短文改错解题技巧

1、英语十大词类英语十大词类词类词类名称名称句法作用句法作用词形变化词形变化实实词词名词名词Noun (n.)表示人或事物的表示人或事物的名称名称1.有单数名词和复数名词、不可数名词有单数名词和复数名词、不可数名词和可数名词之分。和可数名词之分。2.复数名词变化形式多样；复数名词变化形式多样；3.另有少数单、复数形式相同或变形较特另有少数单、复数形式相同或变形较特殊的名词。殊的名词。4. 有所有格形式有所有格形式“s”.代词代词Pronoun(prop.)代替名词，形容代替名词，形容词，数词等词，数词等代词分为：人称、物主、反身、相互、指代词分为：人称、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、连接、不定、关

2、系代词九大类。示、疑问、连接、不定、关系代词九大类。数词数词Numeral(num.)表示数目和顺序表示数目和顺序绝大多数序数词由基数词加绝大多数序数词由基数词加the构成。构成。动词动词Verb(v.)表示动作或状态表示动作或状态一般有原形、过去式、过去分词、不定式、一般有原形、过去式、过去分词、不定式、ving式（动名词和现在分词）等形式。式（动名词和现在分词）等形式。形容词形容词Adjective (adj.)修饰名词，表示修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质人或事物的性质和特征和特征1.有原级，比较级，最高级的词形变化。有原级，比较级，最高级的词形变化。2.有有10来个形容词和副词的变形较特殊

3、。来个形容词和副词的变形较特殊。副词副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词，用来修饰动词，形容词或副词形容词或副词有比较级和最高级的词形变化。有比较级和最高级的词形变化。虚虚词词冠词冠词Article (art.)表示事物的表示事物的泛指或特泛指或特指，限制指，限制名词的意义名词的意义a在元音开头的词在元音开头的词前时改为前时改为an,“只看音素只看音素（标），不看字母（标），不看字母”。介词介词Preposition (prep.)表示名词或表示名词或代词和其他代词和其他词的关系词的关系主要与名词类词语构成介词主要与名词类词语构成介词词组；与名词、形容词、动词组；与名词、形容词、动词构成千

4、千万万的惯用搭配词构成千千万万的惯用搭配和灵活搭配。和灵活搭配。连词连词Conjunction(conj.)连接词与词、连接词与词、短语与短短语与短语、句和句语、句和句无无感叹感叹词词Interjection(interj.)表示说话的表示说话的感情和语气感情和语气无无 短文改错短文改错 解题技巧解题技巧Whats the main trouble when correcting a composition?1. 看不出句子是否有看不出句子是否有错。错。2. 看出句子出错的地方看出句子出错的地方, 但无法改正。但无法改正。3. 知道改正句子错误的地方知道改正句子错误的地方, 但答案不正确。但答

5、案不正确。1. 浏览全文，掌握大意。浏览全文，掌握大意。Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .2. 分句阅读，逐行找错。分句阅读，逐行找错。Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.3. 检查核对，攻克难点检查核对，攻克难点Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones.4. 规范答题，不超十个。规范答题，不超十个。2006-20

6、10高考高考短文改错错题考点分布统计表短文改错错题考点分布统计表动词动词名名词词冠冠词词形副形副词词代代词词连连词词介介词词时态时态非谓语非谓语200612012111200710112112200812111102200912111012201021211101项目项目年份年份 测试点分布测试点分布 词法词法句法句法行文逻辑行文逻辑 1、名词、名词 2、动词、动词 3、代词、代词 4、冠词冠词 5、介词、介词 6、形容词、副词、形容词、副词动词动词形形，名词名词数数还要注意还要注意形形和和副副代词代词格格，细领悟，细领悟介词短语介词短语须关注须关注冠词连词冠词连词常光顾常光顾短文改错口诀：短

7、文改错口诀：非谓语非谓语，细辨别，细辨别句子成分句子成分多分析多分析习惯逻辑习惯逻辑要记住要记住句法句法行文逻辑行文逻辑请先念一遍请先念一遍咒语吧咒语吧一、动词一、动词形形 1.1.动词的动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误错误. . 高考链接高考链接1： However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday. (2011 全国）全国）flew Growing up is not easy. Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.（20

8、08 全国）全国）needed 2. 主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误的错误.高考链接高考链接: : I stayed there for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl were all right. (2009 全国卷全国卷2) was Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. (2013 浙江浙江) are3. 3. 非谓语动词非谓语动词 错误错误高考链接高考链接: :

9、 I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.（2011新课标全国卷）新课标全国卷）buying I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building. (2011陕西卷陕西卷)disappointedSolution(1) 通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律旋律 .(2) 结合语境，灵活运用时态形式结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(2) 仔细审查，主语管制仔细审查，主语管制 .(3)

10、 认真推敲，准确把握谓语与非谓语认真推敲，准确把握谓语与非谓语.(4) 格外审视，主动语态与被动语态的格外审视，主动语态与被动语态的混用，尤其被动语态中分词的词形混用，尤其被动语态中分词的词形.5. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which will not be served drunklikes excitingHaving1.Not only the students but also the teacher like the film. 2. When they ca

11、me here, I will show them.3. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 4. I found the game excited and my dad explained the rules. practicepracticecome_二、名词二、名词数数 指指名词单、名词单、复数形式复数形式及可数名词与及可数名词与不可数名词不可数名词的用法错误的用法错误。高考链接高考链接2：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.（2

12、011新课标全国卷）新课标全国卷）luggage In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady, around three per weeks.(2011辽宁卷）辽宁卷）week Its a shame to break your words. You should mean what you say.word1. 理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。系。2. 记清一些固定词组中名词的特殊用法记清一些固定词组中名词的特殊用法 。3. 根据语境辨别名词单复数根据语境辨别名词单复数

13、Solutionchange/ changes,word/ words, experience/ experiences, 1.Dont lose hearts, youll be successful in time. 2.I need some more informations. 3.These machines look the same,but they are of different kind. 4. There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them. heartinformat

14、ionkindspracticepractice绝不可数绝不可数名词名词progress, furniture, weather, fun, news, information, adviceequpmentfriends三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 形容词和副词的误用形容词和副词的误用高考链接高考链接3： When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.（2011 浙江卷）浙江卷）slowlyI got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I

15、felt very proudly of myself. (2007浙江浙江)proudHe has a comfortable room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. (2009 陕西卷陕西卷)patient. 解题策略解题策略(1) 熟知形容词和副词的句法功能熟知形容词和副词的句法功能 .(2) 理清短文中形容词和副词比较理清短文中形容词和副词比较 等级的等级的关系关系 .(3) 结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词词.修饰修饰名词名词、bebe动词、系动词动词、系动词要用要用形容词；

16、形容词；修饰修饰动词动词、形容词、整个句子、形容词、整个句子用用副词；副词；The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected.(2009陕西）陕西）faster2 2Adj./advAdj./adv级的混用或误用级的混用或误用. . 1. He asked angry if we had finished the work. 2. Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from mine. 3. His father looks much m

17、ore happier today.angrily clear 4. So I grateful accepted the offer. gratefullypracticepractice四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别高考链接高考链接4：2007浙江卷：浙江卷： I could not to run very fast and fell behind.2007宁夏卷：宁夏卷：Li Meng came see me every day. to 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，动名词在分词、过去分词，动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误

18、。So I helped them going to the nearest hospital. (2009全国卷全国卷2)goMy classmate, Joseph, is at present in hospital with a breaking leg. (2009陕西卷陕西卷)broken(1) 纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句作的句子成分子成分.(2) 系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3) 前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握 .解题策略解题策略Note:(1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(

19、2) 非谓语动词之间的混用非谓语动词之间的混用.(3) 在并列结构中谓语与非谓语动词的误用在并列结构中谓语与非谓语动词的误用. 1)My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.to 2)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.talking 3) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple Englis

20、h.visited 4) Some students may also to save up for our college or future use. practice 5) Im writing to invite you to visit china and spending the summer vacation with me. spend五、代词五、代词格，格，细领悟细领悟3. it3. it作形主、形宾或指代时有缺漏作形主、形宾或指代时有缺漏 (make, find, think) 高考链接高考链接5：1. With the help of Katia, a roommate

21、of me (2011 重庆卷）重庆卷）mine2. It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begin to understand (2010 辽宁卷）辽宁卷）3. He found difficult to learn math well.ourit1. 1. 人称代词，物主代词人称代词，物主代词, ,反身代词的使用反身代词的使用2. 2. 代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误. .4. After thinking for some time, I let her co

22、py my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office.both4. both, all, either, neither, none的使用的使用.解题策略解题策略(1) 顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代代关系，注意联系上下文。关系，注意联系上下文。(2) 系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法的各种用法 . (3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用用。 2. I was learning to express me in simple Engl

23、ish. 3. I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 4. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. myselfeverythingit1. Some students may also save up for our college or future use .theirpracticepractice 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主

24、要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。in Sunday afternoon catch a sight oflose my heart in hurry aon六、介词短语需关注六、介词短语需关注 1 1. .主要考查主要考查固定短语，固定介词固定短语，固定介词的搭配。的搭配。高考链接高考链接6： There was one on particular Id really wanted.(2011 浙江卷浙江卷)2.2.不定式后的动词短语中介词不能省不定式后的动词短语中介词不能省3 3.时间状语前有指示代词时间状语前有指示代词this, thatthis, that或或one

25、, one, next,lastnext,last等修饰时不用介词等修饰时不用介词. . inHe had only a small cold room to live.inHe paid a visit to his grandfather on that afternoon.Solution:平平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆一些固定搭配的记忆 . practicepractice1. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 2. At last we reached t

26、o the village at the foot of the hill.3. When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food .4. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.atforon连词连词butbut，andand，or, soor, so和和althoughalthough的的逻辑性用法错误逻辑性用法错误高考链接高考链接7：七七、冠词、连词冠词、连词常光顾常光顾He was righ

27、t here in the front of me. (2011陕西卷）陕西卷）I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor. (2011新课标卷）新课标卷）. . 冠词冠词a,ana,an和和thethe的用法错误的用法错误and错用错用and与与but ， 勿连勿连so与与bucause， Although不与不与but连，连， 肯是肯是and，否是否是or。 2007浙江卷：浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot. 2007四川卷：四川卷： He thought the poor animal was injured, but the kind farmer took off his jacket and put on the animal. whenand / so 八、句子成分八、句子成分多分析多分析，习惯逻辑习惯逻辑要记住要记住1. I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitche