英语语言学试题集锦

1、试题（一）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are _.(      )  A. gradable opposites      B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms  D. synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European lang

2、uage family began with the work of the British scholar    .(      )  A. Jacob Grimm      B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp      D. Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use

3、as _.(      )  A. unusual          B. something to be feared C. abnormal        D. natural4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their sp

4、eech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible.(      )  A. Broca's aphasic      B. The linguistic deprivation  C. The damage on the angular gyrus      D. Wernicke's apha

5、sic5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:    .(      )  A. They cannot pronounce/n/        B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongu

6、e  C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method  D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _word.(      )  A. a polysemous    B. a synonymous    C. an abnormal    D.

7、 a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is _.(      )  A. informative    B. phatic    C. directive    D. performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British Engli

8、sh are in _ and vocabulary.(      )  A. usage          B. grammar      C. pronunciation      D. structure9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical

9、space.(      )A. Linguistic geography      B. Lexicology C. Lexicography    D. Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.(      )  A. +animate, +male, +human,

10、 -adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult  C. +animate, -male, +human, -adult D. +animate, -male, +human, +adultII、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。)11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f_ before they can do anything else.

11、12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s_ rules.    13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme.    14. A c_ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word

12、, such as "and", "but", "or".    15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s_ .  16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C_ principle propo

13、sed by J. Grice.    17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t_ across generations.    18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s_  attitude connoted

14、in the language that is sexist.    19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "s_ speech," and speech as "overt thought." In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously.   

15、 20. I_ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。)判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。(      )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.(    

16、60; )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.(      )23.A compound is the combination of only two words.(      )24.“The student” in the sentence “The stud

17、ent liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category. (      )25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations whil

18、e linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.(    )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition

19、is still true.(      )27.The division of English  into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.(      )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene;

20、 but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.(      )29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.(      )30.When children learn to dis

21、tinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。)31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)32.phonic medium of

22、language33.voicing34.inflectional morphemes35.reference36.locutionary tolanguage38.ethnic dialect39.registers40.acculturation五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among

23、linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42. Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production.试题（一）参考答案一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.B      2.D      3.D    &

24、#160; 4.D      5.B    6.A      7.B      8.C      9.A      10.B一、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)   11、facts         &#

25、160;    12、sequential       13、free        14、coordinate     15、semantics 16、Cooperative    17、transmission   18、social     19、subvocal  

26、60;     20、Interlanguage二、判断改错题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)    21.F      The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention.    22.T 23.F      Some compounds contain more than two words.

27、60;   24.T    25.F      It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions "morning star" and " evening star." They refer to the same star but differ in sense

28、.    26.T 27.F      The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary.    28.T 29.T    30.F      Children first acquire the sounds found in

29、 all languages of the world, no matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the " more difficult" sounds.四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分)    31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language,

30、but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt.    32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e.the speech sounds.  

31、0; 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English.    35.Reference is what a linguistic form re

32、fers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, "The dog is barking," we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word "dog" refers to in

33、 this particular situation is the reference of the word "dog".    36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. For example, by saying "You have left the

34、 door wide open",the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean.    37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identify

35、ing and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages.    38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social

36、isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation.    39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, reg

37、isters are also known as situational dialects.    40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分)    41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree

38、0; has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.        For

39、example, the phrase " the old men and women" may have two interpretations, i.e.the adjective "old”may modify the noun "men", or the following two nouns "men and women".Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or

40、tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.                     NP     

41、                         NP          NP                NP

42、60;               NP                NP     The old men      and        the

43、women  the old men  and    the old women    42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis, language use in terms of perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers.  

44、; When we speak,words are drawn from Wernicke's area and transferred to Broca's area, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words.   When

45、we hear something and try to comprehend it, the stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke's area,where it is then interpreted.   When we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus, where it is converted into a visual pattern.  试题（二）I. 选择

46、题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个选项中选择一个或几个符合题目要求的选项，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。1. “I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of _.  A. arbitrariness B. creativity C. duality D. displacement2. Which of the following statements is t

47、rue of Jacobsons framework of language functions?  A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.  B. The emotive function is to convey message and information.  C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.  D. The phatic functi

48、on is to establish communion with others.3. “Dont end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _ rules.  A. prescriptive       B. descriptive     C. transformational    D. functional4. According to G. B. Shaws ri

49、dicule of English orthography, the non-existent word ghoti can be pronounced in the same way as _.  A. goat      B. hot                C. fish        

50、       D. foot5. Which of the following is the correct description of v?  A. voiceless labiodental fricative                     B. voiced labiodental fricative 

51、; C. voiceless labiodental stop                    D. voiced labiodental stop6. Traditional grammar sees a sentence as _.  A. a sequence of morphemes B. a sequence of clauses  C. a sequence of wo

52、rds D. a sequence of phrases7. In todays grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future tense.” This is because in English _.  A. the future is not expressed by morphological change  B. the future can be expressed in many ways  C. the future belongs to the category of “a

53、spect”  D. the future is expressed by modal verbs.8. A major difference of the various models of generative grammar lies in where the _ component is positioned.  A. base B. transformational C. semantic D. phonological9. _ is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing

54、 it refers to.  A. Connotative B. Denotative C. Affective D. Reflected 10. Which of the following are gradable antonyms?  A. good : bad B. male : femaleC. young : old D. buy : sell二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form

55、 a complete statement,q_or command.12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_.13.Utterance is based on _  _ ;it is  the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is t

56、he same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either  v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_.三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.(      )17.Tense and reference

57、 are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.(      )18.Linguistics is the course of language.(      )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.(  

58、60;   )20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.(      )21.The term dialect, as a technical term in linguistics, carries value judgment and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.(      )22.Morphology is t

59、ranslated as 形态学。(      )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.(      )24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.(      )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.(    

60、  )四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)26.general linguistics27.suprasegmental features28.root and stem29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contrastive analysis五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the followi

61、ng sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.  (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.  (2)He saw young men and women present.  (3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.   37.Decide the

62、meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.  re- un-   anti- super-  -wise   -itis   -ize -age试题（二）参考答案一、选择题(每小题2分，共20分)   1. D   2. D       3. A   4. C    5. B11. C  12. A

63、BD   13. C   14. B   15. AC二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)    11.words question 12.social groups 13.sentence meaning 14.polyglot    15.voiceless  voiced  voiced三、判断说明题(每小题2分，共20分)    16.T 17.F(Sense and reference)   

64、; 18.F(scientific study of language) 19.F(finite verb)    20.F(diachronic) 21.F(no value judgement)    22.T 23.T 24.F(morpheme) 25.F(one of the parts)四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)    26.The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.  

65、;  27.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.    28.The base form of a word; the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.    29.The sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic

66、categories of each structural constituent, such as NP and VP.    30.The words of a language are labels of the objects they stand for; a linguistic form is linked through concepts to what it refers to.    31.Do not say what you believe to be false or without adequate evi

67、dent; Avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity, be brief and orderly.    32.A process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words.    33.A variety of languages used by a social class.    34.Thought when it is close to language.  &

68、#160; 35.A comparative procedure to establish linguistic differences between languages for teaching purposes.五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)    36.(1)the hunters are shooting; the hunters are shot;      (2)young men and young women; young men and (not young) women 

69、60;    (3)the president appoints others; the president is appointed.    37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganize        un-: not, reverse, e.g. unhappy, unlock        anti-: against, anti- drug, anti-imperi

70、alism        super- greater than usual, e.g. superpower, superman        -wise: in the manner of, e.g. clockwise, moneywise  -itis: infection. e.g. bronchitis, arthritis   -ize: make into, e.g. realize, modernize -a

71、ge: process. e.g. mileage, linkage试题（三） I. Multiple ChoiceDirections: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1. The study of language development over a

72、period of time is generally termed as _linguistics.A. applied      B. diachronic     C. comparative     D. synchronic2.The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by _.A. Bloomfield    B. Saussure

73、0;     C. Chomsky         D. J. Searle3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?    A.p    B.m    C.b      D.t4. The words“make” and “bus” are called _because they can occur unattached.A. derivational morphemes  &#