外研版高中英语必修三知识点-语法总结材料超全超值

1、实用标准文案必修三知识点汇总文档Module 1 Europe 重要短语： because of 因为 thanks to 由于； due to/owing to as a result of be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B多亏了由于由于的结果用B制成Amake A into B/be made ofcompare A with/and B 比较 A 和 compareto把比作一 .compared with/to与比较起来belong to increase(reduce) to/bywork on从事/做工作；忙

2、于have - in commonrefer to 参考/指的是/涉及/适用于have control over/of对,有控out of controlin the control of负责lose control of失去控制由一控制/管理/对失去控制制权Beyond control under control无法控制 被控制住have a population of口little by littlein one s thirties有多少人渐渐地in the long/short term就长 / 短期而言come to terms=make terms达成协议， 和好bring sb.

3、 to terms使某人接收条件in terms of根据/从方面来说/从的观点face to facealong the coastoff the coast在（离开海面的）海岸上be on good/bad terms with sb.好be faced with 面临，面对与某人交情好/不ever since 自从/一直 on the one /other hand方面/另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated inThere+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+坐落于 主有存在(be) opposite to 在对面，与相反 just t

4、he opposite恰恰相反keep a cool head保持头脑清醒lose one s head惊慌失措，失去理智head for 朝着前进get into a difficult situation况get out of a difficult situation状况save the situation挽回局势陷入困难的状摆脱困难的方向+of B方向+of B+方向+of B重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数2. Portugal is to t

5、he west of Spain.表示位置：A is/lies in/on/to/off the+A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+位置+距离：A is (about)+ 距离+ (to the in ,on 和to表地理方位的区别(1)表示A在B的范围内（2）之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如:院的西面。3. on the coast 和 off the coast强调A和B两地接壤时，用 on. (3)Our school is to the west of the hospital.A在B的范围 我们学校在医on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及

6、海岸等沿线上”4.表示倍数的四种句型：1 ) This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.2 ) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one;off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里。如:这座桥比那座桥长 3倍。这座桥是那座桥的 4倍长。3 ) A is times the size/length/width/height/depth of BThis room is 3 times the size of that one.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。4 ) A + v. -times as many/much

7、+ n.+ as B实用标准文案这个厂今年的汽车产量是make efforts/ an effort to do sth.费力地/毫不费力地get(be) close to 靠近，接近， 即将发生as a result of 由于as a result 结果result in 导致result from 由弓I起in/during the last ten years receive a good educationbe willing to do sth.make comparisons 作比较文档努力做某事spare no effortbe connected withat the top

8、 of /at the bottom oflive with 与.住/忍受up to直到/到为止/多达 make progress 进步 be similar to 与相似 encourage sb to do sthtake measures to do 采取措 施不遗余力 with/without effortbe crowded with充满,满是in exchange for交换achieve one s goal on a high/low income 高/ 低 收入income tax ( 个人)所得税with the development of under developme

9、nt 在发展中 figure out 算出/解决/理解/弄 明白The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year.去年的3倍。语法要求：一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态由“ be+及物动词的过去分词（+by） ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be形式，过去分词不变。现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are +过去分词过去时被动语态： was/ were +过去分词二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。注意：（1） so

10、mething, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。（2） 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, ratherthan, but, 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。3）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Early to bed and early to rise

11、 is healthful.5）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.6）谓语动词用单数的情况：many a ，more than one ，Every and every / , noand no /each and each one and a half , a - or two , a/the （ and）指同一人、事物或概念the number of a great deal of / a la

12、rge amount of2.意义一致原则。1） 一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：2）由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.3.邻近性原则。neither - nor, either - or, not only - but also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there, her

13、e引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。Module 2重要短语：agree to the plan （suggestion, proposal） 同意（建议，安排） measure sth in/by sth 用来 衡量agree with sb.同意某人的观点或看法，适合agree on/upon sth达成协议一致意见实用标准文案be up to=be fit for适合于胜任,share sth. with sb. 与某人分享share (in)sth. 共享life expectancy预期寿命；平均寿命重要句型：1.be be important to

14、 sb.of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable This dictionary is of great use. =usefulWhat he said is of importance for you. = important1.1. till：直到up to sth be fit for: 胜任 Li Ping is not up to his job.I be busy in doing sth : 忙着做be up to sb=be left to sb to decide:由决定 / 负责3.

15、sure1) make sure 表示务必，确信，弄明白，后面常接of/about sth. 或that引导的宾语从句。 Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time.你务必准时至 U这。I know there s a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time.2) be sure of, be sure that 对一有把握，对一确定，确信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? I m

16、sure of winning the game.3) be sure to do说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事He is sure to be back soon.他一定会很快回来。Be sure not to forget it.千万别忘了。注意： be sure of 与 be sure to do 的区另U：.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed.他确信他会成功。.He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。(说话人白看法).Be sure to write a

17、nd tell me all your news.务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure的确；确实地，sure enough 果真，果然。 用于口语，此时的“Sure.相当于Of course.与Certainly.。4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report.表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装，即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。At the foot of the mountain lies a small village.

18、 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了 出去。Here comes the bus. 车来 了。 (To the) south of our school stand many shops. 【部分倒装】only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首否定副词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首 so+adj/adv+( 倒装)+ that1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he retu

19、rned.)2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such a moving film before)3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that)5. S.+ be + adj. + to do easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult1) .The

20、water is not pure to drink (drink)2) .He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit )3) .The young man felt the room cold to live in (live)语法要求：1. but和however的联系和区别however作副词用时，表示“然而；但是”，可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首时，要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开；位于句中时，其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时其前用逗号分开however与but两者都做“但是，然而”讲,而且都引出并列句.从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比

21、转折的意味较 however要强.从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于句首、句中和句末，同时从标点符号上看,but之后一般不得使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开.2. although引导状语从句Module3重要短语：pick upat sea 迷茫on averagenatural disastercatch fire 失火/着火pour down倾泻而下 set fire to 放火烧 manage to do sth.in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 fall into ruin 已成废墟put out 熄灭report on报

22、道一fall downfrom side to sidein all 总共，合计not at all一点也不，别客气after all above allfirst of all 首先come to an end 结束, 完结 turn over 移交； 翻转 according to take place a total of 总数为bring sb. to ruin 毁灭某人end up到达或来到某处end up with sth.以某事作为结束end up doing sth.以做某事为结束bury oneself in sth.埋头于、专心致志于某事毕竟，终究首先，尤其是sth.occ

23、urs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. + that-clause 某人突然想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事on the same latitude 在同一纬度warn sb. （not）to do sth. 警告某人（不）干某 事warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事文档be buried in 埋头于，专心致志be experienced in/at在方面有经验重要句型：1 .A good idea suddenly struck me.我忽然想到一个好主意strike sb.+ 介词+the +具体部位

24、打某人的某个部位eg. strike him on the back打某人的背hit sb in the face打某人的脸pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 be struck by被所打动，被迷住【注意区分】strike, hit, beat, knockstrike （钟）敲打，撞击，袭击”，表示有力的打一下。beat连续地打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也可表示殴打，体罚。hit瞄准某物而击中。也可表示“袭击”knock用拳头或硬的东西“敲、击、打2 .实用标准文案wordsmeaningsoccur偶然发生；突然想起 It occurred to

25、 sb. that.happen隅然发生；碰巧 It happened that / sb. happen to do sth.break out（战争、火灾、疾病、争吵）突然爆发take place（有计划地）发生；举行3 .There was the possibility of It is possible that 语法要求：1. by the time 意为“到时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从 句。它的主要用法如下：1） .如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动 作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去

26、的过去”。By the time did ，sb. had done sth.By the time he returned home , the rain had stopped.2） .如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。By the time do/does ，sb. will have done sth.By the time you get back , I shall have finished the work.3） .如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况

27、，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know,find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时 by the time 相当于when。例如：He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。2 .过去完成时的被动语态：had+过去分词3 .间接引语。英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接 引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、 时

28、态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作相应的改变。4 .定语从句。Module 4重要短语cut out剪除；切掉；割掉cut of切断；停掉；隔绝cut up 切碎；使伤心cut in 插嘴be caught in 被困在（风、雨、雪）中 catch up with赶上；跟上catch sight of 看见walk up to认识至U /意识至U刮走take in 吸入（空气）；欺骗；体彳take away 带走take off 脱下，拿掉，起飞take on 承担complain to sb 向诉苦/发牢骚complain about/of sth 抱怨某;收容give outtake

29、 up举起，开始做；占据give up 放弃give in 屈服；让步，投降事one after another一个接一个look through仔细检查cut down砍掉;消减 dig up 挖出catch hold of 抓住,握住 sweep away扫除/清除/冲走/分发；发出（气味、热气）；用尽 give off 送出；发出（光等） give away赠送；放弃；泄漏；出卖 have an effect on be part of成为的一部分masses of/a mass of 许多,大量 the masses 群众，平民文档in the mass 大体而论，总体上 a weat

30、her forecast 天气预报 give/make a forecast 预言,预报 solve problems prevent/stop/keep (from)doingin a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之if possible 如果可能if any 如果有的话if necessary如果需要的话if so如果是这样的话if ever如果曾经有的话if not不这样的话think seriously about 认真考be concerned with/in与有关as far as sth.is concerned就某事而言

31、be concerned for/about/over对关心 ,担心,忧虑重要句型1. appear to 彳以乎，好像 / It appears that He is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old. It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known (know) it.这女孩好像已经知道了这件事。 It appears to me that you are all mistaken.我觉得你们全错了。2.wordsmeaningsstrength着重指人的力气，物的强度。for

32、ce自然力量；暴力，势力；法律，道德，感盾力量；军事力#等energy主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power用途最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政权3. sothat 7 such that .引导结果状语从句 【注意】1)such与so 2)little 少/小3)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。The boy was so frightened that he didn t know what to do.改为倒装句：So frightened was the boy that he didn t know what to do.4.I couldn t agr

33、ee with you more / it couldn t be worseif possible语法要求:一：to do 不定式（一）结构：to do （ 否定）not to do（二）不定式的各种时态主动语念被动语态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing元成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing（三）用法1） .主To see is to believe.It s important to learn . 用 it 作形式主语.2） .表My job is to help the patient

34、. Your task is to clean the classroom.3）宾I want to go home.think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.4） .宾warn, tell, allow, help, ask, forceThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to giv

35、e me some help.五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have二听 listen to hear一感觉:feel不定式用在介词 but, except, besides 后时，如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to. She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go. What do you like to do besides sleep.注：在 can t but , can t help but , can t c

36、hoose but（意思是不得不，只能，只好） ，的结构后，不定式不带to5） .定语I have something to say.（如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定式中要有介词.）不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：?动宾关系I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。?主谓关系He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。?同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。不定式所修饰的名词或代词是

37、不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：I Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式 to send 的动作执行者是 you）n Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的

38、东西吗？（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else ）6）状I came here to see you.in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,（7）.独立结构To tell the truth, I don t agree with you.实用标准文案to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth不定式与疑问词 who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didn t know

39、 what to say.他不知道说什么。（宾语）How to solve the problem is very important. 如何解决这个问题很重要。（主语） My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。（表语）注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to oWhynot havea rest?固定句型：had better/had best + （not） do sth.最好（不）做某事 Why （not） do sth.? - prefer to do/prefer doingpref

40、er n./doing to n./doing prefer to do rather than （to） do - would rather （not） do sth.would rather do than （do） - would rather sb. did（虚拟语气）要做.They pretended not to see us.（一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.）（2） . He pretended to be sleeping.（在谓语动词发生的同时，不定式的动作也正在进行）（3） .She pretended to have known it before.（完

41、成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前）（4） .We re happy to have been working with you.（完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前，不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续）Module 5重要短语：be related to 与.有关be equal to 等于human beingbe born good 人之初，性本善a sense of responsibility 责任感tell the time 报时bring up 养育，教育；提出；呕吐bring down 使倒下,消减bring back 恢复，使想起 make sense 有意义，讲的通 make

42、 sense of 懂,理解There is no sense in doing sth 做某事不明智 / 没意义 reach /arrive 得出结论in conclusion 最后，总之put stress on sth.make a contribution to in some ways 在某些方面 lay stress on sth.强调某事be influenced travel from state to state The reason why is that The reason for sth. is that argue with sb about/over sthpla

43、ce stress on sth.stress the importance of have an influence on/upon sth.It is/was a time when周游列国的理由是某事的理由是某人争论bring in 收(庄稼);引进be at war with 与.交战live a (n)-lifefollow / take one s adviceat/ draw/ cometo a conclusion对某事有影响influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事那是一个一的时期argue for 据理力争argue against 反对in good

44、/ poor condition 状况良好 （不好） on one condition 有一个条件on condition that如果，条件是，只要no faster than 和样不快 =as slowly ason no condition 决不 重要句型：l.order n. & v. 秩序，顺序，命令，订购，eg.1）Then they called out our names in order and we answered yes or no .（翻译）然后他们按顺序点我们的名字，我们回答对错。out of order无序的，杂论无章的in order （of） 以顺序in or

45、der to 为了in order that 为了 place an order with sb for sth向某人订购某putin order 按顺序排列，整齐摆放2. If ,then 3. No more than语法要求：一：限制性定语从句：用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。弓I导定语从句的关系代词：that , which , who, whom, whose, as关系副词： when, where, how, why注意：1.介词放在关系代词前面时，介词宾语只能用which代物，用whom代人。2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任介词宾语而介词在句尾时，关系

46、代词可省略。3.有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可省略。Module 6重要短语：provide sth. for sb. /sb. withsthdate from /back to 起源于out of date 过时up to date 最新fix a date for sth给某事约定日期have a date with sb和某人约会hold back阻挡，忍住，抑制（情感 freezing point 冰点 in a sense就某种意义而言hold one s breath 屏住气 hold up耽搁；妨碍（交通等） hold on坚持；（电话）请等一下 dre

47、am of 梦想dream a dream做一个梦work outcome trueglobal warmingof all time有史以来think ofhear fromnow that .make a note /notes作笔记bring an end to 结束 a large amount ofon the spot be pleased with crash into 撞上，坠毁重要句型： 1.It takes sb. Time to do sth. 2.be of + n. = be + adj.3.accommodate sb. with sth. 提供某人某物 accommodate to sth. 适应，顺应accommodate oneself to sth. 使自 己适应于accommodate sb.