第十四节--非谓语动词

1、1/782/78 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练31. 掌握句子结构, 即主、谓、宾等句子成分的划分; 尤其是谓语的确认; 能识别简单句, 并列句与复合句及简单句的五种基

2、本句型。u( ) Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. Invited B. to inviteC. being invited D. were invitedA 分析分析 分析得出该句主语为most of the people, 谓语为were famous scientists。因此该题考查非谓语动词作定语。“被邀请参加晚会大部分人是著名科学家。”答案A, 过去分词表被动又表完成3/78A1. 掌握句子结构, 即主、谓、宾等句子成分的划分; 尤其是谓语的确认; 能识别简单句, 并列句与复合句及简单句的五种基本

3、句型。u( ) On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.A. bought B. buyingC. to buy D. buy 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓

4、语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练3 分析分析 句中Mrs. Green为主语, 后接由and连接的三个并列谓语, 形式一致。答案A。4/782. 通过大量的语言实践形成语感。包含非谓语的句子常常是英语学习中反复操练了的句型, 应该做到脱口而出。uIt is not a good method just to remember the grammatical rules without practicing using the language when studying English. 学英语时,

5、光记语法规则而不练习使用它不是一个好方法。(不定式短语作真正主语)uI think it helpful to study English by listening to English broadcast constantly. (不定式短语作真正宾语不定式短语作真正宾语) 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定

6、语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练35/782. 通过大量的语言实践形成语感。包含非谓语的句子常常是英语学习中反复操练了的句型, 应该做到脱口而出。uIt is not a good method just to remember the grammatical rules without practicing using the language when studying English. 学英语时, 光记语法规则而不练习使用它不是一个好方法。(不定式短语作真正主语)uCollectin

7、g stamps is a good but costly hobby. (动名词作动名词作主语主语) 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练36/782. 通过大量的语言实践形

8、成语感。包含非谓语的句子常常是英语学习中反复操练了的句型, 应该做到脱口而出。uIt is not a good method just to remember the grammatical rules without practicing using the language when studying English. 学英语时, 光记语法规则而不练习使用它不是一个好方法。(不定式短语作真正主语)uNot knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher. (分词分词作状语作状语) 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动

9、词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练37/783. 在良好语感的基础上, 分析比较总结非谓语即：不定式、动名词与分词之间的异同, 找出规律。 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他

10、句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练38/784. 该记牢的一些知识点一定要记牢。如：哪些动词后只能接不定式, 哪些动词后只能接动名词; 一些动词的独特用法。如：hope, suggest, understand, appreciate, prevent, catch等后不能

11、接不定式作宾补。uI hope you to work hard next term.( )uI hope (that) you will work hard next term. ( )uI understand him to change his mind. ( )uI understand him / his changing his mind. ( ) 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语

12、动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练39/784. 该记牢的一些知识点一定要记牢。如：哪些动词后只能接不定式, 哪些动词后只能接动名词; 一些动词的独特用法。如：hope, suggest, understand, appreciate, prevent, catch等后不能接不定式作宾补。uThe boss caught the girl to steal goods from the shop. ( )u

13、The boss caught the girl stealing goods from the shop.( ) uMy father suggests me to major in medicine. ( )uMy father suggests me / my majoring in medicine. ( ) 所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分所谓非谓语动词就是在句子中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、如主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及表语的动词即：不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词是英语语法中三大难点动名词、分词。非谓语

14、动词是英语语法中三大难点(时态、定时态、定语从句、非谓语动词语从句、非谓语动词)之一之一, 正确学习非谓语动词的方法有：正确学习非谓语动词的方法有： 精精 讲讲 精精 练练考点讲练310/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(一一)非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。两者的区别是: 表示某一具体的动作时, 多用不定式; 表示比较抽象的一般的行为倾向时, 多用动名词(这个区别同时存在于二者作宾语和表语)。 动名词作主语时通常位于句首; 不定式作主语则常置于句末, 用it作形式主语放在句首。uIn fact it is a hard j

15、ob for the police to keep order in an important football match.uNodding the head means agreement.11/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(一一)非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3 注意注意 习惯上It is no use / no good / no help / a waste of time 后接动名词作主语。uIts no use crying over the broken vase.uIts a waste of time talking with him.12

16、/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较31. 表示希望、计划、决定、同意等动词只能接不定式作宾语表将来的动作, 常用的有： expect, hope, desire, wish, learn, offer, fail, plan, intend, agree, decide, arrange, attempt, determine, afford, promise, refuse等, 另外还有 pretend, manage。uIf you cant manage to work out the problem, dont pre

17、tend to be able to.uLittle Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. uWe agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下: 当不定式作宾语后接宾补时, 需用“it(形式宾语)宾补不定式(真正宾语)”的句型。uI find it impossible to remember so many words in an evening. 注意注意13/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练

18、练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 下列动词suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介词(除but, except) 后接动名词。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hu

19、nting any animals in the forests. 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uOn hearing the news, all of us couldnt help jumping with joy.不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下:14/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾

20、语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 下列动词suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介词(除but, except) 后接动名词。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in

21、 the forests. 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uId rather you left off whistling like that.不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下:15/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 下列动词suggest, fini

22、sh, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介词(除but, except外) 后接动名词。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off,

23、give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下:16/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 下列动词suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, pr

24、actise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介词(除but, except) 后接动名词。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant

25、help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下:下列词组中的下列词组中的to是介词是介词, 后常接动名词作宾语。后常接动名词作宾语。look forward to, devoteto, contribute to (导致) , get used to, pay attention to, be opposed

26、 to = object to (反对) , get down to (着手做), stick to, lead to, turn to, come close to (差点, 险些) , etc.uHer works have contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 注意注意17/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 下列动词suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practi

27、se, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介词(除but, except) 后接动名词。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help

28、, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下:下列词组中的下列词组中的to是介词是介词, 后常接动名词作宾语。后常接动名词作宾语。look forward to, devoteto, contribute to (导致) , get used to, pay attention to, be opposed to

29、= object to (反对) , get down to (着手做), stick to, lead to, turn to, come close to (差点, 险些) , etc.uWith the price of beef going up, the farmers turned to raising cattle. 注意注意18/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 下列动词suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, escape, p

30、ardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介词(除but, except) 后接动名词。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / di

31、fficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下:下列词组中的下列词组中的to是介词是介词, 后常接动名词作宾语。后常接动名词作宾语。look forward to, devoteto, contribute to (导致) , get used to, pay attention to, be opposed to = object to (反对) ,

32、get down to (着手做), stick to, lead to, turn to, come close to (差点, 险些) , etc.uIn the bad accident, he came close to being killed. 注意注意19/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较33. 某些动词后既能接动名词又可接不定式作宾语, 其区别如下：不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下: Begin start continue like love dislike hate prefer

33、 cant stand例句例句解析解析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别, 但谓语动词为进行时, 后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语, 若表某一特定的或具体的行动, 多接不定式, 如4、5句20/78 精

34、精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较33. 某些动词后既能接动名词又可接不定式作宾语, 其区别如下：不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下: remember, forget, regret, try例句例句解析解析1. Please remember to meet her at the station.uI remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.uI forgot giving it

35、to you yesterday.1. remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事uremember doing sth. 记得做过某事2. forget to do sth忘记要做某事uforget doing sth.忘记做过某事21/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较33. 某些动词后既能接动名词又可接不定式作宾语, 其区别如下：不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下: remember, forget, regret, try例句例句解析解析3. I regret to hear of

36、your sisters death.uI regret not having working hard.4. We must try to get everything ready.uTry knocking at the back door.3. regret to do sth.遗憾或抱歉uregret doing sth. 后悔做过 / 了某事4. try to do sth.设法, 试图utry doing sth. 试试看, 试一试22/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较33. 某些动词后既能接动名词又可接不定式作宾

37、语, 其区别如下：不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区别如下区别如下: remember, forget, regret, try例句例句解析解析5.I had meant to go on Monday.uThat will mean flooding some land.5. mean to do sth.打算做, 想要umean doing sth. 意味着, 就是23/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(二二)非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较33. 某些动词后既能接动名词又可接不定式作宾语, 其区别如下：不定式和动名词作宾语不定式和动名词作宾语, 区

38、别如下区别如下: want, require, need例句例句解析解析uThese desks need repairing.uThese desks need to be repaired.uThe patient required examining.uThe patient required to be examined.need / want / require doing 需要被做 (主动表被动) =want / need / require to be done需要被做24/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(三三)非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词作宾补3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较31.

39、不定式(除了在感观动词如see, hear等后表示动作的全过程外)的动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后(具有“将来”的意义), 如：request, order, warn, cause, advise, persuade, wish, expect, would like, ask, tell, force, get, encourage 等。“请求、建议、说服、希望某人去做某事”。uI would like you to speak at the meeting.uMy advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my w

40、riting skills.不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾语补足语和主语补足语不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾语补足语和主语补足语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式在感观动词如see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel等后作宾补表示动作的全过程, 且省略不定式符号“to”uI saw the man come out of the house, get into a yellow car and drive off to the east.2. 不定式在let, make, have, see, watch, notice, hear, list

41、en to, feel sb. 后作宾补省“to”。但作主补时恢复“to”。uThough he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 注意注意25/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(三三)非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词作宾补3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较31. 不定式(除了在感观动词如see, hear等后表示动作的全过程外)的动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后(具有“将来”的意义), 如：request, order, warn, cause, advise, pers

42、uade, wish, expect, would like, ask, tell, force, get, encourage 等。“请求、建议、说服、希望某人去做某事”。uI would like you to speak at the meeting.uMy advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skills.不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾语补足语和主语补足语不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾语补足语和主语补足语, 区别如下：区别如下：3. 主语 + call on (upon)(号召)

43、 / depend on / wait for / ask for / count on(指望) + sb. + to do sth.。uIm waiting for you to give me the answer. 注意注意26/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(三三)非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词作宾补3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较32. 现在分词作宾补或主补表示正在进行的动作。uThe missing boys were last seen playing near the river.uDont leave the water running while you brush your te

44、eth.3. 过去分词作宾补表示完成的动作或宾语所处的状态, 并且往往和宾语构成被动关系。uIt was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾语补足语和主语补足语不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾语补足语和主语补足语, 区别如下：区别如下：27/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(四四)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式作定语有如下三种情况：(1)不定式

45、与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系, 习惯上用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。uI have too much work to do, so I cant spare time to watch the football game.uIm hungry. Get me something to eat. 根据不定式与被修饰的名词的关系, 注意在不定式动词后面加上相应的介词。uThere are five pairs to choose from, but Im at a loss which to buy.uWhen I handed the report to John, he said tha

46、t George was the person to hand it to. 注意注意28/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(四四)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式作定语有如下三种情况：(2)不定式常接在the first, the second, the last, the only等后作定语, 构成逻辑上的主谓关系。uThere is no one to look after her.uMadame Curie was the first to become a

47、 woman professor.29/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(四四)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式作定语有如下三种情况：(3)不定式常在下列词语后作定语, 说明其内容：chance, wish, right, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way 等。uIf I get a chance to go to school, Ill make full use of every minute to s

48、tudy.uHe made a promise to lend me money, but I never got his money.30/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(四四)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语, 区别如下：区别如下：2. 现在分词作定语与其所修饰的名词有“主谓关系”, 常表示动作正在进行。当分词短语作定语其作用完全相当于定语从句。uThere are a few boys swimming in the river. ( = There are a few boys who ar

49、e swimming in the river.)uThere is a car waiting outside. ( = There is a car which is waiting outside.)31/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(四四)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语, 区别如下：区别如下：3. 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的名词有“动宾关系”, 表示一个被动或完成的动作。uThe computer centre, opened last year, is very popular amo

50、ng the students in this school.uWhats the language spoken in that country? ( = Whats the language which is spoken in that country?) 就时间而言, 不定式作定语常表示将来; 现在分词表示正在进行; 过去分词表示已经完成, 试比较：uThis is the problem to be discussed tomorrow.uThis is the problem being discussed now.uThis is the problem discussed ye

51、sterday. 注意注意32/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式作状语有如下三种情况：(1)不定式短语用作目的状语, 为了加强语气, 可在不定式前加上in order或so as (so as to不放在句首)。uHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus.uI come here only to say good bye to you.33/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非

52、谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式作状语有如下三种情况：(2)在表语形容词后作原因状语, 说明产生这些情绪的原因, 常见的形容词有glad, pleased, happy, sorry, surprised, willing, eager, ready, disappointed, anxious, content, clever, angry, foolish, rude, cruel, right, wrong, quick, slow 等。uAll t

53、hrough his life, Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone. 不定式还可在 easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, heavy, light, expensive, nice, fit, safe, interesting, important, dangerous, cheap, good, pleasant, impossible 等形容词后作状语。和主语常为被动关系, 但不定式要用主动形式, 不定式为不及物动词时, 应加上适当的介词。uIf humans continue to

54、 pollute the earth, it will not be fit for us to live on.uThe pen looks rather old, but in fact, it is very smooth to write with. 注意注意34/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：1. 不定式作状语有如下三种情况：(3)作结果状语。常用于以下句型enoughto, tooto, soas to do, su

55、ch + n.as to do, 和only to do表示出人意料的结果。uThe girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus and support him across the street.uWe hurried to the classroom only to find none there.uIm not such a fool as to believe that.35/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分

56、词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：2. 分词短语放在句首多作原因、条件、时间等状语，其作用完全相当于一个状语从句。在句末多作方式、伴随状语，也可作结果状语。现在分词表主动，过去分词短语表被动和完成。另外，分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致。(1)时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when, while, once等)uSeen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. = When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.36/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(

57、五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：2. 分词短语放在句首多作原因、条件、时间等状语，其作用完全相当于一个状语从句。在句末多作方式、伴随状语，也可作结果状语。现在分词表主动，过去分词短语表被动和完成。另外，分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致。(2) 原因状语uNot having finished her work in time, the boss fired her. = As she hadnt finished her work in tim

58、e, the boss fired her.uTired from the trip, he soon feel asleep. = Because he was tired from the trip, he soon fell asleep.37/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：2. 分词短语放在句首多作原因、条件、时间等状语，其作用完全相当于一个状语从句。在句末多作方式、伴随状语，也可作结果状语。现在分词表主动，过去分词短语

59、表被动和完成。另外，分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致。(3) 条件状语(分词前可加if, unless)uGiven more time, I would have worked out the problem. = If I had been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.38/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状语, 区别如下：区别如下：2. 分词短语放在句首多作原

60、因、条件、时间等状语，其作用完全相当于一个状语从句。在句末多作方式、伴随状语，也可作结果状语。现在分词表主动，过去分词短语表被动和完成。另外，分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致。(4) 伴随状语uShe stood under the tree, reading a book.uThe secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the manager.39/78 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(五五)非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 3一、非谓语动词句法功能的比较3不定式、现在分词和过去分词都能作状