高一英语人教版 必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating语法与写作教案

1、必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）2课时知识点情态动词表推测教学目标知识：掌握情态动词表推测；正反观点的写作。方法：要牢记情态动词表推测的用法，并能灵活运用。能力：能根据语境判断考点情态动词+have done。教学重点掌握情态动词表推测；正反观点的写作。教学难点能根据语境判断考点情态动词+have done。教学过程1、 复习预习依据语境记词汇单词拼写1Dont glare (怒视) at me like that; you deserved the scolding.2The patient is rec

2、overing slowly; therefore, you had better choose some foods which digest (消化) more easily.3This shop tries its best to meet the needs of its customers (顾客)4This kind of fish doesnt need to be cooked.It can be eaten raw (生的)5If you place orders now, we would give you a 5% discount (折扣)语境填词(用所给词的适当形式填

3、空)1Children are always curious about everything they see and hear.They will ask all kinds of questions curiously.To meet their curiosity,_wed better answer them.(curiosity)2This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more peo

4、ple, we should build more railways.(benefit)3The man looks strong,_but he hasnt enough strength to lift the heavy box.He needs to strengthen his body.(strength)二、课堂导入复习上节课情态动词概念概念：在动词(一般动词)之前形成动词的否定,疑问,时态,语态,语气或表示特殊意义的动词叫做助动词,其中具有感情色彩一些助动词叫做情态动词。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关

5、行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。概念引入情态动词表猜测用法：He must be the new teacher.They must have come from Shanghai.They may/might have had a cold. 三、知识讲解知识点1 情态动词表示对现在的推测1. 【考查点】can 用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。Mr Bush is on time for everythi

6、ng.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.2. 【考查点】may，might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not 意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Liz

7、a may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.3. 【考查点】must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.4. 【考查点】should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。The public transport in Beijing is very convenient

8、，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city.知识点2表示对过去的情况进行推测1. 【考查点】can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done 多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。She cant have left school，for her bike is still here.The accident could have been avoided.2.【考查点】may/m

9、ight have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。I cant find my purse anywhere.You may have lost it while shopping.3.【考查点】must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。It must have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.4.【考查点】shoul

10、d/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.You oughtnt to have been late for yesterday class meeting，as it was so important.5.【考查点】neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。I actually neednt have boug

11、ht so much wineonly three people came.知识点3 dare和need的用法1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. 注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如： You needn't have waited for me. 2. dare作

12、情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don

13、9;t you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) say that. He needs to finish it this evening.知识点4 ought to的用法1. ought to表示应该。如： You ought to take care of him. 2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）This i

14、s where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didn't). 这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn't smoke so much.知识点5议论文正反观点对比【基础写作】请根据以下的写作内容，使用个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容

15、写作内容作为一个中学生, 你肯定经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. 请你根据提示内容,简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度, 并结合自身实际, 说明你的观点.态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。你的观点: 失败乃成功之母, 【审题】体裁:议论文时态:现在时人称: 第一人称要点: (1) 我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. (2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.(3)态度二: 当考试失败时

16、, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。(4)我的观点: 失败乃成功之母, 文章结构句型短语(1) 我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. 对考试失败大致有两种态度.have/take many tests or exams do well in the exams achieve success suffer from failure, fail (in) the exams(2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.be in low spirits have passive attitudeslose he

17、art/confidenceno longer study hard ; no longertry ones best (3)态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。find out/ analyze the causes, encourage oneselfhave/take active attitudesbuild up self-confidence, avoid making the same mistake(4)你的观点: 失败乃成功之母, in my view / opinion, As for me, As far as I a

18、m concerned,I agree with Failure is the mother of success. 表示不同观点的套语：Different people hold different opinions. People have taken different attitudes towards People have different opinions on this problem.不同观点之间的衔接：On the contrary others hold a different view. However, each coin has two sides. On the

19、 other hand, people object that .比较、对比：However, on the other hand,on the contrary,unlike be different from , 【技巧点拨】1. 基础写作是根据所给的内容组织成文，不是自由发挥。部分考生喜欢在文章中使用“Every coin has two sides”过渡，但是这个句子并不包含任何信息点，不适合在基础写作中使用。2 .注意使用表示转折和对比的词，如but, however, while, in contrast, compared with等。3. 如果文章要言之有物最后要求考生发表自己

20、观点，考生不能简单地说I agree with或者I disagree with，而是，有理有据。四、例题精析【例题1】Can you keep the secret?You _ worry Im not going to mention it to anyone.Aneednt BcouldntCmustnt Dwont【答案】选A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：“你能保守这个秘密吗？”“你不必担心，我不会向任何人提及它的。”根据句意可知应选neednt表示“不必”。【例题2】Looking people in the eye _ sometimes make them nervous and

21、embarrassed.Amust BcanCshould Dshall解析：【答案】选B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：注视着别人的眼睛有时能够让他们感到紧张和尴尬。此句中情态动词can表示理论上的可能性。【例题3】Look！There are so many mistakes in your composition.You _ have fixed full attention on it.Acan BshouldCneed Dmight【答案】选B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：看！你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should

22、 have done结构，故选B。【例题4】Martin hasnt got in touch with me for ages.He _ my new cellphone number.Aneednt get Bmustnt getCcant get Dshouldnt have got【答案】选C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：马丁已经很长时间不和我联系了。他不可能有我的新手机号码。根据句意可知应选C项。【例题5】你班同学开展了一场“司机醉驾是否应该处罚乘客”的讨论。写作内容：请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，介绍讨论的情况，并发表你的看法。少数同学赞成处罚乘客大多数同学反对处罚乘客1.

23、减少交通事故，促进交通安全2.不乘坐醉酒司机的车，不仅是对自己负责，也是对司机和路人负责1.乘客难以判断司机是否醉酒2.即使乘客知道司机饮酒，如果司机不听从乘客的劝诫，处罚乘客是不公平的你的看法：Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. _Yours sincerelyLi Hua【答案】Dear Editor,Im writi

24、ng to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety. Not to ride in a car drive

25、n by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road.The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or n

26、ot. Whats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but

27、 is also hard to carry out.                             Yours sincerely,              

28、0;              Li Hua【解析】1.确定文体结构：正反观点之间的论证应该是属于并列关系，而双方观点的论点和分论点则为总分关系。而最后，考题要求考生写出自己的观点，这个属于对全文的总结。因此，文章的信息点划分非常明确，正反观点各占两个句子，考生的观点应该为最后一个句子。考生可以采用两种方法使自己的观点明确。第一种：第一句的信息点可以包含“少数同学赞成处罚乘客”（总起）和第一个原因，而第二句则讲述第二个原因（递进）；第二种：第一句为总起，第二句则包含

29、了两个赞成的理由。陈述“大多数同学反对处罚乘客”这方面也是同理。五、课堂练习（一）选择适当的情态动词1. According to the school rule, you _ walk through the school gate without permission. (mustnt/ neednt)2. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come. Why dont you? (should/ought to have)3. Mother is out. I will _ stay at home to look aft

30、er my younger sister. (have to /must)4. He is from an English speaking country, so he _ speak English well. ( can /may)5. Finally they _ escape from the burning building. (were able to / could)6. The skyscraper was built on what _ be a wasteland. (would/ used to)7. I cant believe that! How _ he be s

31、o rude like this! (would/should)（二）完成下面A、B两项练习A. ought to1. He ought to help his brother work out the problem. (改成否定句)  _2Tom ought to go to have a rest. （改成一般疑问句）_3Such things ought to be done at once, _？（反意问句）B. 用must, have to, can, ought to, used to和be able to 的适当形式填空。1. In some parts of the

32、 world, you _boil the water before drinking it.2. The bus caught fire seriously, but the passengers ¬¬¬¬_escape from it.3. He _have stayed at home this morning. I saw him shopping in another city.4. You _ smoke in this part of the hospital.5. You _keep a simple first aid box at h

33、ome for any accidents.6. If she is completely well, she _be back at school today.7. My father _be a heavy smoker, but now he has given up the habit.8. -You _have finished the article. The deadline is last Friday.  -Sorry. I have been busy these days. Could you give me 3 days more?9. She _ breat

34、he, so I used the mouth-to-mouth way.10. He _have caught a bad cold last night, for his forehead felt burning.（三）短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号() ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线(/) 划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修

35、改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。One day I pushed my cousin Li Dong in wheelchair on an especial narrow sidewalk. We struggled along with one wheel on the sidewalk or the other on the road. Suddenly, a man riding his motorcycle past us rapidly, missing Li Dong by several inch. Immediately, he turned round, stopp

36、ed his motorcycle and came over. We were worried she would blame us for have stood in his way. To our surprise, he said nothing at all and helped out push the wheelchair until we reached a slightly wider sidewalk. Then he left after we could say thanks to him. We were leaving ashamed of what we thou

37、ght.【答案解析】选择适当的情态动词1.mustnt 2.ought to have 3.have to 4.can 5.were able to 6.used to 7.should完成下面A、B两项练习A. 1. He ought not (oughtnt)to help his brother work out the problem.    2. Ought Tom to go to have a rest?   3. ought they?B. 1. must/have to     2. w

38、ere able to    3. cant/couldnt   4. mustnt   5. ought to        6. ought to       7. used to         8. ought to 9. wasnt able to   10. must短文改错1.在whe

39、elchair之前加a2.especial especially3.or and4.past passed5.inch inches6.she he7.have having8.去掉helped后的out9.after before10.leaving left课程小结本次课讲授的情态动词表推测以及正方观点的议论文写法。情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmust + 动词原形must have done肯定句may / mightmay / might + 动词原形May / might have done肯定句、否定句can /couldcan / could doCan

40、 / could have done否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句这部分考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。课后作业（一）单项选择1. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. Gues

41、s what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. mustB. should C. must haveD. should have3. The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must4. In crowded places l

42、ike airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage.A. can B. may C. must D. will5. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? A. canB .mustC .shouldD .would6. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat the

43、m. A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt 7. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. couldC. must D. might8. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. Youit in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C .might put

44、 D. might have put9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area.A .need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairingD. need to repair10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.A. couldB .mustC .nightD. should11. The boss has

45、given everyone a special holiday, so wego to work tomorrow.A.cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt12. What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area”Awill Bmay Cshall D. must13. My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. A. would

46、nt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 14. What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt toC. mustnt D. cant15. Turn off the TV, Jack. _ your homework now?Mum, just ten more minutes, please. A .Should you be doing B

47、. Shouldn't you be doing C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing16. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent 17. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. may B. can C. would D. sho

48、uld18. You ought to have called her yesterday .    Yes , I know I _ . Aought to Bought to have Cought have doneDought to have called19. Why did you keep it a secret from me ? I _ about it. Ashould be told Bought to have been toldCshould have told Dought to be told20. If he had started at n

49、ine oclock, he       have been in London by eleven oclock. AmustBmayCought toDhas to【答案解析】1. 答案：C 解析：该题考查的知识点是should的用法。根据对话的意思可以判断，the North Lake应该是很美的一个湖泊，但现在被污染了，言外之意，这个湖泊之美要打上问号。Should这个情态动词有“按理推测”的含义，可译成“理应”等含义，符合对话的真实意图。will表“现在的自然倾向”，would表“过去习惯、倾向”，must 表“肯

50、定推测”，均不符句意。2. 答案：C 解析：must have done表示“过去肯定做了某事”。should have done表示“本该做某事而没做”。根据上文情景I have got A for my term paper可判断出一定进行了广泛阅读并做了大量工作。所以答案为C项。3. 答案：D 解析：根据下面“否则她是不会在他身上浪费这么多的时间的”可以知道前面的意思是：老师一定是认为在Johnson身上花时间是值得的。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定猜测。4. 答案：C 解析：句意为：在像飞机场和车站这样拥挤的地方，你一定要照看好自己的行李。must表示“必须，一定”，

51、符合句意。5. 答案：A 解析：由句意 “我的MP4不在我包里。我可能把它放哪儿了？”可知应选A。can have done表示“过去可能做过”，而must have done 表示“过去肯定做过”，只能用于肯定陈述句；should have done本应该做（而事实上没做）；would have done只能用于虚拟语气。6. 答案：B 解析：can在此表示能力，cant表示“不能”。此题所考查的知识点比较简单，但由于句子结构比较复杂，所以许多学生不是由于没有弄清知识点而误选，而是由于不理解句意而误选。全句意为：对于大多数植物来说，它们所面临的最大问题是(有些)动物喜欢以它们为食物，而当它们

52、受到威胁时却不能起身逃跑。7. 答案：C 解析：must have passed the exam表示“肯定是通过考试了”，由前句中的“happy”和下句中的“not difficult after all” 可以推知。8. 答案：D 解析：本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意“我的词典哪儿去了？我记得昨天放在这儿了。”“你也许放错地方了”。由句意可以看出是对过去情况的推测，应该用“情态动词 + have done”的形式，故排除A、C两项；should have done sth.意为“过去本该做某事(而没做)”，故排除B项。答案为D项，might have done表示“可能做过某事”。9.

53、 答案：A 解析：句意为：由于猛烈的洪水侵袭，这个地区三分之二的建筑均需要修理。此题作主语的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数，need后边应用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。10. 答案： D 解析：本题考查情态动词。could have done（过去）可能做过；本能够做；must have done（过去）肯定做过；might have done（过去）可能做过；should have done本应该做（而事实上没做）。由句意“我告诉你朋友该怎么去旅馆，但或许我应该开车送她去那儿。”可知应选D项。11. 答案：C 解析：考查情态动词的否定形式的特定含义。cant的意思是“不可能”， sh

54、ouldnt表示“不应该”，mustnt 与neednt的意思大不相同，前者表示“禁止”，意思是：一定不能；后者表示“没有必要”，意思是“不必”，相当于dont have to，从前句“老板放了我们假”，所以“明天没有必要上班”，故选C。12. 答案：C 解析：shall用于第二、三人称，表示命令、允许、警告等，此处表示警告。will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为“要，希望”；may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为“可，可以”；must意为“必须，要，应当”。13. 答案：C 解析：根据My cats really fat.可以知道是说“本不应该给猫太多食物却给了”所以答案为C。should / oughtn't to have done，意为本来不应做但实际已做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。14. 答案：A 解析：句意：你认为我们可以为我们年迈的父母做些什么事？除了能真心地陪伴他们，你不必做任何事情。don't have toneedn't“不必”；oughtn't to“不应该”；mustn't“不可以”；can't“不能”。所以答案为A项。15. 答