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1、句子成分及基本句型一、 考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (1) 主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1) Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名
2、词作主语) (2) He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3) Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great&
3、#160;pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5) What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents
4、60;are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We dont finish reading the book(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English.
5、; (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) &
6、#160;We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾
7、语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us
8、160;a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bri
9、ng, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。间接宾语加“for”的有: make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等 (1)I give him
10、160;a book. 改成: (2)He passes me the book.(
11、他将书递给我。) 改成: (3)He writes me a letter.
12、0;改成: (4)He will buy me some books. 改成:
13、0; (5)She is making me a cake. 改成:
14、60; (四)宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如:They make her happy.(形容词) I see
15、;her dance.(不定式) Well help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词) Please let him in.(副词)
16、60; We heard her singing a song.(分词短语) (五)表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如:I am a teacher.(名词) He
17、;is always happy.(形容词) They are on the playground now.(介词短语) It gets cold.(形容词) 系动词:Be动词(
18、am,is,are, was, were) 表保持(keep, stay, remain) 表改变(get, become, turn) 感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来) 如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为
19、表语) We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词, careful为表语) (六)定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如:The
20、 black bike is mine.(形容词) Whats your name?(代词) They make paper flowers.(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anyt
21、hing, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。 如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语) He has something to do.
22、60; (to do为不定式作后置定语) 说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)(7) 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语
23、、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如:He did it carefully.(副词) We often help him.(副词) Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)
24、160; When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语) He sits there.(副词地点状语) 【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)
25、60;如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) 如:I love my country.
26、160; He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如:Her brother is a driver. We
27、160;feel happy.(feel为系动词,表示感到) It gets dark.天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得) Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来) D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)
28、; 如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语) 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语) 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)
29、160; 如:They call her Mary.(宾补) 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补) 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
30、He always makes us laugh.(宾补) 他总使我们笑。二、 典型例题 写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. &
31、#160; 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister.
32、60;6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a w
33、eek. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early. U
34、nit5 Do you want to watch a game show? Section A 1. What do you think of ?=How do you like.?你认为怎么样? 2. show (1) n 可数 (电视或广播)节目 talk show谈话节目 game show竞赛节目 sports show体育节目 talent show才艺节目 soap opera肥皂剧 (2) n 表演 展览 on show 在展出 在展览中 (3) v 出示 给.看 show sb sth=show sth to sb 3.don't mind不介意,不在乎 (1) mi
35、nd v.介意,在乎+n/pron/doing/从句(ifwhether引导)常用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗? Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这儿抽吗? (2) mind n.想法,精神,心 He always reads others' mind.他总能看透别人的心思。 (3) body and mind身心 make up one's mind to do 下定决心做某事 change one's mind改变主意 keep.in mind 记住 n
36、ever mind没关系,不要记在心上 4. news n.不可数名词,新闻,新闻节目 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 a piece of news一则消息 two pieces of news两则消息 newspaper报纸(可数名词) 5. learn (1) learn by doing sth by 是通过方式,以方式,用方法,是以什么方式或方法 learn.by oneself(自学) (2)learn from从得知/获得,向学习,是指从某个地方或者人学到知识 learn from sb/sth向某人学习 learn sth from sb/sth
37、 learn French from him 向他学习法语 learn English from me 向我学英语 learn lessons from mistakes 从错误中吸取教训 (3) learn by 是通过什么方式学 learn .by heart熟记,背诵 6. follow v 跟随(=go after) following adj 接着的 follow the story 跟着故事 (1)follow vt.遵循,仿效 follow one's advice听从某人的劝告 (2)follow vt. 听懂,听清 I'm afraid I can't
38、 follow you, sir.先生,我没听清. (3)follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事 7. happen v (1) Sth happen +时间/地点 某时某地发生了什么 (2)Sth happen to sb 某人出了某事(不好的事情) (3)Sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 (4)It happened that 碰巧发生某事 8.expect v 期待 盼望 预期 (1) expect +n/pron 期待某物/事或某人,预计.可能发生 (2) expect to do sth 预计做某事 (3) expect sb to do sth
39、 期望某人做某事 (4) expect +that从句 预计. (5) be expecting sb/sth:等某人/物 I expect so.我想会的 9. one day 有一天 表示过去的某一天 将来的某一天 some day 有一天 将来有一天或日后的某一天 Section B 1. serious adj 严肃的,认真的 (1) be serious about doing sth 认真对待某事;严肃认真做某事,对做某事当真 (2) be serious about sb/sth 对某人/某事当真 2. famous adj 著名的=well-known as famous as
40、与一样有名 (1)be famous/well-known for 因为.而出名(后接著名的原因) (2) be famous/well-known as作为.而出名(后接表示身份、职业的名词) (3) be famous/well-known to 为.所熟知 Yao Ming is famous for playing basketball.姚明以打篮球而出名 Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.姚明作为篮球运动员出名3. come out 出现 (1)出来;出现 The stars came out as soon as it was da
41、rk.天一黑星星就出来了。 (2)开花;发芽 Some flowers have begun to come out.有些花现在已经开始开花了。 (3)出版;发表,发行 That magazine comes out every Monday.那份杂志每星期一出版。 (4)透露,传出;公之于世;(真相)大白 The truth has come out at last.真相终于大白。 (5)显出,显露,露出 (6)初次进入社交界;初次登台;初露锋芒 ,结果是,结局 How did the movie finally come out?这部电影最后的结局如何? (7)考试结果,考第名 She c
42、ame out first in the examination.这次考试她考第一名。 (8) (照片)照得(好坏),洗出(清晰等) Everyone came out well in the wedding photograph except the bridegroom. 在结婚照片中除了新郎以外人人照得都不错 4.become 系动词 变得.变成 可跟形容词或名词 5. successful adj.成功的,有成就的 (1)success成功(不可数名词) 成功的人事(可数名词) (2)succeed成功 v succeed in doing sth.做某事取得成功 (3)success
43、fully adv 成功地 6. be ready to do sth准备做某事;乐于做某事,愿意迅速做某事 7. try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 8. dress up 打扮,梳理 盛装打扮 (1)dress up like a boy打扮成男孩 (2)dress sb up=dress up sb.盛装打扮某人 dress sb /oneself 给某人穿衣服 (3) get dressed 穿衣服 put on 穿衣服(强调动作)wear穿衣服(强调状态) 9. take sb.s place sb=replac
44、e sb代替 替换某人 take the place of 代替 10. do a good job干得好 do the job 奏效,起作用 11. enjoyable adj 愉快的,快乐的 drinkable 可以饮用的 valuable 有价值的 reasonable 有道理的 comfortable 舒服的 12. 动词不定式做宾语 be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 (1)有些动词只能接不定式做宾语 help hope ask refuse decide pro
45、mise wish pretend expect learn plan manage agree fail offer happen seem let plan expect happen (2)有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语 mind finish enjoy suggest consider miss keep(on) avoid避开,躲开 stand(忍受) allow practice give up put off look forward to期待,期望 feel like想要做某事 preventfrom 阻止 can't help禁不住,不由自主 迫不及待 be/get
46、 used to be worth doing be busy doing (3)后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的 A. stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事。 B .forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) C. remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) D. regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做) E. cant help to do 不能
47、帮助做某事 cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 F. try to do 努力,企图做某事 try doing 试验,试着做某事。 G. go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 H. mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着 、词组、短语: 1.talk show 访谈节目 2. sports show 体育节目 3. game show 娱乐节目 4.talent show 达人秀 5. have a discussion 进行讨论 6. watch news 看新闻 7. find out找出
48、,查出,查明 8.watch action movies看动作电影 9. watch cartoons看动画片 10. the black mouse with two large round ears 长着两只大圆耳朵的黑色老鼠 11. over 80 years ago 八十多年前 12. on November 18,1928 在1928年11月18日 13. the first cartoon with sound and music第一步有声音和音乐的动画片 14. in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代 15. as famous as 和一样著名 16. one of th
49、e main reasons 要的理由之一 17. be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事;为 做准备 18. dress up 装扮;乔装打扮 19. take sbs place 代替;替换 20. do a good job 干得好 21.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 22. plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事 23.hope to do sth. 希望做某事 24. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 25.expect to do sth. 盼望做某事. 26. How about doing? 做怎么样? 27.try ones
50、 best to do sth. 尽力做某事 28. think of 想起、认为 think about 思考、考虑 二、习惯用法、搭配 -What do you think of talk shows? -I dont mind them. I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you? 三、惯用法、搭配 1、let sb. do sth.让某人做某事, 2、plan to do sth.计划做某事, 3、hope to do sth. 希望做某事, 4、happen to do sth碰巧发生某事, 5、expect to do st
51、h. 期望做某事, 6、How about doing?= What about? 做某事怎么样? 7、be ready to do sth.准备做某事, 8、try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事, 语法: Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I dont. What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past. What do you expect to learn from s
52、itcoms? You can learn some great jokes. Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world. What do you think of talk shows? I dont mind them./ I cant stand them!/ I love watching them! 词语辨析 the other, the others, other, others, another 辨析the other 表示特指两个或者
53、两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时,常用one the other。 例:He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物),是the other的复数形式,相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any othe
54、r + 名词单数。 例:You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。 例:We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。 例:Some students are doing homework, others are tal
55、king loudly. another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。 例: I dont like this one. Please show me another one. another two students = two more students 2.look see watch的区别 look强调看的动作,接宾语时要加at See强调看的结果,还有看望,明白等意思 Watch一般精力比较集中,如看电视、演出、球赛等watch the football game 语言点讲解 1、think of = think about 认为 What
56、 do you think of (=how do you like )this movie? 你认为这个电影怎么样 What does your father think of his boss? How about doing?做怎么样? 2、I dont mind them. 我不介意他们。 mind: n 头脑、想法 change ones mind改变主意 make up ones mind 下决心 mind: v介意;在乎;反对。多用于以下句型:(表示请求或征求意见) Would you mind doing ? Would you mind opening the door? D
57、o you mind ? Do you mind my dog? 3、I cant stand it! 我不能忍受它/我受不了它! stand: 顺利接受;忍受(多用于否定句、疑问句) 4、I do, too. / I dont, either. 我也 / 我也不 too 与either的区别: too“也”, 表示肯定意义,与肯定的表达方法连用;而either “也不”,表示否定意义,与否定的表达方法连用。 -My brother likes to play soccer. ?I do, too. -My brother doesnt like to play soccer. ?I dont
58、, either. 5、a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩。 此结构中,year用单数形式,且用连字符,类似的结构还有: five-month-old baby 五个月大的婴儿 试比较: He is a student. He is thirteen years old. He is a thirteen-year-old student. 6、hair clip 发卡 有关hair的其他几个常见短语: hair band 发带, hair cut发型,发式;理发(名词), hair dresser理发师7、happen Sth happen +时间/地点 某时某
59、地发生了什么 Sth happen to sb 某人出了某事(不好的事情) Sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 It happened that 碰巧发生某事 8、be famous/well-known for因什么而出名 Be famous/well-known as 作为什么而出名 as famous as与一样有名 9、dress up 盛装打扮 dress sb up/dress uo sb.盛装打扮某人 dress sb /oneself 给某人穿衣服 get dressed 穿衣服 put on 穿衣服(强调动作)wear穿衣服(强调状态) 重难点知识 动词不
60、定式做宾语 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。 例如:help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,learn,plan,manage,agree,fail,offer,happen,seem等等。 例如
61、: He refused to speak on the radio. 二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语: 例如:mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,consider,miss,keep(on),avoid避开,躲开,stand(忍受),allow ,practice,give up,put off,look forward to期待,期望,feel like想要做某事,preventfrom,阻止can't help禁不住,不由自主 迫不及待,be/get used to ,be worth doing,be busy doing 例如: His wife does
62、n't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. She doesn't feel like eating anything,being ill for a few days. 后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的 1、stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。 2、forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) 3、remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) 4、regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (
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