全国职称英语考试真题及答案理工类

1、2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案理工类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me madAtolerateBgenerateCreduceDmensure2Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living aloneAeq

2、ualBimmediateCmoderateDgreat3He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished schoolAbrightBunclearCgeneralDbad4I want to provide my boys with a decent educationAspecialBprivateCgeneralDgood5Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older peopleApictureBdangerCevidenceDcase6Our arra

3、ngements were thrown into complete turmoilAdoubtBreliefCfailureDconfusion7Patricia stared at the other girls with resentmentAloveBsurpriseCangerDdoubt8Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every dayAenergeticBfreeCphysicalDregular9I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very fu

4、nny dialoguesAboringBoriginalChumorousDlong10Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growthAattractBspendCencourageDrequire11He demolished my argument in minutesAsupportedBdisprovedCdisputedDaccepted12The two banks have announced plans to merge next yearAcloseBsellCbreakDcombine13Her fat

5、her was a quiet man with graceful mannersApoliteBusualCbadDsimilar14The project required ten years of diligent researchAhardworkingBsocialCbasicDscientific15He was kept in appalling conditions in prisonAnecessaryBterribleCcriticalDnormal第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提

6、供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of pow

7、er beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widelyA start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on EarthT

8、he attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbitEarth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sunLight during daytime and when skies are clearBut space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilog

9、ram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， "If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go"he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company design

10、ed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down"We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he saysA patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller n

11、umber cancollect the same amount of energyBut using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz"You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he saysAccording to the c

12、ompany's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them coolThough Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energyLaws in California and other states requireincreasing use

13、 of renewable energy in coming years，he points out"To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says16Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from spaceARightBWrongCNot mentioned17Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power s

14、atellitesARightBWrongCNot mentioned18Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clearARightBWrongCNot mentioned19One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economicalARightBWrongCNot mentioned20Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar p

15、ower systemARightBWrongCNot mentioned21Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sourcesARightBWrongCNot mentioned22Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soonARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第

16、2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Natural Gas1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surfaceIt is a fossil fuel(矿物质燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsagoThe main component of natura

17、l gas is methane(甲烷)2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwideToday，natural gas

18、 serviceis available in all 50 states in the US，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes use natural gasIn fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricityIn addi-tion to h

19、eating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishingsNatural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plant

20、s3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels availableIt emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sourcesWhen natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhaleCompared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas e

21、mits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a114 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the worldThe USDepartment of Energy'

22、S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 20255 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surfaceThe largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle EastLNG(液化天然气)has be

23、en produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decadesToday，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain23Paragraph 2_24Paragraph 3_25Paragraph 4_.26Paragraph 5_APopularity and use of natural gasBNatural gas reserves and supplyCNatural gas pricesDClean

24、fuel of choiceEDisadvantages of natural gasFNatural gas consumption27Natural gas is stored deep_28Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_29When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas_30It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United Sta

25、tes will increase_Aover the past 50 yearsBbeneath the earth surfaceCby more than 50 percentDfor more than four decadesEas a raw materialFfor home energy needs第4部分：阅读理解(第3l45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇How the First Stars in the Universe Came into ExistenceHow the first stars

26、 formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers sayThe composition of the early universe was quite different from that of

27、today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simplerDrNaoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the USincorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages，"to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that wo

28、uld eventually shine its light into this darknessThe result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a "cosmic Rosetta Stone"sets the bar for furt

29、her investigation into the star formation processThe question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into beingAccording to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，

30、gases，and the mysterious"dark matter''of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sunThe simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early univ

31、erse to form this protostarDrYoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang"This geneal picture of star formation，and the ability to compare h

32、ow stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，"said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report"The abundance of elements in the un

33、iverse has increased as stars haveaccumulated，"he says，"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele ments further across the universeSo when you think about ita11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，lon

34、g ago"Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universeMore powerful computers，more physica

35、l data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation-when a stellar ob ject becomes a true star"DrYoshida has taken the study of primordial star formatio

36、n to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goalIt is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，"said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex as，Austin and the author of a companion article"We must c

37、ontinue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive starButhere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed"31According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_Awa

38、s governed by simpler physicsBgot fewer stars shinning in itCstarted over 13 billion years agoDwas composed in a way similar to that of today32What can the state-of-theart computer simulation tell us about?AHow the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years agoBHow"cosmic dark ages"came into

39、 existenceCHow dust grains and gases were formed after the Big BangDHow the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang33What does the"astronomical object"in paragraph 2 refer to?Acosmic dark agesBdust grains and gasesCa protostarDthe early universe34According to paragraph 4，what is NO

40、T true about a protostar?AIt developed into a massive star during the Big BangBIt evolved from pre-stellar gasesCIt was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive starDIt had a mass of one percent of the sun35According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the si

41、mulation project EXCEPTAto know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universeBto simulate the process of how the early universe beganCto apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiationDto discover the truth about the formation of a protostar第二篇The IcemanOn a

42、September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita 1yHigh up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the iceAt that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especiallywarm yearThe mountain ice had melted

43、more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surfaceIt was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the headremains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth bootsNearby

44、 was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrowsWho was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already be

45、en found in this areaA Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years oldWith modem dating techniques，t

46、he scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years oldBorn in about 3300 BC，he lived during the Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountainsMore recent evidence，however，tells a different storyA new kind of

47、X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleedingHe almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his headThis means that he was probably in some kind of battleIt may have been part oi a

48、large war，or he may have beenfightiing banditsHe may even have been a bandit himselfBy studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived inwe may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the hist

49、ory of those distant times36The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_Ahe was lying on the iceBtwo Germans were climbing mountainsCthe melted ice made him visibleDhe was just on a mountain pass37What can be inferred from paragraph 2?AThe iceman was killed while workingBThe ice

50、man could have died from the wound in the headCThe iceman lived a poor lifeDThe iceman was struck dead from behind38All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_Ahe was a soldier in World War IBhe came from ItalyChe was a Swiss woman's long-lost fatherDHe was born about a thou

51、sand years ago39The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_Awas hit in the shoulder by an arrowheadBwas probably in some kind of a battleChad got a wound on the back of his headDhas a tiny hole in his skin causing his death40The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_

52、ArobbersBsoldiersC huntersDshooters第三篇Scientists Make Sweet DiscoveringGood news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you， according to American researchers at the University of CaliforniaChocolate contains substancescalled flavonoids that can help maintain

53、a healthy heart and good circulationThe researchers havediscovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central Amer

54、ica were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about1500 BC，and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in EuropeIn 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a giftCocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Port

55、ugalThe Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drinkBy the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiarIn 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizenIn 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had

56、 the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolateSince then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularityOne of the biggest chocolate-eatingnations is Britain where the average man，women，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a yearInfact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are mor