Book8Unit1知识点

1、一、 学习目标1.掌握重要词汇、语言点、句型，并能在训练中准确使用。2.训练学生的词汇，句型及语法的灵活使用水平。二、 学法指导1.通过知识梳理，构建本单元的知识框架。2.先独立完成各项练习，再通过小组讨论及教师讲解解决难点。三、 语境串记基点一、单词 在语境中默写，在联想中积累写得准用 得 活（用所给词的适当形式填空）1.mea ns n.手段；方法2.occur vi.发生；出现3.reform v.改革；革新1.He won the elect ion and was elected preside ntn.改革；改造；改良4.grasp vt.&n.抓住（紧）；掌握；领会of

2、the coun try. (elect)2.He indicated that an indicator should give mesome indications of how I did in the5.boom n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣test.(i ndicate)vi.处于经济迅速发展时期3.The results of the survey fell into distinct6.lug gage n.行李groups. The old were scholars of great7.slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤disti nctio n while the voung w

3、ere then.滑动；滑倒opposite. (dist in ct)8.hire vt.&n.租用；雇用9.customs n.海关： 关税： 进口税Tcustomern.顾客4.Apparently, she took no notice of the apparentmistakes in the accide nt.(appare nt)5.All the applicants can apply in person or byletter and at the same time should hand inlO.maioritv n.绝大部分：大半Tmajor adj.主

4、their applicati ons before May 6th. (apply)要的vi.主修n.专业T6.One of the major problems is that a majorityminority n.少数of the graduates who major in English find itll.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人difficult to find a good job. (majority)Telection n.选举7.“Wallacross this street and turn left at the12.distinct adj.

5、清晰的；明显(确)的Tdistinctionfirst crossing . the boy told the lady. (cross)n.差别；区分；卓著13. applicant n.申请人Tapply vi.申 请Tapplicationn.申请书：申请14.appare nt adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的Tapparentlv adv.显然地：显而易见地8.If a customer wants to bring the goods he buysabroad back to inland, he has to pay some customswhe n he passes

6、through the Customs.(custom)?积得多平时多积累，考场出华章1.与“雇用；辞退”相关的词汇hire n.& vt.雇用2employ vt.雇用3take on雇用4fire vt.解雇5dismiss vt.解雇6discharge vt.辞退7lay off解雇8turn away解雇2.单复数意义不同的名词小结custom （风俗）Tcustoms （海关）2manner（方式）Tmanners（礼貌）3paper （纸）Tpapers （文件）4art （艺术）Tarts （文科）5arm （手臂）Tarms （武器）6brain （脑袋）Tbrain

7、s （脑力）7work （工作）Tworks （作品）3.“多数与少数”面面观1major adj.主要的2majority n.绝大部分3mi nor adj.少数的4minority n.少数4.以后缀“-ing”结尾的名词1cross ing十字路口2singing唱歌3swimmi ng游泳4writi ng写作、短语一一在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多写得准用得活（选用左栏短语填空）Book8 UnitlRevision(讲解版)15.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示Tindication n.迹象； 标示indicator n.指示器；指示信号16.crossi ng n.

8、横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道Tcross n.十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生气的v.使交叉；横过Tacross prep.在.的对面（过）I. live on继续存有；继续生存2.make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3.mark out标出. 界线4.keep up坚持；维持；沿袭5.take in包括：吸收：欺骗：理解6.apply for申请：请示得到7.occur to sb.某人突然想到8.by_means of用.办法；借助于9.back to back背靠背10.team up with与 合作II. a great/good manv很多：很多12.the major

9、ity of绝大部分.1.ln some rural places of China, some people stillprefer keeping up their traditional lifestyle.2.After 15 years in the USA, he has fin ally madehis decision to apply for American citize nship.3.While you are reading an article, you d bettermark out the key words and topic sentences.4.The

10、 trade caused me $500 worth of loss.Pity! You didn t listen to my advice; otherwise, youwould not have been taken in.5.You can team up with one other class memberif you can t finish it on time.?积 得 多平时多积累，考场出华章1.“V.+out”结构的短语荟萃mark out标出.界线turn out结果是make out理解；辨认出work out锻炼cut out删去come out出版；开花2.“

11、v.+in”结构短语荟萃1break in强行闯入2give in屈服；投降3turn in上交不过，可能至少在15 000年 前美洲土者人就住在加利福 尼亚了。un forgettable experie nee.2.That is why today over 40% ofCalifornians speak Spanish as afirst or sec ond Ian guage.那就是今天有超过40%的加 利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。That is why .那就是.的原因”。他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不 得不辍学的原因。He is addicted to comp

12、utergames,andthat is why he has to dropout of school.3.lt is believed that before longthe mix of n ati on alities will be sogreat that there will be no disti netmajor racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of manyraces and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种 国籍的混合将会非常之大，以It is believed that .“人们认为/相信.,其构

13、成为：It+be+过去分词+that从句。人们认为澳大利亚的历史始于18世纪末期。It is believed that Australianhistory bega n at the end of theeightee nth cen tury.至于不可能存有一种明显的、 主要的种族或文化群体，而仅 仅多种族、多文化的混合体。背原句明句式学仿写I.However, it is likely that NativeAmerica ns were livi ng inCalifornia at least fifteen thousa ndyears ago.it is likely that

14、.“有可台匕”冃匕。对我们学生来说参观长城有 可能是一次难忘的经历。lt_is_likely_that_a visit to theGreat Wall for us stude nts is an、句式一一在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通1.majorityn.绝大部分；大半(1)a/the majority of .绝大部分in the/a majority占多数(2)minority n.少数in the/a mi nority占少数(3)major n.&v.主修；专业major in主修；以为专业四、知识链接I.I.重点单词So, let us assume that histor

15、ical build ings are both attractive and importa nt to the_ major) ofpeople.(2019安徽高考)所以，我们能够设想历史建筑物对于绝大部分人来说既有吸引力又很重要。2An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _ (be) against it.看来达成协议是不可能了，因为绝大部分委员会成员表示反对。3I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and maj

16、ored _ information management.我毕业于重庆师范大学信息管理专业。名师指津the/a majority of+名词，表示 绝大部分”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。2 2. electelect vt.vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人(1) elect sb. (as/to be)+职位=be elected+职位(职位前无冠词)(2) electi on n.选举1Don ald Trump_ (elect) as the new preside nt of the Un ited States.唐

17、纳德 特朗普被选为美国的新任总统。2If I am lucky eno ugh to win the_ (elect), the first thi ng I will do is to en rich our stude ntsafter- classactivities.如果我充足幸运能赢得选举，我要做的第一件事就是丰富学生的课外活动。3He_the compa ny, and the n ews came, in fact, as a surprise.他被选为公司的主席，实际上，这个消息一出来就给人们一个惊讶。3 3. byby meansmeans ofof 通过；用 .办法；借助于

18、by this means用这种方法by all mea ns当然能够；没问题by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)1Only_is it possible to persuade him out of smok ing.只有用这种方法才能说服他不抽烟。2Furthermore, puni shme nt is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up men tally and physically.TFurthermore, by no means_a wise choice to help them gr

19、ow up men tally and physically.此外，惩罚绝不是一个协助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。3Every possible means_ (have) bee n tried, but none worked.每种可能的方法都试过了，但是没有一种起作用的。4 4. hirehire n n.& & vt.vt.租用；雇用(1)o n hire出租for hire可供出租(2)hire sth. out (to sb.)把租出去(给某人)1There are many bicycles _ hire in this area.这地方有很多自行车出

20、租。2There are three small boats available _ hire.这里有三只可供出租的小船。3David used to hire his car_ sometimes when he didn t need it himself.大卫过去常常在自己不用车时把车租出去。6 6. occuroccur vi.vi.发生；出现sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事1Along with your wo

21、n derful inno vati on, you n eed to hand in a report, expla ining how the idea occurs _ you andwhat materials you use. (2019辽宁高考书面表达)除了你奇妙的创意作品外，你还需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。2But it_ (=occurred to) me that one shouldn t lose heart when in trouble.但是我突然想到一个人在陷入困境时不应该失去信心。3Didn t it occur to you_

22、(phone) them about it?关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？7 7. makemake a a lifelife 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生(1)make/earn a/ones living谋生(2)live/lead a .life过着生活come (back) to life苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring .back to life使苏醒过来；给活力Happy is the man who can make a livi ng (=) by his hobby.以爱好谋生的人是幸福的。2She had to look for part- time bab

23、ysitt ing jobs these years_ (make) a livi ng.这些年来为了谋生，她不得不去找当临时保姆的活儿。3When Alice_ she did not know how long she had bee n lying there.当爱丽丝醒来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久。8.8. taketake inin 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留一词多义写出下列句中take in的含义1The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night._2While readi ng popular scie nee boo

24、ks, we can take in more basic knowledge._3The Un ited Kin gdom takes in En gla nd, Wales, Scotia nd and Norther n Irela nd. _4Lack ing n ecessary social experie nee, tee nagers tend to be take n in by ill people._5Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words. _t

25、ake off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下take on表现；雇用；承担take over接收；接管；取代take up占去；占据；开始从事take dow n拿下；写下；记下take back收回；取回There will be many challe nges ahead, but I have con fide nee that I ll_ the burde n. （2019天津高考书面表达）即使前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。9.9. indicateindicatevt.t.指出；标示；表明；暗示（1）作指出；指示”讲时，后面经常接名词。作表明；象征”讲时，后面能够接名词或宾语从句，即

26、indicateF n./（that）（3）indication n.暗示；表示；预兆1I asked him where the new school was and he_ the road ahead.我问他新校在哪里，他指给我前面那条路。2His attitude_ he is not very happy with what you are doing.他的态度表明他对你的所作所为很不高兴。3He_ his willi ngn ess with a nod of his head.他点头表示愿意。keep an eye on sth.照看；密切注视keep onehead/word保

27、持冷静/履行诺言keep the law守法keep away from远离；不接触keep back阻止；扣留keep behind使留下来keep to坚持； 遵守； 信守；沿着 走keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续下去keep in touch with与.保持联系keep pace with与.同步前进keep up with跟上 保人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上（形势）keep track of追踪；知道；理解keepout （of sth.）不让. 进入（某处）keepfrom （doing） sth.使. 不做某事keep sth. i n mi n

28、d把. 记在心上11.11.介词 in/ofin/of 后接 whatwhat 引导的宾语从句1Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,no one really knows.（教材P2）最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。2Two centuries later,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast ofwhat we

29、 now call the United States.（教材P2）两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的绝大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区1010 . . keepkeep upup 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）；使不下降；继续1_ the struggle till you succeed.继续战斗直到你们取得胜利。2（2019全国卷n） The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would_il stationssignedoff for the night.当我把电视搬到家的时候

30、，电视播放得很顺利，以至于我让它一直开着，直到电视台晚上停播。3（2019陕西卷）There can be a busy executive who fights to_ his schedule.可能会有一个忙碌的高级管理人员努力地坚持着自己的计划。4（2019山东卷）She asked Ann if she could_ the dog.她问安是否能够帮忙照看一下她的狗。住下来。【句式点拨】what在句中引导宾语从句，表示所指的事保物）;what可用来引起主语从句，表语从句或动词/介词后的宾语从句。【经典例句】? What he says is very reas on able.他说的话

31、很合理。? Thats what I hope.这是我所希望的。As a friend of yours,I want to tell you_作为朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的事情。I dont care about money or about_我不关心钱，也不关心人们所谓的地位。3. comfortable adj.舒适的12.12. ItIt isis likelylikely thatthat 很可能.However,it is likely that Native America ns were livi ng in Califor nia at least fiftee n thou

32、sa nd years ago.(教材P2)不过，土著美国人有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。【句式点拨】It is likely that意为“是可能的”， 本句式中it为形式主语， 真正的主语为that从句。likely能够 用possible,probable来替换，仅仅probable可能性大些。此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能干某事，但不能用sb.s possible/ probable to do sth.。【经典例句】1_,in many schools,the students are going to spend

33、 less time in doing homework than they usedto.在很多学校学生做作业的时间很可能比从前少。2_the weather will be fine.=The weather is_ .天气可能会很晴朗。13.13. whywhy 引导的表语从句 仃 hishis isis whywhy) )That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second Ianguage.(教材P2)这就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。【句式点拨

34、】(1) This/That is why为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为这/那就是为什么 .”，用来表示原因。(2) Thats because意为这是因为 .”，because从句表示原因时，只可用在“It/This/Thatis/was后”。(3) The reason whyis/was that-意为“. 的原因是 .，此句型结构中表语从句常用that引导，而不用because,即：当主句中有reason或why时只可用that1_it is possible to produce more food on the same amount of land.这就是为什么能够在同样面积土地

35、上生产出更多食物。2Tom came late for the meeti ng._ e was ill.汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。3_Tom came late for the meeti ng_ e was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。五、话题词汇狂背(三十六)相关单词1. digital adj.数字的；数码的2. convenient adj.方便的4. n ewly-desig ned adj.新设计的5. practical adj.实际的6. ben eficial adj.受益的7. helpfuladj.有协助的8. con fide nt adj.自信的9.

36、mach ine n.机器10. satisfaction n.满意；满足11. computer n.电脑12. desire n.渴望，希望，要求13. fictio n n.小说14. milesto ne n.里程碑15. obey vt. & vi.顺从，服从16. design vt.设计17. appreciate vt.欣赏18. control vt.控制；管理19. envy vt.嫉妒；羡慕20. program vt.为（计算机）编制程序相关短语1. persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事2. even though即便，即使3. sugg

37、est doing sth.建议做.4. a newly-designed robot一个新设计的机器人5. test out考验，试验6. en able sb. to do sth.使.能做7. gain a PhD获得博士学位8. ben efit from.从.受益9. of great use很有用10. en courage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事11. come into being出现，产生我不关心钱，也不关心人们所谓的地位。3. comfortable adj.舒适的12. put into use投入实践13. achieve great success

38、大获成功14. have a gift for/be gifted in有着 的天赋15. be well known for因为.而出名16. be famous at home and abroad享誉国内夕卜17. be convenient for sb.对某人来说方便18. with the developme nt of scie nee and tech no logy随着科学技术的发展19. play a more and more important part in sth.在.起着越来越重要的作用20. have sb. doing sth.允许某人做某事（尤用于疑问句和否

39、定句）相关句型1. This kind of mach ine is programmed and con trolled by a computer. Once you press the butt on it will startwash ingdishes for you.这种机器是由电脑控制的，只要你按下按钮，它就能够帮你清洗碗碟了。2. In order to celebrate their twentieth wedding anniversary,he suggested that they both ask for one day leave andhave a roma ntic can dlelight dinner.为了庆祝他们二十年瓷婚，他建议他们两人都休一天假来一个浪漫的烛光晚餐。3. It was not until Na ncy