必修4 unit1language-points

1、She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. 他帮助改善监狱的条件，还为囚犯们提供工作和受他帮助改善监狱的条件，还为囚犯们提供工作和受教育的机会。教育的机会。condition ：环境，境况，条件，是环境，境况，条件，是可数名词可数名词 状态，状况状态，状况 是是不可数名词不可数名词be in good condition 处于良好的状态处于良好的状态be out of condition 健康状况不佳健康状况不佳on condition that 如果，在如果，在条件下条件下Langua

2、ge points That bookstore would not accept returns even ones_(完好无损) He is overweight and_ (健康状况欠佳) He can use the bicycle _ _(条件是明天必须归还)be in good condition 处于良好的状态处于良好的状态be out of condition 健康状况不佳健康状况不佳on condition that 如果，在如果，在条件下条件下on no condition 绝不绝不in good conditionout of conditionon condition

3、(that) hereturns it tomorrowYou must on no condition tell them what happened.On no condition_ you tell them what happened.你绝不能告诉他们所发生的事。mustHe has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 2. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 她把她的一生全部奉献给了中国妇女和儿她把她的一生全部奉献给了中

4、国妇女和儿童医疗事业。童医疗事业。 devote oneself to (doing) sth =be devoted to doing sth 献身，致力于献身，致力于 Eg:他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。 _ 3. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. behave (v) 举动，举止，行为表现举动，举止，行为表现 behavior (n) 举止，行为方式举

5、止，行为方式 _举止得体举止得体 _行为不端行为不端 _守规矩守规矩behave wellbehave oneselfbehave badlybehaved badly (1) 她表现出了很大的勇气她表现出了很大的勇气. She _with great courage. (2) 他对顾客的态度不好他对顾客的态度不好. He _to the customers. (3)你应该学会举止得体你应该学会举止得体. You should_. (4) 你今天在晚会上守规矩了吗你今天在晚会上守规矩了吗? Did you _ at the party today? learn to behave wellbe

6、haved behave yourself 3.This means going back to a place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before. leave+宾语宾语+doing “让某人做某事让某人做某事”keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, see, leave.等动词后常用等动词后常用V-ing形式作宾语补足语。形式作宾语补足语。_我们发现那老太太躺在床上。我们发现那老太太躺在床上。_不要让她在外面雨中等待着。不要让她在外面雨中等待着。We fou

7、nd the old lady lying in bed. Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.umeandoing sth. 意味着意味着 to do sth. 打算做打算做1) To help them means helping yourself.2) She means to make everything clear to you.做这种事意味着浪费时间做这种事意味着浪费时间._你打算不带钱去吗你打算不带钱去吗?_Doing such a thing means wasting time.Do you mean to go witho

8、ut money?The light turned green and the cars began to move off. 5. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时猩猩们醒，大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时猩猩们醒，决定离开。决定离开。 move off 离开，启程，出发离开，启程，出发 Eg: 绿灯亮了，车流开始移动。绿灯亮了，车流开始移动。_ shade(P2)(1)n.U荫；阴凉处Chimps are

9、 fond of eating bananas in the shade.黑猩猩喜欢在阴凉处吃香蕉。I saw them playing cards in the shade of a tree.我看见他们在树荫下打牌。归纳拓展in the shade在阴凉处under/ in the shade of a tree在树荫下 (2)vt.遮蔽，挡光She shaded her eyes against the sun.她遮住眼睛避免阳光直射。His impatience shaded into anger.他由不耐烦逐渐变成了愤怒。归纳拓展shade.from / against.使免受的照射

10、shade into渐渐与分辨不清，逐渐变成 易混辨析shade/shadowshade指任何遮住阳光的地方，指的是一个立体空间。shadow指因挡住光线而形成的阴影，指的是一个平面。 形象助记即境活用5用shade或shadow填空Lets sit in the _for a while.The_of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on.In summer，the trees give some welcome_and we can feel cool.shadeshadowsshade6. However the evening m

11、akes it all worthwhile.1) worthwhile: adj. 值得值得(花精力、时间、花精力、时间、 金钱做金钱做) 的的2) worthful adj. 有价值的有价值的, 可贵的可贵的3) worthless adj. 没有价值的没有价值的, 无用的无用的, 无益的无益的4) worth: adj. 值得的值得的5) worthy: adj. 值得的值得的常用句型：常用句型：值得做某事值得做某事 It is worthwhile to do sth. be worth (doing ) sth. be worthy of being done, be worthy

12、to be done.Eg: 这个博物馆这个博物馆(非常非常)值得参观。值得参观。_It is worthwhile to visit the museum.It is worth visiting the museum.The museum is worthy of being visited.The museum is worthy to be visited. 即境活用 用worth，worthy或worthwhile填空 The research is_the time and effort that we have devoted to it. I think it_to read

13、the book. His behaviour is_of great praise. 答案：worthworthwhileworthy spend pay cost take 花费花费sb spend on sth in (doing) sthsb pay some money for sthsth cost sb some moneyIt takes sb to do sthHe _about a third of his salary indrinking.She _ 3000 dollars for the dress.The DVD _ her 150 yuan.It _ him t

14、en days to finished the work.spent paid cost took7. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 2) observe (v) 观察观察; 遵守遵守, 顺从顺从; 举行举行(仪式等仪式等), 庆庆祝祝(节日等节日等) observation (n) observer ( n.) 观察者观察者; 遵守者遵守者 我们必须遵守交通规则。我们必须遵守交通规则。 We must _. 你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗？你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗？ Do you _ in your

15、country? observe用作用作被动语态被动语态时时, 作主语补足语的不定式作主语补足语的不定式须带须带to。 sb be observed to do sth. 某人被发现做了某事。某人被发现做了某事。 Eg:有人注意到她走进银行。有人注意到她走进银行。_observe the traffic rulesobserve Christmas DayShe was observed to enter the bank.常见搭配：常见搭配：observe sb do sth 注意到某人做了某事注意到某人做了某事(表示表示动作全过程动作全过程)observe sb doing sth 注意到

16、某人正在做某事注意到某人正在做某事(表示表示动作正在进行动作正在进行)under observation 在观察中在观察中; 在监视下在监视下 温馨提示：下列动词后的不定式在主动语态中省略to；在被动语态中不能省略to。一感：feel二听：hear，listen to三让：make，let，have四看：see，watch，observe，notice半帮助：help形象助记巧记“看”口诀看场电影要用see，读书看报用read；电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用watch；observe细观察，一时注意notice。Though having lived abroad for years, many

17、 Chinese still _ the traditional customs. (湖北湖北 ) perform B. possess C. observe D. supportC点拨点拨 选选C。题意为：尽管在国外生活了这。题意为：尽管在国外生活了这么多年，许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风么多年，许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。俗习惯。observe在此句中意为在此句中意为“遵守、奉遵守、奉行（法律、协议或习俗等）行（法律、协议或习俗等）”。perform表表演、履行、执行；演、履行、执行；possess占有、拥有；占有、拥有；support支持、拥护。支持、拥护。8. Only afte

18、r her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed to begin her project.在她母亲头几个月来帮忙后，她才得以开始自己的计划。(P2)当“only状语”置于句首，对状语进行强调时，后面的句子必须用部分倒装结构。“only状语”可细分为三种情况：(1)“only副词”置于句首时Only then did he realize that he was not fit for the job.到那时他才意识到他不适合做这项工作。(2)“only介词短语”置于句首时Only by practis

19、ing more can you improve your handwriting.只有经过更多练习你的书法才能改进。Only in this way can you improve your English.只有用这种方法你的英语水平才能提高。 (3)“only状语从句”置于句首时 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才能查明事实真相。 Only he can answer the question. 只有他会回答这个问题。 温馨提示：当“only主语”置于句首时，不用倒装。only+状语状语“+部分倒装部分倒

20、装只有这样，我们才能学好英语。只有这样，我们才能学好英语。Only in this way_.到那时我才意识到我的错误。到那时我才意识到我的错误。Only then _.did I realize my mistakescan we learn English better只有你了解我。只有你了解我。Only you _understand me.1.only after talking to two students_ I discover that having strong motivation was one of the biggest factor in reaching goal

21、s.2. _ interested in the ancient town did the visitors get that they decided to stay there for another few days3. Hardly_ I finished writing the composition _the bell rang.didsohadwhen11. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her work

22、out their social system.1) I cant work out the meaning of the poem. 2) Things have worked out badly.3) Work out his income.4) Work out a plan.(理解理解, 说出说出)(发展发展, 进行进行)( (算出算出) )( (制定制定, ,拟订拟订) )12. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respe

23、ct the life of these animals.outspoken adj. 直言不讳的直言不讳的2) the rest of: 它之后可以接它之后可以接不可数名词或可数不可数名词或可数 名词名词,译为译为“其余的，剩下的其余的，剩下的”e.g. The rest of the money was given to his son.The rest of the apple was thrown away.3) respect (v) “尊重尊重; 尊敬尊敬” (n) “尊敬尊敬; 敬重敬重”。常见短语常见短语: show respect for 对对表示尊敬表示尊敬根据汉语提示根据

24、汉语提示, 完成完成下列句子。下列句子。1) All the students _ (尊敬尊敬) their history teacher.2) The professor is a specialist in the research of ancient literature and we all _ (对对表示尊敬表示尊敬) him.常见短语常见短语: show respect for 对对表示尊敬表示尊敬根据汉语提示根据汉语提示, 完成完成下列句子。下列句子。 All the students _ (尊敬尊敬) their history teacher.2) The profess

25、or is a specialist in the research of ancient literature and we all _ (对对表示尊敬表示尊敬) him.3) 他们十分尊重他的才能。他们十分尊重他的才能。_have respect for show respect forThey have a great respect for his ability.归纳拓展gain / lose sb.s respect赢得/失去某人的尊重/ 尊敬earn / win respect受到尊敬show / have respect for sb.尊重/ 尊敬某人in all respec

26、ts在各个方面give / send ones respect to sb.代某人问候某人 (3)n.(pl.)good wishes敬意，问候，祝愿give/send/offer sb.s respects to sb.give/send/offer sb.ones respects代某人向某人问好Give/Send/Offer your parents my respects.Give/Send/Offer my respects to your parents.代我向你父母问好。13. She has argued that wild animals should beleft in t

27、he wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.argue（v）争论，争吵，争辩）争论，争吵，争辩 argue +that从句从句argue with sb. about/over sth. 同某人辩论某事同某人辩论某事argue for 为为辩护辩护argue against 据理反对，争辩据理反对，争辩即境活用用适当的介词填空He argued_his wife_ the best place for a holiday.I was argued_buying a necklace for my wife.He strong

28、ly argued_the plan to go for a picnic only because of the bad weather.答案：with；about/overintoagainst14. lead a life 表示表示“过着过着的生活的生活” _我的父母都退休了我的父母都退休了, 现在过着安静的生活。现在过着安静的生活。_ 导致导致_ 带路带路My parents are retired and now lead a quiet life. lead tolead the way12. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I

29、remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。once用作连词时，意为用作连词时，意为“一旦一旦就就”，用于用于连接时间状语从句连接时间状语从句。如：。如：水一开始沸腾，温度就不再升高。水一开始沸腾，温度就不再升高。 _一旦你开始读一旦你开始读, 你就会喜欢它。你就会喜欢它。 _Once water begins to boil, its temperature no longer rises.Once you begin to rea

30、d it, you will like it. 仿写仿写 一旦你开始读一旦你开始读, 你就会喜欢它。你就会喜欢它。 2. 一旦你开始了，就不要放弃。一旦你开始了，就不要放弃。3. 一旦染上坏习惯，想改掉就难了。一旦染上坏习惯，想改掉就难了。 Once you get into a bad habit, it is hard to get out of it.Once you begin to read it, you will like it. Once you start, never give it up.crowd in(on sb.)(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海(P2)Too m

31、any uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her.她心乱如麻。Good memories crowded in on me when I looked through the old photos.浏览那些旧照片时，美好的往事一齐涌上我的心头。Memories came crowding into her mind.往事一齐涌上她的心头。We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.我们都挤在炉边取暖。This car accident drew a large crowd around the s

32、ite.这场车祸招来一大群人围在现场。A crowd of people crowded around the speaker.一群人聚集在演讲者的周围。归纳拓展crowd n.人群，观众a crowd of一群the crowd群众；百姓crowd into ones mind / head(crowd in on sb.)涌上心头，涌入脑海crowd in / into sp.涌入/ 挤进某场所crowd around / round(sb./sth.)聚集在(某人/ 某物)周围be crowded with挤满了 即境活用完成句子事故的现场很快围了一大群人。_ _ _ soon gath

33、ered at the scene of the accident.人们挤在事故现场的四周。People_ _the scene of the accident.答案：A big crowdcrowded round14. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。 inspire （v）鼓舞；激发；其实）鼓舞；激发；其实 inspiration （n）鼓舞，启示，灵感）鼓舞，启示，灵感inspiring（adj）令人鼓舞的）令人鼓舞的

34、 inspired（adj）受到鼓舞的）受到鼓舞的She was an _ to all of us.The president made an _ speech at the meeting yesterday.3. I am _ by this book. inspiringinspiredinspirationHe was an _ poet at that time andhis _ poems spread through all thecountry. inspired; inspired B. inspiring; inspiredC. inspired; inspiring D

35、. inspiring; inspiringD常用句型：常用句型：（1）inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事。激励某人做某事。例如：例如： _ 这首诗激励他继续工作。这首诗激励他继续工作。（2）inspire sb with courage 鼓起勇气。鼓起勇气。 例如：例如： _我的家人和朋友们使我鼓起勇气面对现实我的家人和朋友们使我鼓起勇气面对现实.The poem inspired him to go on his work .My family and friends inspired me with courage to face the fact.1. The a

36、greement strengthened the _ (联系联系) between the two countries.2. A bird lays eggs in the _ (巢巢) it has built.I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示母或汉语提示, 写出该单词的正确形式。写出该单词的正确形式。bond(s)nest3. Their _ (举止举止) towards me shows that they do not like me.4. She had a happy _ (童童年年).5. Television provides

37、 knowledge as well as _ (娱乐娱乐).behaviourchildhoodentertainment6. She is so _ (直言的直言的) that she has hurt the feelings of all her friends.7. There are no trees or bushes to give s_ in this area, so it is very hot here.outspokenhade1. He finds it hard to train children to _ (behave) well at the table.2. It didnt seem _ (worthwhile) writing it all out again.3. The police have been _ (obse