靠)， insist on(坚持主张，坚决要坚持主张，

18、坚决要求求)， see to(确保确保)等。等。Eg：I am counting on it that you will come. 我我期待你会来。期待你会来。五五 用于强调句型中用于强调句型中It is/was + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that/who . It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . It was five oclock _ I got home.It was at five oclock _ I got homewhenthat六、六、it 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 1. make it 在口语当中相当于在口语当中相当于succe

19、ed, 表示表示: 成功、成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 Eg: Its hard to make it to the top in show business.2. take it/things easy 相当于相当于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用来劝告别人用来劝告别人, 表示表示“不要慌不要慌, 别担心别担心, 沉住气沉住气”Eg: Take it easy！He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中在口语中, 相当相当于于it hasnt been decided

20、 yet, 表示表示“那得看情况那得看情况, 还没有定下来还没有定下来”Eg:Are you going to the countryside for holiday?It/That all depends.【当堂检测当堂检测】完成句子完成句子1.It is no good_ (吃很多吃很多垃圾食品垃圾食品)。(have)2.It is _(你的能力重要你的能力重要), not what you are and where you are from _ (matter)3. It is ten years_ (自从我们最后一次见面自从我们最后一次见面)。(since)4. It is (hig

21、h) time _ (他落实计划他落实计划)。（。（carry） 5. He thinks _to learn English well. 他认为他认为学好英语很简单。学好英语很简单。6. _discussing with them. 跟他们讨跟他们讨论是没用的。论是没用的。having much junk foodyour ability that thatsince we met the last timethat he carry out the planit easyIt is no use1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meet

22、ing would be held. (天津天津2007) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江浙江2006)A. As B. ThatC. This D. ItCD课后巩固课后巩固3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (2005

23、全国全国)A. it B. she C. which D. he4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东山东2006)A. thatB. it C. this D. youAB5. It was _ he came back from Africa that year_ he met the girl he would like to marry. (江西江西2009)A. when; then B. not; untilC. not until; that D. olny, wh

24、en6. It was along the Missippi River _Mark Twain spent much of hid childhood.(天津天津2008)A. how B. which C. that D. whereC C 7. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C.these D. them 8. In which play is _ your brother will appear? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where9. _ the harder you work, the better result youll get. A. Its believed that B. What we believed that C. Its fact D. What