英语高一牛津版必修ii unit 3词汇详解

1、英语高一牛津版必修II Unit 3词汇详解1. curse n. & v(1) n. 诅咒（祈天惩罚，伤害或毁灭某物或某人）be under a 因被诅咒而受灾祸Our tribe is under a curse.我们的部族正遭天谴。lay a curse upon sb.诅咒人祸因，祸源Foxes are a curse to farmers. 狐狸是农民的一种祸害。(2) v. 诅咒,咒骂他咒骂那个偷他皮夹的人。He cursed the man who had stolen his wallet.2. explore v. 勘探,考察; 探索, 探究 They explored th

2、e land to the north of the Yellow River. 他们勘查了黄河以北的所有地区We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problemexplorer n. 探索者; 勘探者; 探测器an Arctic explorer 北极探险家exploration n. 勘探,考察oil exploration 石油勘探3 adventurous adj (人)有冒险精神的(事)充满危险的，惊险的 那是一次惊险的旅行。 That is journey. 她的生活方式充满刺激。 She liv

3、es in lifestyle. 她不够胆大。 She isnt adventurous enough. adventurous pioneers 富有冒险精神的开拓者adventure n. 冒险; 惊险活动; 奇遇; 冒险性(经历)adventures in the mountainsAll the children are listening to his adventures of travelling in Africa4 bright adj. The leaves on the trees are bright green in spring.bright red鲜艳的Dont

4、be so bad about your future. You should see the bright side of things. The doctor has a bright future before him. 乐观的；前途光明的His teacher didnt think Edision bright. 聪明的；伶俐的She gave me a bright smile. 生气勃勃的；愉快的 The sun is brighter than the moon. 闪光的；明亮的；发光的5 curious adj. 好奇的，求知欲强的 be curious about sth

5、,对(某事物)感到好奇be curious to do很想(做); 渴望(做be curious that Children are naturally about everything around them小孩子会自然地对周围每一件事感到好奇。It is good to be curious about the world around youIm curious to know what they are talking about. 我很想知道他们在谈论什么。Im curious how he will deal with it.我很想知道他如何处理这事的。 奇特的，难以解释的 It

6、is/ was curious that 真奇怪，他不辞而别。It is curious that he left without saying goodbye. 好管闲事的curious neighborscuriosity n. 好奇（心）；珍品He is full of curiosity. 他充满了好奇心curiously adv. curiosity n6.set sail 启航，开船 have / take a sailset sail (from/for) : to begin a trip by sea启程去某地Columbus set sail from barcelona

7、for india in 1492. Zheng he set sail for the west seven times between 1405 and 1433. Early in the morning, the ship set sail for Africago for a sail its real fun to go for a sail in the mediterranean. go sailingThey set sail southwardsail vi. & vt. 航行; 驾船; 乘船His ship sails today. 他的船今天航行She sailed t

8、he boat without any help7. gold/golden8. preserve vt.1) 保护，保存(使免受破坏)preserve sth.(from) 保护以免.I think the interesting old customs should be preserved.The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies2) 维护,保持(状况不变),保养We must our eyesight. 我们必须保护视力preserve public order维护公共秩序preserve the world pea

9、ceHe has managed to his independence. 他设法保持住自己的独立性。You look well preserved你看起来保养得很好3)腌制,保存(食物)Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于保存食物。You can preserve meat or fish in salt.你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。preserved fruit蜜饯well-preserved mummies保存很好的木乃伊9.discovery nMake a discoveryRecently scientists have made an important di

10、scovery about bird flu.The discovery of oil by China in the East Sea made the Japanese very jealous.discoverer n 发现者10riches: wealth Which do you think is more valuable, health or riches?So riches mean nothing to you when you are ill. be rich in 盛产，丰富Oranges are rich in vitamin C.jewel: often used i

11、n its plural form- jewelsShe is too poor to buy jewels/jewellery. People usually buy jewels at the jewellers. jewellery: u.n Gold jewllery is no longer in fashion now. 11 as well as和,也,不仅而且He gave me money as well as adviceHe gave me advice, and money as wellThe children are adventurous as well as b

12、rightThe children are bright, and adventurous as well.as well as 除以外还; 和一样也The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday.(谓语动词与前面的那个保持人称和数一致)We expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.（若连接两个不定式，如第一个带有to,则第二个就不带to）She sings and paints as well as playing the pian

13、o.not onlybut alsoNot only the teacher but also the students wish for a holiday.12.empty adj. & vt. to remove everything that is in a container1) adj. 空的;I looked into the classroom but I found it empty.Therere two empty seats in the room.空洞的,空虚的, 无意义的空谈, 废话empty talk空洞的诺言empty promises空虚的生活an empty

14、 life2)vt. to remove everything that is in a container弄空, 饮干, 搬腾, 倒空empty a glass干杯, 喝干empty a house搬空房屋The police made him empty his pockets of everything.警察叫他把口袋里的东西都掏出来Dont forget to empty the waste paper basket classroom after cleaning the classroom every day.empty sth. of sth. I emptied my hand

15、bag of everything, but still couldnt find my keyempty-handed 空手的，徒手的empty-headed 愚蠢的，无脑筋的adj. 出席的，在场的（做表语或后置定语）be present atAll the students present at the meeting are from class 5.现在的，现存的（做前置定语）the present government/ tensen. /preznt/ = gift 礼物；目前，现在They exchange presents at Christmas. at present H

16、e is in Shanghai at present. for the presentI cant remember it for the present.vt. /prizent/ 赠与，交给，呈递present the village with a new librarypresent a new library to the village出现，出席present oneself at a friends housepresent oneself for exam n. 巧合，碰巧, 巧合的事What a coincidence! 多么巧合啊Its a coincidence that

17、是巧合(偶然by coincidence= by chance碰巧， 由于巧合coincident adj. 同时发生的；巧合的;一致的15.disturb v. 打扰，扰乱disturb the early morning打破清晨的宁静disturb the minds of the people扰乱人心disturb the peace扰乱平静Do not disturb请勿打扰She has disturbed his plans for going abroad. 她打乱了他出国的全部计划。A light wind disturbed the surface of the water微

18、风拂动水面。He was disturbed to hear her illness. (make someone worry) Dont disturb the papers on my desk. (move something or change its position) vi. 产生，发生，导致If the police leave, disorder will resultresult from 产生于，由引起His failure resulted from not working hard enoughresult inmake something happen; cause;

19、 lead to引起，导致；以为结局Heavy rains may result in floodingThe earthquake in tangshan in 1976 resulted in more than 240,000 deaths and 160,000 injuries.His careless speech resulted in much argument.他的过于草率的发言引来许多争议.The quarrel resulted in his mother leaving the home.n. 结果；效果the football resultswithout resul

20、t毫无结果地as a result ( of ) 作为(的)结果His father liked smoking. As a result, he died of lung cancer last year. 他父亲喜欢抽烟, 因此, 去年死于肺癌He died of lung last year as a result of smoking17.certain be sure；be certain的用法辨析be sure /be certain意为“相信”、“确信”、“对有把握”。用法如下： “Be sure/certain of/about+名词动名词”。表示当事人（句子主语）的肯定看法，

21、句子主语必须是人。如：Im sure/certain of his coming.我相信他一定来。Were certain/sure about winning the game.我们一定会赢得这次比赛。 “Be sure/certain to do sth.”。指说话人的判断或推测。句子的主语可以是人，也可以是物。如：He is sure/certain to come.他一定回来。Its sure/certain to rain tomorrow.天一定回下雨。“Be sure/certain + that-clause”。表示说话人的看法，主语必须是人。主句谓语通常为肯定式。若主句谓语为

22、否定式，that需换成whetherr/if.如：Im sure/certain he is honest.我相信他是诚实的。Im not sure/certain whether he is honest.我不敢肯定他是否诚实。 “be sure/certain + wh-clause”或“be sure/certain + 疑问词动词不定式”。 表示说话人的看法，主语必须是人。主句谓语常用于否定式或疑问式。如：Im not sure/certain where she lives.我不敢肯定她住哪儿。Are you sure/certain who she is?你能确信她是谁吗？Im n

23、ot sure/certain what to do next.我不知道下步该做什么。It作形式主语，将主语从句后置时，一般不用sure,而用certain.如：It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功的。在祈使句中，一般用be sure,而不用certain.如：Be sure to write to me as soon as you get there.你一到达那里，务必给我写信18.pay off(1) 使人得益，有报偿.（尤指冒险的计划或行动）成功，奏效，达到目的，回报His patience and hard work finally pa

24、id off with a gold medal.他的耐心和刻苦最终使他赢得了金牌。Hard-working pays off in the long term. 长远看，辛勤劳动最终会有好结果It was a risk but it paid off. 这确实冒险，但有效果。(2) 还清Soon after he left school, he paid off all his debt.(3) （付清工资）后解雇pay sb. offThe boss paid off the employees.老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。(4) 付清工资They are usually paid of

25、f at weekends.他们一般在周末领工资。pay back 偿还；报复I am sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you.我敢肯定，他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。How can I pay you pack for all your kindness?我怎样报答你所有的好意呢？pay for 为付钱；赔偿；因受罚，因受痛苦We got to the hotel, and I paid for the taxi.我们到了旅馆，我付了出租汽车费。I have to pay 150 yuan for the sewing machine

26、.我得花150元买这台缝纫机。He paid dearly for his mistake.他为他的错误付出了高昂的代价。 vt. compare A to Bcompare A with BHe began to compare himself with the other students. Young people are compared to the rising sun. The poet compared his lover to a rose. compared with/to 与，作状语，可放于句首或句末 _the size of the whole world, the b

27、iggest ocean doesnt seem big. A. Compare B. when comparing C. Comparing D. When compared v表达，表现 express to sb, express oneself 我发觉难以表达我的感情。 她向我们致谢。 我无法用语言表达当时的感受。 他仍然不能用英语表达他的意思。 expression n 21. base n 基地，大本营，基础She used her familys story as a base of her novel.His arguments had a good economic base

28、. The air base was set up in 1980. base vt base sth. on/upon 建于之上；以为根据Judgment should be based on facts, not on hearsay.One should always base ones opinions on facts. I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.22.survive v vt. vi. 经历（灾难等）后还活着；在中幸存，生还下来；比长寿; Only one passenger survived the ter

29、rible car crash. 在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一个乘客生还。 Few buildings survived (after) the earthquake. 地震过后，所剩房屋寥寥无几。 The man survived in the desert for a week on biscuits and water. 那个人依靠饼干和水在沙漠里生存了一个星期。 The lady survived her son.（The son is survived by the mother.） 那位老妇人活过了她的儿子。（即他儿子都老死了，她还活着） 用法小结： survive sth. 在某

30、事后生存下来 survive sb. 活过某人 即时反馈练习： 1. _. 他的父母在那场事故中死亡了，但是他存活下来。 2. _ 很少人在那次剧院大火中生还。 答案： 1. His parents died in the accident, but he survived. 2. Few people survived the big fire in the theater.Survivor nSurvial n23warning nBecause of her warning, I was careful.warn v 英语里没有warn to do 的用法，只有warn of doing

31、 ,warn sb (not ) to do ,warn sb against sth/doing sth（1）I warned you not to buy that old car . 我劝你不要买那辆旧汽车。（2）They were warned not to climb the mountain is such bad weather . 有人劝诫他们不要在这么坏的天气去登那座山。 一、作副词用 1. 表示一次;一回,通常用在句末。如: We have been there once. 我们到过那儿一次。 Im going to tell him once. 我将告诉他一回。 2. 表

32、示曾经;一度;从前,常位于系动词be之后,行为动词之前.若表达过去有过某种经验和经历时,也可放在句首,作状语。如: This film was once very popular, but nobody sees it now. 这部影片一度很受欢迎,可是现在没有人看它了。 I once lived in the south of China. 我一度住在中国南方。 Once he worked in the factory. 他从前在那个工厂工作过。 3. 与not连用,表示一次也不;完全不,用于否定句,若位于句首,主谓用倒装语序。如: I couldnt once understand w

33、hat he meant. 我完全不能理解他的意思。 Not once did Mr Wang mention his feeling. 王先生从来没有提到过他的感受。 4.表示一旦,用于条件状语从句中。如: If you once lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well. 如果你一旦失去信心,就别想做好工作。 二、作名词用 表示一次;一回,作主语或宾语.如: Once is enough for me. 我一次就够了。 For once she was telling the truth. 她就这一回说了真话。 三

34、、作形容词用 表示曾一度的;从前的,作定语.如: This is the once capital of that nation. 这是那个国家的旧都. 四、作从属连词用 表示一旦就,引导时间状语从句,表示时间上的两个动作或两件事彼此紧接着发生,同时带有条件意味。若从句中的主语与主句主语相同,且谓语中含有be时,可以省略从句的主语和be。如: Once you have taken the examination, you will be able to relax. 你一旦考完试就可以轻松一下。 Once(it is)found, any mistake must be corrected.

35、 一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 含有once的短语 1. once upon a time表示从前,常用于故事的开头。如: Once upon a time there was a giant with two heads. 从前有个两头巨人。 2. all at once 表示突然。如: All at once, I remembered. 突然我记起来了。 3. at once表示马上;立刻。如: You must go to work at once. 你必须马上去上班。 4. once more 表示再一次,可用once over或once again替代。如: Would you

36、 please say it once more? 请您再说一遍好吗? 5. once or twice 表示几次。如: I made the same mistake once or twice. 同一错误我犯了好几次。一、prove作证明;证实解时1.prove+名词/代词He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作战中证明了他的勇气.This further proved the strength of our economy.这进一步证明了我们的经济实力.2.prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.)The difficult

37、y was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法.Can you prove your theory to us?你能向我们证实你的理论吗?3.prove+宾语+宾语补足语(1)形容词作宾语补足语They proved themselves wise and brave.他们证实自己机智、勇敢.(2)名词作宾语补足语He has proved himself a success.他已证明了自己是个成功者.(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语All this proved him to be an hon

38、est man.这一切都证明他是一个诚实的人.4.prove+宾语从句Can you prove where you were on May 10th?你能证实五月十日你在什么地方吗?二、prove作证明是;结果是;事实说明解时,用作连系动词,可用于以下句型: 1.prove+形容词The handbook proved most useful.这本手册证明很有用.The medicine proved satisfactory.结果证明这药疗效令人满意.2.prove+名词She proved a very strict teacher.结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师.His efforts, however, proved a failure.但他的努力结果都失败了.3.prove+介词短语或副词Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.也许这本书会对你的研究有用处. 4.prove+动词不定式As time went on, Einsteins theory pr