Languagepointsunit4BOOK2必修二第4单元语法

1、人教课标人教课标 高一高一 必修必修 2 Unit 41. wild adj. living in a natural state, not changed or controlled by humanswild flowersa wild rabbitbe wild about sth/sb 热衷于热衷于 in the wild 在野外在野外wild woods 原始森林原始森林 talk wildly胡扯胡扯 wildlife n. (不可数不可数) animals and plants growing in natural conditionsa wildlife park1. thre

2、aten vt. 1) 恐吓恐吓; 威胁威胁threaten +n.+with+n. 以以.恐吓恐吓.The robber threatened me with a gun.threaten to do 恐吓说要恐吓说要.He threatened to make the photo public.2) 迫近迫近 A typhoon was threatening.threat n. threatening adj. 恐吓的恐吓的, 威胁的威胁的Language Points Language Points 2. decrease vt./vi./n. 减少减少, 使变小或变少使变小或变少 T

3、he membership decreased to 150. He decreased the speed of his car. on the decrease 在减少中在减少中 decrease to 减少到减少到 decrease by 减少了减少了 decreasing adj. 减少中的减少中的, 在递减的在递减的 比较比较 increase 4. die out: 1) Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish. Many old customs are dying

4、 out. 3）The fire died out in the end. 灭绝灭绝, 绝种绝种 逐渐消失逐渐消失熄灭熄灭die away: (光、声音光、声音)慢慢消失慢慢消失; (风风)停下来停下来He hid behind the door until the footsteps had died away. The wind died away, and the leaves became silent. die off: 一一死去一一死去; 先后死去先后死去The members of the family had all died off for no reason.die fro

5、m die of 一般指除了疾病、情感、饥寒以外的原因一般指除了疾病、情感、饥寒以外的原因而造成的死亡而造成的死亡, 指死于指死于外因外因。常指由于疾病、情感、饥寒等原因而造成的常指由于疾病、情感、饥寒等原因而造成的死亡死亡, 指死于指死于内因内因。He died from drinking/smoking/overwork. His father died of cold and hunger before liberation. be dying for 很想要很想要, 渴望渴望be dying to do 很想做某事很想做某事The old man _ drinking dirty wa

6、ter.The old man _ cancer.died fromdied of请用适当的介词填空请用适当的介词填空1) Whales will die _, if we dont protect them.2) Nowadays every woman is dying _ fair skin.3) The trees are dying _ because of the drought.outforoff4) The weak light is dying _.5) His anger died _ after being given some money.6) About 10 mil

7、lion people die _ cancer every year.7) Some people die _ the lack of water in the dry areas.awaydownoffrom 5. endanger vt.使使遭受危害遭受危害 Smoking endangers health. in danger 处于危险之中处于危险之中 The patient is in danger. be in danger of 有有危险危险(外来的危险外来的危险) out of danger 脱离危险脱离危险 endangered adj. 濒危的濒危的 dangerous 危

8、险的危险的 in+ n. in turn in return in trouble in vain(徒然的徒然的) in time in need I hear Tim once was _ of losing his life, but now he is _. A. in danger, out of danger B. in the danger, out of danger C. in danger , out of dangerous D. in danger, out of the dangerA6. loss n. Have you reported the loss of th

9、e technical papers about the new product to the police? 2) His unfortunate death was a great loss to the company. 3) That company suffered heavy loss in business last year. 丢失丢失, 遗失遗失巨大的损失巨大的损失亏损亏损损失损失, 遗失遗失, 丧失丧失be at a loss adj. 困惑困惑, 不知所措不知所措I was at a complete loss as to find the money in time.

10、She was at a loss for an answer.thats your/their loss (口语口语)那是你们的那是你们的/他们的损失他们的损失Well, if he doesnt want to come its his loss. 好吧好吧, 如果他不愿意来如果他不愿意来, 那是他的损失。那是他的损失。7. reserve 1) n: nature reserve We have large reserve of oil. 2) vt: Youd better reserve some moneyfor future need. Id like to reserve a

11、table for two.自然保护区自然保护区储备储备保留保留预定预定reservation n.预定预定8. hunt He likes hunting very much. Weve been hunting for the lost boy all over. 3) It was an exciting hunt, but the fox escaped.4) He is on the hunt for a better job. v. 打猎打猎v. 搜索搜索 n. 打猎打猎n. 搜寻搜寻hunter 猎人猎人 huntress 女猎人女猎人 a hunting dog 猎狗猎狗 a

12、hunting ground 狩猎场狩猎场 hunt for/after 追逐追逐, 寻找寻找 go hunting 去打猎去打猎hunt for: search for 寻找寻找; 寻求寻求hunt for a lost book house-hunting job-hunting9. zone: 指具有某些特殊性而被称为指具有某些特殊性而被称为“地地带带, 特区特区”等。等。 the Special Economic Zone of Shenzhen a war/danger zone a residential zone This is a no-smoking zone. a nucl

13、ear-free zone 无核区无核区district: 一个国家或城市的行政管理区一个国家或城市的行政管理区the Hongkou District of Shanghaia postal districtregion: 指较大的行政区域或地理上有指较大的行政区域或地理上有某种特色的自然地域单位某种特色的自然地域单位the Hongkong Special Administrative Regionthe Arctic regionbelt: 指具有某一特色的地带指具有某一特色的地带 a green belt a snow belt a countrys cotton /industria

14、l beltarea: 应用范围最广应用范围最广Do you like the area where you are living?10. in peace 平静的平静的; 安静的安静的 at peace 休战休战, 和睦相处和睦相处 I live in peace in the country. The two nations are now at peace. All Iraq people look forward to living in peace. make peace (with) 讲和讲和; 重新和好重新和好 The two countries are _ now, but t

15、hey used to be at war. A. in peace B. at peaceB2. respond vi. 回答回答, 响应响应, 做出反应做出反应(与介词与介词to 连用连用)eg. He didnt respond to my question. His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs. 他的疾病对药物治疗没反应。他的疾病对药物治疗没反应。 response n. in response to 作为对作为对.的反应的反应eg. He smiled in response to my suggestion. =He re

16、sponded to my suggestion with a smile. responsibility n. take /have responsibility for6. in relief 如释重负如释重负; 松了口气松了口气 Hearing that he has passed the exam, in relief he went to play basketball.relief n. (焦虑、恐惧、痛苦等的焦虑、恐惧、痛苦等的)减轻；减轻；缓解缓解; 宽慰宽慰; 减轻痛苦的事物减轻痛苦的事物; 救济救济(品品)relief from sth. 减轻减轻eg. The drug

17、gives some relief from pain. 这种药可以减轻一些痛苦。这种药可以减轻一些痛苦。It was a great relief to find theyre safe.The government sent relief to people who lost their homes in the earthquake.(much) to ones relief=to ones (great)relief使某人使某人(很很)宽慰宽慰/放心的是放心的是eg. To my relief ,they arrived safly.7. burst into laughter=bur

18、st out laughingburst into tears/song=burst out crying/singingburst in 闯入闯入, 突然出现突然出现/到达到达, 插嘴插嘴, 打断打断改错改错: At my great relief, I wasnt late.When they heard the news, they burst into crying. To tears8. mercy n. 仁慈仁慈; 慈悲慈悲; 宽恕宽恕; 怜悯怜悯show mercy to sb/have mercy on sb 对某人怜悯、仁慈对某人怜悯、仁慈e.g. They showed m

19、ercy to their enemies.他们对敌人很仁慈。他们对敌人很仁慈。at the mercy of 任任处置处置; 无能为力无能为力e.g. The ship was at the mercy of the storm.那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地, 残忍地残忍地11. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. certain形容词，在句中作定语，表示形容词，在句中作定语，表示

20、“一定一定(数量的数量的)”。还有还有“”的意思，的意思，在句中作表语在句中作表语，常用，常用结构：结构： be certain to do sth.; be certain of / about sth.; It is certain that .; 主语主语 + be certain + that .还可表示还可表示“某个，某些，某种某个，某些，某种”，常，常用作定语，如：用作定语，如：for certain reasons，a certain Mr. Brown。9. certain adj. 确定的确定的; 有把握的有把握的(sure); 某一某一; 某种某种; 一定一定(some)F

21、or certain reasons /a certain reason, he will not come.Hes certain to pass the exam.=Its certain that hell pass the exam.辨析辨析: certain & sure of (doing) sth 共同点：共同点：make sure/certain that be certain/sure to do sth 肯定能做某事肯定能做某事be certain/sure of sth 对某事有把握对某事有把握区别：区别：certain 的主语既可以是指人的词的主语既可以是指人的

22、词, 也可以也可以是指物的词是指物的词, 而而sure 的主语通常为指人的词的主语通常为指人的词Its certain that the earth is round. (sure cant replace certain) 11. rub v.擦擦, 摩擦摩擦. sth on /over e.g. I often rub sun cream on my face in summer.12. protect sb /sth from (against) sth (doing sth) 保护保护.使其不受使其不受.; 挡住挡住; 防御防御e.g. Try to protect your skin

23、 from the sun.e.g. Kids should be protected from the violence.e.g. The walls were built to protect the country against the tection n. C. preventfromC. preventfromB. stopfromB. stopfromD. keepfromD. keepfromA. protectfrom A. protectfrom (keep sb or sth safe)(keep sb or sth safe)保护保护.不受不受阻止阻

24、止.做某事做某事An umbrella is used to _ people _ rain.An umbrella is used to _ people _ rain.Even the heavy rain cant _ him _ going to school. A line of forts(堡垒堡垒)was built along the border to _ the country _ being attacked.prevent protectfromfromA We must do our best to _ Tibetan antelopes _. A. prevent

25、from hunted B. protect from huntingC. preventfrom hunting D. protectfrom being huntedWe should take action immediately to prevent the earth from _. A. washing away B. being washed away C. to wash away D. to be washed awayB D 13. contain vt. 包含包含, 容纳容纳, 容忍容忍, 克制克制(强烈的感情强烈的感情)eg. The book contains lot

26、s of colorful pictures.The hall can contain 3000 people.He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself. include vt. 包含包含; 包括包括Tsinghua University includes many colleges.包含包含; 含有含有控制控制; 容忍容忍容纳容纳辨析辨析contain vt. 表示某物容纳比其小的物品表示某物容纳比其小的物品, 强调强调内容或内含物内容或内含物/成分。成分。include vt. 指包括作为整体的一个部分或要素。指包括作为整

27、体的一个部分或要素。eg. The album contains forty pictures, including ten of my brothers/ten of My brothers included.The album _ twelve songs in all,_ many classics.A includes; including B. contains; includedC. includes; included D. contains; including Six people were invited to his party, _ me.includingD 14.

28、affect vt. 影响影响 affection(见优化见优化)eg. A sudden change in weather may affect your health. 突然的天气变化可能影响你的健康。突然的天气变化可能影响你的健康。区别区别: effect n. 效应效应; 结果结果; 后果。后果。构成的短语构成的短语: have an effect on sb. / sth.eg. Did the medicine have any effect? 这药有什么疗效吗？这药有什么疗效吗？eg. The film had quite an effect on her. 这个影片对她影响很

29、大。这个影片对她影响很大。side effect 副作用副作用1) The habit of your life will have a great _ on your future.A. affect B. effect C. result D. mercy2) All the people in the room _ to tears.A. affected B. were affected C. effected D. had an effect on BB感动感动15. pay attention to: give your attention toe.g. Im sorry, I w

30、asnt paying attention to what you were saying. He _ what the teacher said. Thats why he didnt finish the exercises. paid no attention B. drew his attention to C. paid no attention to D. paid special attention toC 2) The air quality is getting worse and worse. We should pay more attention to _ the en

31、vironment. protecting B. protect C. be protected D. being protectedpay attention to 中中 to是介词是介词, 其后的动词用动词其后的动词用动词ing 形式。形式。A e.g. She waved to attract the waitress attention. I have been asked to draw your attention to the following points.attract / draw/ catch ones attention to引起某人的注意到引起某人的注意到fix /

32、 focus ones attention on 将注意力集中于将注意力集中于have sb.s attention 请某人注意请某人注意16. appreciate vt. 1) 感激感激; 感谢感谢eg. I appreciate your help. 我感谢你的帮助。我感谢你的帮助。2) 鉴赏鉴赏; 欣赏欣赏; 赏识赏识eg. Can you appreciate good wine? 你会鉴赏好酒吗你会鉴赏好酒吗?3) 察觉察觉; 意识到意识到eg. We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。我们意识到危险临头。appreciate+n/doi

33、ng, 后接从句时要先用后接从句时要先用it,再接从句。再接从句。常用于常用于Ill/d appreciate it if . 结构，结构，表示表示“假如假如，我将不胜感激，我将不胜感激”。Ill appreciate it if you help me with my English.None of us appreciate _ in our daily life.A. making fun of B. to make fun of C. to be made fun of D. being made fun ofD appreciate与与thank都表示感谢的意思，但都表示感谢的意思，

34、但是用法上有区别。是用法上有区别。appreciate表示感谢时，表示感谢时，后面不接后面不接“人人”而接表示而接表示“物物”的名词；的名词；thank表示感谢时，后面接表示感谢时，后面接“人人”，常用，常用于于thank sb.或或thank sb. for sth. / doing sth. 结构。结构。appreciate & thank18. succeed 1) vi. 成功成功 succeed in (doing) sth eg. Have you succeeded in (passing) the exam? =Have you managed to pass the

35、exam?succeed in doing sth =manage to do sth2)vi/vt. 继继.之后之后, 接着接着.发生发生, 继承继承 succeed (to) Spring succeeds( to) winter.3) vt. 继承继承(某人某人)之后担任之后担任Hell succeed his father as manager of the shop.拓展：拓展：success n. successful adj. successfully adv. successor n. 继承者；继承者； fail to do sth 19. employ vt./n. 雇用雇用

36、, 利用利用(时间、精力等时间、精力等)Im employed as /to be a teacher.Im employed to teach English here.Im employed in teaching English.=I employ myself in teaching English.You should employ your time better.employ sb as/to be. 雇用雇用.任命任命 be employed to do sth 受雇用做某事受雇用做某事be employed in sth/doing sth=employ oneself in

37、 sth/doing sth忙于某事忙于某事, 从事于某事从事于某事employer 雇主雇主 employee 雇员雇员 employment n.Its said that she _ in a computer companysince graduation. has employed B. has been employed C. had employed D. is employed20. harm 伤害伤害, 危害危害 n.u do sb harm=do harm to sbToo much drinking will do harm to you.vt. Too much dri

38、nking will harm you harmful adj. 有伤害的有伤害的 be harmful to =be bad forharmless adj. 无伤害的无伤害的Bbite v./n. 咬，叮，刺痛（咬，叮，刺痛（bit, bitten） Once bitten, twice shy. The dog bit the thief in the leg. 那只狗咬了小偷的腿。那只狗咬了小偷的腿。 bit sb. in/on the + 部位部位n. The dog gave the mailman a bite. bite off 咬掉咬掉 take a bite at 朝朝咬一

39、口咬一口1. come into being没有被动语态，没有进行时。没有被动语态，没有进行时。拓展：拓展： come into fashion 开始流行开始流行 come into power/ office 开始执政，上台开始执政，上台 come into force 开始生效开始生效 come into sight 被看见被看见 come into use 开始被使用开始被使用 come to realize 逐步意识到逐步意识到come into being 开始存在开始存在; 发生发生 我们不知道这世界是什么时候存在的。我们不知道这世界是什么时候存在的。 We dont know w

40、hen the world came into being.根据天气预报根据天气预报, 明天会下雨。明天会下雨。_, it will rain tomorrow.区别区别: 这本书是根据一个真实的故事写的。这本书是根据一个真实的故事写的。This book is _ a true story.3. According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.根据联合国的一份报告根据联合国的一份报告, 在过去在过去500年里年里, 大约大约844种动植物消失。种动植物消失

41、。based onAccording to the weather reportaccording to: 按照按照, 根据根据.所说所说3. as a result (of sth): 作为作为的结果的结果; 因此因此; 由于由于e.g. I was very busy. As a result, I couldnt take care of her. About twenty people were killed as a result of the big fire. As a result of what he said, mother got very angry.As a resu

42、lt of the earthquake, a lot of people lost their homes.They didnt have enough evidence. As a result, they gave up the charge.由于地震由于地震, 许多人失去了家园。许多人失去了家园。他们没有足够证据他们没有足够证据, 因此他们放弃了控告。因此他们放弃了控告。as a result of + 名词性的东西名词性的东西 “由于由于”拓展拓展:result from 起因于起因于result in 结果为结果为, 导致导致 The terrible accident _ his

43、 careless.2) His careless _ the terrible accident.resulted fromresulted in3) His carelessness _ the terrible accident. A. resulted from B. resulted in C. as a result of D. as a result4) Tom was very sick, _ he could not eat or sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. however5) The car acciden

44、t _ the drivers carelessness. A. resulted in B. resulted of C. resulted from D. result forACB7. Daisy had always help endangered species of wildlife. 黛西一直都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的黛西一直都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。野生动植物。long作动词时，后接不定式作动词时，后接不定式“to do”或或以以for引导的介词短语，意思是引导的介词短语，意思是对对渴望，很想有渴望，很想有。Children are always longing for

45、 holidays.e.g. Im longing to see you again. She longed to have a holiday to go home and see her family again.3. fur n. (不可数名词不可数名词) 软毛软毛; 毛皮毛皮 e.g. a fur coat 但但 in furs 穿着皮衣穿着皮衣4. stomach n. 腹部腹部; 胃胃 e.g. He was lying on his stomach. I have a pain in my stomach =I have a stomachache. 我肚子痛我肚子痛have a

46、 stomach for 对对有胃口有胃口 I have no stomach for this heavy food.on a full stomach 吃饱时吃饱时on an empty stomach 空腹时空腹时 turn sbs stomach 想呕吐想呕吐 5. Our fur is being used to make sweaters我们的毛被用来制作毛衣我们的毛被用来制作毛衣is being done 是现在进行时的被动语态是现在进行时的被动语态, 表示某个动作正在被进行。表示某个动作正在被进行。Your washing machine is being repaired i

47、n the factory. 你的洗衣机正在厂子里修。你的洗衣机正在厂子里修。With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. is washing away B. is being washed away are washing awayD. are being washed awayD 10. suggest 提议提议; 建议建议 + sth + doing sth. + sbs doing sth. 1. I suggest a picnic on this weekend. 2.I

48、 suggest going on a picnic on this weekend.我建议周末去野餐。我建议周末去野餐。 3. I suggest your going on a picnic on this weekend.我建议你们周末去野餐。我建议你们周末去野餐。 + sth. to sb. 他向我们提议了一个新方案他向我们提议了一个新方案 He suggests a new plan to us. + that sb. ( should ) do sth.我建议我们用另一种方式来处理我建议我们用另一种方式来处理这个难题。这个难题。 I suggest that we (should)

49、 deal with this difficult problem in a different way. Its suggested that sb. ( should ) do sth. 有人提议立即下课。有人提议立即下课。 Its suggested that the class should be over at once. 当当suggest解为解为“暗示暗示,表明表明”时时, 从句从句要用一般陈述语气要用一般陈述语气, 不用虚拟语气。不用虚拟语气。 他的表情表明他很生气。他的表情表明他很生气。 His expression suggested that he was very angry. Her pale face suggests that she should be ill.is1)Recently quite a lot of experts _ that another law on wildlife protection _ as soon as possible.A. suggested ;must be passedB. have suggested; be passedC. were suggesting; was passedD. sugg